石油地质勘探策略浅谈

石油勘探对于我国的国民经济发展起到了重要的作用。如何改进传统勘探技术,提高勘探成功率对于我国经济发展有着极其重要的意义。本文就我国目前石油地质勘探的现状进行分析,浅谈提高石油地质勘探效率的策略。     

论我国必须坚持石油自给有余的基本国策

近年来,我国石油产量增长已近停滞,石油消费量却以每年500万吨的速度增长,新增的石油消费量主要依靠减少石油净出口量来弥补,由此导致我国已由石油净出口国变为净进口国。造成我国石油供应困难的原因,并非是我国石油资源贫乏,而是石油勘探工作长期滞后,勘探开发比例严重失调及石油消费中存在严重的浪费现象。面对现实,若只是根据比较成本和国际分工的理论制定石油供需政策,任凭我国长期成为石油净进口国、大进口国,将对我国政治、经济的安全造成极大的危害。因此,我国必须坚持长期石油自给有余的基本国策。     

我国石油进口多元化格局加速形成

近日国际油价虽然呈现略微下跌趋势，但是，长期的表现仍然是居高不下。海关总署的统计数据显示．今年上半年我国净进口原油7033万吨．进口额320亿美元；净进口成品油1203万吨，进口额43．7亿美元。上半年．我国石油对外依存度高达47％。作为石油进口大国，中国能源安全问题一直牵扯着世界的神经。     

我国石油定价话语权缺失的原因及对策建议

石油定价权的实质是规则制定权，而现代市场竞争的核心就是规则制定权的竞争。哪一方拥有制定石油市场规则的主动权，哪一方就能通过石油定价影响和控制世界石油市场，而没有石油定价权的一方只有被动接受石油价格变动。我国自1993年成为石油净进口国至今，已成为世界石油消费和进口大国，在国际石油市场上已占有举足轻重的地位，但在国际石油价格方面却没有发挥太大的影响作用。2013年，我国石油对外依存度高达58％，在国际市场竞争中承受越来越大的石油价格风险，如何提高我国石油定价话语权和影响力成为当前亟待研究并解决的问题。     

我国石油安全现状及应对策略

石油安全问题成为我国原油的主要关注问题,如何以长期稳定的价格取得石油供应,直接关系我国石油经济的发展。本文主要介绍了我国石油的安全现状并对其提出一些策略分析。     

二甲醚（DME）替代石油发展提速

我国是石油生产和消费大国,随着经济社会的发展,我国石油天然气消费的增长超过了原油产量和储量的增长.从1993年开始,中国成为石油净进口国.石油需求快速攀升,而原油生产缓慢增长,石油短缺的矛盾日渐突出.     

对进一步完善我国石油特别收益金政策的建议

我国石油特别收益金征收已有7年,取得了预期效果,但随着征收环境变化,也逐步暴露一些问题,例如人民币升值导致实质上的起征点降低,资源税增税改革相当于拉低了起征点。这些问题造成了国内石油上游综合税负高于美国,加之成品油提价不到位和成本上升压缩了企业利润空间,使我国石油企业的盈利水平低于国内外可比公司,导致企业再投资能力下降。为提高我国石油供应保障能力,借鉴石油净进口国不征收暴利税的经验,建议进一步完善我国石油特别收益金政策,根据情况变化提高起征点、实行差别化征收、调整使用方向,并加快完善相关配套政策。     

浅谈石油企业的质量管理体系

随着我国国民经济的快速发展,石油企业的发展速度也在日益增快,如何转变我国石油企业的发展方式,实现可持续发展的目标,是每一个石油企业面临的最为紧要的问题。本文主要研究的是石油企业的质量管理体系,首先阐述了石油企业建立质量管理体系时存在的问题,其次提出了石油企业建设质量管理体系的建议。     

浅谈石油天然气能源开采与环境保护的动态平衡

随着我国经济水平不断提高和各大重工企业不断发展,对于石油和天然气等不可再生能源的需求量也不断增加,石油和天然气等能源的过度开采和不合理利用,不仅会造成我国不可再生资源的大量浪费,同时也对环境造成极大的污染。因此如何实现能源开采和环境保护的动态平衡是亟待解决的难题。本文对石油天然气与环境保护之间存在的问题进行分析,并提出相应的解决措施。     

主动应对我国石油安全问题

20世纪90年代以来10年左右的时间里，我国石油净进口量增加了7倍。未来15年内，我国国民经济将以7％左右的速度发展，预计原油需求将以4％左右的速度增加；同期国内石油产量增长速度却只有2％左右，低于石油需求增长速度，国内石油供需缺口将逐年加大。     

相马与识人

人为万物之灵.对人的认识,非一朝一夕之功.一则对人的内心不容易看见和识别,即知人知面不知心;二则人的内心是会变化的,即往往是"子系中山狼,得志便猖狂".     

Classifying a customer as a national account

A recent article [Stevenson and Page, Industrial Marketing Management 8, 94–100 (1979)] addressed the issue of how industrial marketers determine if their firms can use national account marketing. Once that decision is made, a next logical step is to determine which customers should be classified as national accounts. This article discusses appropriate classification criteria that industrial marketers can use to make such decisions. The information presented here is based on a study of national account marketing.     

Assessing a runaway of a Grignard reaction

The venting and control strategies of a Magnesium Grignard formation reaction were assessed by theoretical predictions of the exotherm and the reaction rate, by simple laboratory measurements of the self heat rate, and by Leung's simplified equations and SAFIRE evaluations, based on DIERS methods. SAFIRE computations showed that the 150 mm dia vent was capable of keeping the reactor pressure below its maximum (MAWP) of 860 kPa for the worst-case exotherm. The response to this evidence was to increase safety protection in the automatic control strategy, following a quantified fault tree analysis of the worst-case runaway scenario.     

Strengthening a weak rival for a fight

We provide a new model wherein firms of different productivities survive in an industry despite the threat of entry by high productivity firms. We demonstrate that an efficient incumbent has a unilateral incentive to establish a relational contract, softening price competition to strengthen its inefficient rival in a war of attrition that emerges post-entry, and raising the price of the inefficient firm in the acquisition market. We show that this equilibrium gives rise to persistent performance differences, market compression, and stability in the identity of firms in the market. Moreover, the relational contracting equilibrium is facilitated by strong anti-trust laws.     

Segmenting a business market for a professional service

This article uses benefit segmentation to analyze the structure of an industrial market for professional services— the market for CPA services among business firms. Data were collected from a random sample of U.S. business firms, stratified to include a broad cross section of the market for CPA services. Benefit segments were described by linking CPA selection criteria importance ratings with client firm characteristics such as business firm size. Examples of ways in which information about market structure can be used in marketing professional services are presented. The results provide evidence about the applicability of prior industrial marketing research and multilevel industrial market segmentation models to a professional services market.     

Management information system for a research institute in a developing country: a case study

Abstract: An information system which is designed for and is being implemented at Marmara Scientific and Industrial Research Institute, Turkey, is described. The basic objectives of the system are to provide for a continuous review of the activities carried out at the Institute based on quantitative as well as qualitative information and to facilitate the gathering of timely and accurate information required by the organizations with which the Institute is affiliated.     

Becoming a preferred customer one step at a time

A preferred customer is a buying organization who receives better treatment than other customers from a supplier, in terms of product quality and availability, support in the sourcing process, delivery or/and prices. The decision to become a preferred customer implies a continuous commitment by the purchaser to a complex, expensive and often uncertain process. It is important to use a strategic approach, as well as appropriate tactics. Based on well-known models on the development of buyer-supplier relationship, on customer portfolio analysis and on the emergent literature in customer attractiveness and preferred customer status, we suggest four steps to become – and remain – a preferred customer: initial attraction, performance, engagement and sustainability. The process takes the perspective of a buyer willing to obtain the preferential status and focuses on the strategies and tactics that could influence the supplier's decision of granting this status. The proposed process considers that the supplier is continuously comparing the value offered by the customer to its expectations, and to the value offered by other customer relationships.     

Inducing Cooperation with a Carrot Instead of a Stick

The Supreme Court’s reasoning in Leegin turned on the insight that manufacturers may use resale price maintenance (RPM) for procompetitive purposes. This paper presents a model of manufacturer-retailer interactions that clarifies why, as a rule, retailers and manufacturers are joint beneficiaries of service-inducing RPM. The model identifies factors that determine how RPM-generated benefits are allocated between a manufacturer and its retailers. The paper then shows that manufacturers may use market share discounts (MSD) in lieu of RPM or other vertical restraints to induce retailer performance. The outcomes and efficiency effects that are achieved with RPM can be replicated and usually surpassed if manufacturers substitute MSD for RPM, thereby enabling a manufacturer to retain all incremental profit rather than conceding some of it to retailers.