Site and situation strategy in tourism planning: A Mexican case study

Mexico has experienced all the effects, good and ill, of a large and expanding tourist trade. Tourism's negative consequences--economic dependency, crime, cultural erosion--have manifested themselves in tourist ghettos along Mexico's northern border, on the Mexican Riviera, and in the capital. This study is an assesment of contemporary Mexican tourism planning as it relates to these problems, and further as it seeks to make tourism a stimulus to economically depressed areas of the nation. A case study approach is utilized to identify the strategy of site and situation selection for the new programmed resort complex at Cancun on the Caribbean coast of the Yucatan peninsula. It is concluded that Cancun embodies, at least for Mexico, a radical departure in tourism development. The resort is situated to attract a large foreign clientele and to create the greatest possible positive economic and social impact on a resident Mexican population that has suffered chronic underdevelopment.     

Insights into the repeat vacation phenomenon

The study focused upon the repeat visitor. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire at two Texas Highway Visitor Centers and through indepth personal interviews with a small sample. A majority of the sample were returning to a destination that had been visited before. Compared to those visiting a destination for the first time, repeat visitors were more likely to be older individuals seeking relaxation and visiting a friend and/or relatives on their vacation. The qualitative component of the study uncovered five factors which contributed to people returning to a familiar destination. They were a reduced risk that an unsatisfactory experience would be forthcoming; an assurance that they would find “their kind of people” there; emotional childhood attachment; to experience some aspects of the destination which had been omitted on a previous occasion; and to expose others to an experience which had previously been satisfying to respondents.     

Tablets and Tablet Apps: What Do Hotel Customers Want?

This study aims to explore consumers’ preference whether to bring their own tablets or use those provided by hotels, their expectations of hotel tablet apps, and antecedents of their behavioral intention toward hotel tablet apps. This study applied an extended model of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology to understand consumers’ perceptions of tablet apps. By surveying 1,034 customers, this study found the respondents were more likely to utilize some tablet app features over others and revealed five key antecedents of customers’ behavioral intentions toward hotel tablet apps. The findings will help operators make informed decisions to maximize the benefits of tablet technology investments. The theoretical framework of this study provides a benchmark for other researchers to further investigate this field.     

Tourist Motivation Among Backpacker Visitors to the Wet Tropics of Northern Australia

Motivational responses of four hundred backpacker visitors to the Wet Tropics region of Northern Australia were examined in conjunction with enjoyment expectations, preferences for the company of other tourist and negative experiences encountered while at the destination. Levels of Maslows (1954) hierarchy of needs motivations. Positive motivations were inferred form anticipated positive experiences, whereas negative motivations were inferred from anticipated negative experiences at this destination. Most likely positive motivators were friendships/relationships and personal fulfillment whereas most likely negative motivators involved accommodation and food/drink. Examination of patterns of association between motivational levels and enjoyment levels, preference for company and reported negative experiences suggest important theoretical associations. Implications of these findings for this growing segment of visitors have been explored.     

Fostering visitors’ pro-environmental behaviour in an urban park

Recognizing the increasing importance of sustainable environment, this research explored visitors’ pro-environmental decision-making process in an urban park context. This study investigated the relationships among attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behaviour control, positive and negative anticipated emotions as well as behavioural intentions. The results suggest that positive anticipated affects positively influenced low-effort and high-effort pro-environmental behavioural intentions. In addition, positive anticipated affects mediated the relationship between cognitive factors and behavioural intentions. Interestingly negative anticipated affects did not influence behavioural intentions. Further analysis revealed subjective norm was the strongest predictor of intentions, especially the low-effort pro-environmental behavioural intentions. The research advances the conceptual understanding of the role of each construct in generating park visitors’ intentions to perform environmentally responsible behaviours while visiting an urban park.     

Host community perceptions a cluster analysis

This paper explores how residents in the Balearic Islands of Spain regard tourism as affecting their community, thereby providing a framework for research into attitudes toward this industry in a mature Mediterranean destination. Local attitudes were used to segment the sample into five different opinion groups using a cluster analysis. The overall results indicate that the respondents are aware of some of both the positive and negative effects, and are relatively ambivalent about development proposals that imply an increasing number of tourists. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that some development strategies incur considerable conservation-based opposition while others enjoy general support.     

香港居民对非赌场类博彩的感知和态度——基于结构方程模型的实证研究

香港的非赌场类博彩业发展成熟,可作为了解居民对于城市中非赌场类博彩感知和态度的良好案例。文章采用定量研究为主、定性研究为辅的研究方法,收集626份问卷,建立了涵盖支持度、感知影响、权力、博彩参与水平和社区依恋的结构方程模型。研究发现,居民的支持程度依次受到感知正面社会影响、博彩参与水平、社区依恋、感知负面环境和经济影响、感知负面社会影响、权力6个变量的影响。感知正面社会影响、博彩参与水平、社区依恋、权力对支持度的影响为正向,感知负面环境和经济影响、感知负面社会影响对支持度的影响为负向,负面环境和经济影响的作用小于负面社会影响。     

Business travellers’ hotel expectations and disappointments: A different perspective to hotel attribute importance investigation

Hotel attribute importance studies have a long tradition in hospitality research. This study investigates the issue for business travelers by asking the respondents to state their expectations and disappointments / dissatisfaction in an open question format instead of rating the importance of attributes directly.

The aim of the study is twofold: (1) to learn about expectations and past disappointments of this particular segment to provide additional insight for customizing hotel offers and (2) to investigate whether the findings reported in literature so far are mirrored or not.     

Residents' attitudes towards an instant resort enclave

Researchers have suggested that residents' attitudes towards tourism depend on the expected costs and benefits of tourism. While many studies have examined this proposition towards the later stages of development, few have examined the pre-tourism phase. This study used in-depth interviews with residents of Isabela, Puerto Rico, to examine their attitudes towards a proposed “instant” enclave resort in their community. At the time the research was conducted, Isabela was the planned site of the largest resort in the Caribbean. Results indicate that respondents are aware of both some of the positive and negative impacts of tourism, and are quite ambivalent about the planned tourist site.     

Residents' perceptions of tourism development in Benalmádena (Spain)

This study examines the residents' perceptions of the impact of tourism in Benalmádena and the profiles of the residents according to socio-demographic characteristics. A questionnaire assessed how these characteristics influence the residents' perceptions towards the environment, economy, and socio-cultural aspects. The survey was administered to a stratified sample of 770 residents in Benalmádena. Results show a significant effect of socio-demographic variables on perception of tourism impact. The educational background, place of birth and how long respondents had been living in the community explain a significant amount of the variance in overall attitudes. Interaction analyses revealed that place of birth moderated the relationship between the tourism dimensions and the years of residence. For instance, the respondents with less than five years of residence showed more positive attitude towards the impact of tourism. We offer a profile of these residents according to their perceptions of the impact of tourism in their community.     

Anthropology and tourism: A science-industry evaluation

The anthropological contribution to touristic study derives from this discipline's holistic perception of human culture and its comparative methodology. Renewed use of the “national character” approach, applying traditional field methods to industrial societies, would serve to identify elements stimulating tourism in the donor area and the needs within the recipient region. A tourist region is defined as a marketable destination with the surrounding support zones to supply requisite visitor services. The relationship between tourism and regional development needs to be assessed in terms of the economy theory of multiplier effect, as money, goods, services and people flow between the regional core and its support zones. Models illustrate internal development as well as donor-recipient relations. Science and industry share common goals in development and management of tourism, noted by efforts to educate the decision-makers as well as the tourist.     

服务失败后自我建构与质量预期对满意和口碑的影响

当顾客遭遇由个别雇员引发的服务失败时,顾客会产生怎样的心理反应?文章基于服务失败情境探讨了顾客的自我建构倾向与服务质量预期对满意度与负面口碑传播的影响。研究运用实验法模拟(餐厅)服务情境,结果发现,当服务失败源于个别雇员的不当行为时,如果顾客对企业的服务持有相对负面的质量预期,那么自我建构类型为互依型的顾客(vs.独立型自我建构)更倾向于认为企业对雇员的服务质量具有可控性,会对企业更不满意;但在负面口碑传播上,独立型自我建构的顾客却反而更有可能通过口碑传播服务失败经历(vs.互依型自我建构)。文章在此基础上主要讨论了自我建构对服务失败研究以及企业实践的启示,并指出未来可进一步研究的内容。     

Prediction of leisure participation from behavioral,normative, and control beliefs: An application of the theory of planned behavior

Abstract

The theory of planned behavior (Ajzen 1985, 1987) is offered as a comprehensive framework for understanding of leisure participation. Salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs, theoretically the basic determinants of behavior, were assessed with respect to five leisure activities: spending time at the beach, jogging or running, mountain climbing, boating, and biking. College students completed a questionnaire containing measures of these beliefs and of global expressions of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. One year later the participants reported how often they had performed each behavior in the preceding 12 months. Behavioral beliefs were found to partition into beliefs about affective reactions and beliefs about costs and benefits. Participation in leisure activities was influenced by these affective and instrumental beliefs, as well as by normative beliefs about the expectations of important others and by control beliefs about required resources and other factors that impede or facilitate leisure participation.     

Tourism in a developing area: The case of Tamil Nadu,India

This paper discusses the potential for the development of tourism in the State of Tamil Nadu, India. It argues that the State is rich in both natural and cultural resources but is lacking in infrastructure and a well-defined development strategy. A resource based and an urban based development strategy are discussed and it is suggested that the latter may have advantages for a developing area in the early stages of tourism involvement.     

Consequences of psychological benefits of using eco-friendly services in the context of drone food delivery services

ABSTRACT

This study examined the importance of psychological benefits of using eco-friendly services in the context of drone food delivery services. Based on the theoretical relationships between the conceptual constructs, a research model was developed and then assessed using data collected from 397 samples in Korea. The data analysis results showed that the three sub-dimensions of psychological benefits (i.e. warm glow, self-expressive benefits, and nature experiences) play an important role in the formation of positive and negative anticipated emotions. Furthermore, the positive and negative anticipated emotions had a significant influence on desire, which in turn positively affects intentions to use.     

A revised paradigm of leisure choices

A theory‐based model distinguishing three kinds of leisure from required nonwork activity has been examined through research on adult leisure in three communities. In the research sequence, the defining dimension of relative freedom and constraint is found central to the perceptions of respondents, but the work‐relation dimension does not significantly differentiate types of leisure. The model is revised to replace work‐relation with meaning to the participant that is either intrinsic to doing the activity or primarily social. Further, anticipated satisfactions in building and maintaining relationships are found more salient in leisure choices than in meeting role expectations. The revised typology is employed to classify activities from the New Town phase of the research as (1) unconditional, (2) recuperative, (3) relational, and (4) role‐determined.     

Tourism and urban revitalization a case study of Pore , Yugoslavia

This article emphasizes the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to revitalization of old urban areas through tourism. Historical urban values require special multidisciplinary care when transformed to suit the needs of both tourists and local population. The case study of the old urban area in Pore illustrates how this can be done. The study was aimed at identifying reasons for which tourists and local population visit Pore 's old urban core. It also intended to analyze the visitors' reactions to and expectations of old urban areas. The findings were to help make revitalization decisions and introduce new measures into the revitalization process itself, which in turn aimed at contributing to both future tourism developments and preservation of the area's historical and cultural heritage.     

Anticipated emotion in consumers’ intentions to select eco-friendly restaurants: Augmenting the theory of planned behavior

This study proposes and explores an emotion-related theoretical framework based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model to examine the relationship between the variables and explain consumers’ acceptance of and engagement in ecological behavior. This study augments the TPB with the construct anticipated regret and examines TPB's predictive power of consumer intentions to select eco-friendly restaurants. The results suggest that decision-making models such as the TPB incorporate anticipated emotion. The findings provide further insight into the consumers’ decision-making processes which is essential for the development of green marketing strategies in the restaurant context.     

The realistic preview may not yield career satisfaction

Based on 155 completed surveys from hospitality management alumni from three mid-Atlantic 4-year programs, this study suggests that a realistic preview of the industry gained in an experiential learning component may not, alone, be the key to early career satisfaction. While graduates reportedly believe they understand the expectations of the industry, they are expressing dissatisfaction in their first career positions. For human resource professionals, this study would indicate that special attention should be directed to the first-position college graduate, as 23% of respondents in this study reported leaving the industry altogether after the first management position.