G2P – Governmental e-Solutions for the Public: Citizen vs Corporation Aspects

International Advances in Economic Research -     

F. H. G. Gruen: 1921-97

Economics Society of Australia Distinguished Fellow 1997 Fred Gruen was awarded the 1997 Economics Society of Australia Distiguished Fellow for his contribution to the Australian economics profession. Throughout his life Professor Gruen's writtings on economic policy were distinguished by their breadth, relevance and insight. His advice had direct influence on government policy, such as the 25 per cent tariff cut in 1973, and the reintroduction of the assets test on pensions in 1985. His contribution to the development of the economics profession included his role as President both of the Australian Agrucutural Economics Society and the Australian Academy of Social Sciences.
This citation has been shortened to accompany the following obituary.     

对注册会计师行业诚信问题的再认识

审计独立性的丧失、市场供大于求的负面影响、法律不完备、社会诚信缺失、不恰当地降低查账成本是注册会计师行业诚信危机的主要根源。提高注册会计师行业诚信水平的关键举措在于：加大宏观监管力度，规范会计师事务所的执业范围及实行客户轮换制，完善注册会计师行业的相关法律，加快会计师事务所内部管理体制改革，建立信用制度和加强诚信教育。     

P.W.S. Andrews' Manufacturing Business Revisited

P.W.S. Andrews (1914–1971) was a remarkable industrial economist at Oxford University, prominently as a member of the Oxford Economists’ Research Group (OERG) and Nuffield College. In the final few years of his life, he held a professorship at Lancaster University. As a self-described ‘practical theorist’, Andrews thought economists, particularly in the 1930s, inappropriately extended Marshall in a more formal, technical manner whereby the detailed reality of industrial economics was overshadowed. Such a ‘methodological mistake’ of a priori reasoning trumping the inductive method was countered by the OERG’s emphasis on grounded empiricism featuring extensive primary research on real businesses. A product of this research was Andrews’ Manufacturing Business that proffers a novel theory of the business firm. This article revisits Andrews’ signature book, paying particular attention to its apparent curiously harsh reviews by Austin Robinson and Arnold Plant, two distinguished Marshallian industrial economists. Moreover, Manufacturing Business is considered as a possible precursor of business strategy, a nascent discipline in the 1960s.     

Margaret G. Reid: Life and achievements

Feminist critics of mainstream economics, and of the neoclassical paradigm in particular, have focused primarily on exposing and questioning the gender biases and androcentric claims to neutrality, objectivity and rationality of the most male-dominated discipline among the social sciences. The scientific method and mathematical sophistry so cherished in the discipline have also come under severe attack from several quarters. However, despite the intellectual ferment and some practical gains for women that these criticisms have engendered, even today the substantial contributions several women scholars have made to the field of economics are not well known or fully acknowledged. This paper traces and highlights Margaret Reid's contributions to the development of some core theories in economics. While several of her male colleagues whose work she had inspired or contributed to have been awarded the Nobel Prize, the discipline of economics still owes a huge debt to Reid and to several other women economists.