Educational Attainment: A Key Factor for Improving the Lagging Rate of Black Entrepreneurship

The difference between the percentage of blacks and whites who are self-employed in the United States is striking. In this paper, we focus on the role of educational achievement in explaining the gap between white and black entrepreneurship. Using data collected through the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED), we identified 1.061 white nascent entrepreneurs (NEs) and 270 black NEs and compared the two groups against each other as well as to white and black comparison groups of non-NEs. The results suggest that in order to improve the rate of black entrepreneurship, more focus is needed on improving black educational achievement.     

走进黑戈壁

我第一次走进黑戈壁，是2003年10月。     

魔盒里的山城

用相机镜头和黄葛树的叶子组合,宛如背负魔盒的蜗牛.这样一只蜗牛,一步一步前进,将美景收纳其中,又传播开来.踩点,蹲守,拍片,断断续续拍这组片子一个多月,也给自己带来了不同的惊喜.作为一位土生土长的重庆摄影人,透过真正的镜头看重庆,这是不一样的家乡,这是我们独有的重庆.     

Black capitalism

Summary and Conclusion What then has the government’s promotional effort and the increasing economic efforts of black entrepreneurs wrought? Three years is too short a span to really expect the establishment of long term trends. The most we could expect is fissures and cracks in a system that has kept Blacks out of the mainstream of American economic development.     

Black urbanisation

Black urbanisation in Southern Africa is a necessary condition for development but there are also many complicating factors such as the almost explosive increase in its expected magnitude over the next 20 years.

An essential starting point to deal with this situation will be to compile an integrated urbanisation and regional development strategy. Some of the factors that will have to receive attention in the design of such a strategy are fiscal sharing measures, the important role that the informal sector has to play, realistic housing standards, rural development programmes and an acceptable political and administrative dispensation for urban Blacks who live outside the self‐governing and independent states.     

艺海珍宝--日照黑陶

1972年,美国总统尼克松访华,一踏上中国大陆,就要求看一看中国的高柄镂空蛋壳陶杯……这究竟是件什么宝贝,会引起美国总统这么大的兴趣? 原来,早在1936年,梁启超的儿子梁思永先生,带领考古队在日照两城文化遗址发现了4500多年前的珍稀陶器——高柄镂空蛋壳陶杯,以及其它大量的出土文物。 陶器是中国古代文明的象征,诞生于中国的新石器时代。新石器时代早期,黄河流域的陶器比较原始,器物种类少,器型简单,火候较低,陶质疏松,多为红陶。新石器中期,黄河流域以仰韶文化、大汶口文化时期为代表的陶器生产逐渐获得很大发展,除大量红陶外,灰陶、黑陶、白陶相继出现,陶器的实用性和艺术     

Black male unemployment

Public policies intended to raise the wages of unskilled workers, equalize educational opportunity, stabilize employment, and increase imports were sources of the growth of unskilled and, therefore, of black unemployment since 1950. The wartime wage-equalization policy and postwar minimum-wage policies raised the cost of unskilled labor relative to that of capital and of skilled labor. The Fed's inflationary full-employment policy between 1950 and 1970 reduced real interest rates relative to unskilled wages. Subsidies for higher education increased the supply of skilled labor, reducing its cost relative to that of unskilled labor. Trade liberalization increased imports of manufactured goods from developing countries, which displaced U.S. unskilled labor.     

Black abortion demand

Conclusion This study estimates the demand for abortion by black women. The empirical results find that black abortion demand is price inelastic, negatively related to unemployment conditions, and positively related to the presence of state Medicaid and a college education. These results are consistent with the findings in prior studies of all childbearing women. The only two findings at odds with those of all childbearing women were that black women's abortion demands are considerably more responsive to changes in income and do not depend on marital status.     

拯救黑熊

2003年新年来临之际,英国女士谢罗便臣在成都龙桥镇无比兴奋地向世界宣布:由她创办的亚洲动物基金与中国野生动物保护协会和四川省林业厅合作,投资近300万元在四川成都新都区龙桥镇建立的中国第一个黑熊救护中心正式成立。它标志着三方于2000年共同发起的,目前世界上最大规模的“拯救黑熊”行动已经取得了阶段性的成果。这不啻是给国内依靠抽取熊的胆汁而兴旺起来的黑熊养殖业扔下了一枚重磅炸弹,同时也把野生动物的生存问题再一次严峻地摆在了有着几千年动物入药史的中国人面前。     

康定贡嘎“黑石城”发现记

这是一次令人惊叹的历程。至今我清楚地记得,那天是2001年12月12日,同行的有王建军、孙有彬、杨桦、魏晓雨和我。头一天,我们从康定城来到塔公乡戈日玛村,那儿的一条山沟里有一座由上亿块刻有经文的嘛尼石堆成的大经塔,非常壮观。晚上,我们就宿往在“菩萨喜欢的地方”——极为宁静、壮美的塔公草原。早上起来,天朗气清,建军带着大家在一个竖着塔式经幡的山包上拍日出,背景是蟠桃一样的雅拉神山和炊烟袅袅的牧场。午后,建军决定去拍“蜀山之王”贡嘎山,他带着诡秘的表情说:“这是一个全新的角度,你们都没有去过的地方。”返回新都桥后,建军驾着越野车驶向高尔寺山。走完公路走土路,然后又离开土路驶向没有路的山梁。迂回曲折,翻过一个个山包不断爬升,越野车就像一叶翩舟,在波涛起伏的山海中漂荡。最后,当越野车怒吼符冲向山顶的时候,我们在车内仰面朝天几乎倒过     

Black business ownership in the rural south

The relatively low business ownership rate among blacks nationwide (12.5 per 1,000 people) is even lower in the rural South (8.8 per 1,000). This study uses Census Bureau data to document the level of business ownership among blacks in the rural South and to explore a number of hypotheses regarding the low level of business ownership among rural blacks and the variation from state to state. The size of the black population in the rural areas of a state is negatively correlated with the rural black business ownership rate in the state, while the education level, income level and homeownership level of blacks in rural areas of a state is positively correlated with the rural black business ownership rate. However, it appears that statewide economic conditions may be more closely related to the level of rural black business ownership than are characteristics of rural blacks.     

Black economic thought and the southern economy

From early in the nineteenth century Southern whites often analyzed the ills of the South as originating in the region’s colonial relation to the North. A survey of black economic thought, academic, journalistic and political, suggests that this notion was never strongly endorsed by black intellectuals. The outstanding exceptions were works by black sociologists collaborating with white colleagues in the 1930s. For the most part, however, black writers subscribed to a view that emphasized the dependent nature, not of the South, but of the economy of the black community in its relations with the South.