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1.
Minimum acceptable rates for back haul cargo are difficult for carriers to establish in practice. They depend on complex factors such as availability of empty containers in the vicinity, cost of repositioning empties and container on-hiring decisions. A shadow pricing and “shadow credit” approach is proposed and applied to an inland network. Such a model can help carriers undertake yield management at the operational level to improve financial performance in a post-conference era. Results also suggest a positive relationship between variability in the imbalance situation of laden containers in a particular trade and volatility of short-term back haul freight rates. 相似文献
2.
This study proposes the concept of multi-period tradable credit scheme (TCS) for a planning context. In it, travelers determine their actions in terms of consumption or sale of credits in the current period or transfer to future periods. In the first scheme, travelers can transfer credits to future periods without penalty. In the second scheme, the effects of two regulatory instruments are investigated on the market behavior. Study insights suggest that a multi-period TCS dampens credit price volatility. It allows the central authority to develop TCSs with stable credit prices in which travelers can hedge against potential monetary losses. 相似文献
3.
Mei-Ting Tsai Jean-Daniel Saphores Amelia Regan 《Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review》2011,47(6):920-932
This paper applies concepts from the theory of Real Options to hedge uncertainty in transportation capacity and cost using derivative contracts, called truckload options. We make three contributions. First, we provide a closed-form pricing formula for basic truckload options when the truckload spot price on a given lane follows a simple mean-reverting process. Second, since only monthly statistics about truckload spot prices are currently available, we provide an approach to estimate the parameters needed to value truckload options. Finally, a numerical illustration based on real data shows that truckload options could be valuable to both shippers and carriers. 相似文献