Management accounting practices in Europe: a perspective from the States

I provide a perspective from the States on four questions primarily based on information inManagement Accounting: European Perspectivesedited by Al Bhimani (1996). First, seven factors are identified as having shaped management accounting practices in European nations—academics, education, government, professional associations, consultants, technology, and the inter-nation transfer of information. Second, evidence supports the view that, across European nations, more changes are occurring in management accounting practice terminology and techniques than in the purposes and styles of using management accounting techniques. Third, evidence indicates that there is convergence across European nations in management accounting practices, especially in terminology and techniques, but less convergence in the purposes and styles of using techniques. Fourth, management accounting practices in European nations, particularly terminology and techniques, is converging on a global management accounting practice model. I propose that management accounting practices—particularly terminology and techniques—is converging across nations (at least for those firms that are affected by the global economy)anddiverging across industries both within and between nations.     

对西部基层商业银行提高经济增加值的思考

实施以经济增加值为核心的绩效考核,在金融资源匮乏的西部欠发达地区,基层行面临着经营核心目标与业务计划体系的统一、经营效益增长与市场份额增长的关系、产品定价机制问题、相对单一的信贷资产结构与降低经济资本占用、财务核算体系中业务风险体现不充分等两难选择。西部基层行必须从转变经营理念,完善组织结构,构建与完善管理信息系统、业绩评价系统、部门预算等方面创造条件为推行经济增加值奠定基础。在经济资本约束下,西部基层行在经营管理工作中要牢固树立价值最大化的经营理念,平衡好规模与效益的关系,加快经营结构的调整及强化风险管理等。     

对西部基层商业银行提高经济增加值的思考

实施以经济增加值为核心的绩效考核，在金融资源匮乏的西部欠发达地区，基层行面临着经营核心目标与业务计划体系的统一、经营效益增长与市场份额增长的关系、产品定价机制问题、相对单一的信贷资产结构与降低经济资本占用、财务核算体系中业务风险体现不充分等两难选择。西部基层行必须从转变经营理念，完善组织结构，构建与完善管理信息系统、业绩评价系统、部门预算等方面创造条件为推行经济增加值奠定基础。在经济资本约束下，西部基层行在经营管理工作中要牢固树立价值最大化的经营理念，平衡好规模与效益的关系，加快经营结构的调整及强化风险管理等。     

A contingency framework for the design of accounting information systems

Most of the research to date concerning the design of an accounting information system has taken a rather narrow and inflexible view of accounting information. The primary intent of this paper is to provide a broader and more adaptive framework for designing such systems. A contigency approach, which takes into account the environment, organizational attributes, and managerial decision making styles, is advocated. In this context, several hypotheses are offered concerning the requisites of an accounting information system.     

会计信息不实的行政法律规制研究

1929年-1933年席卷欧美的经济危机和2008年世界金融危机本质上是会计信息不实孕育的“恶果”,证明会计信息不实具有严重的社会危害性。为把不实会计信息的状况限制在低水平,保护相关利益主体的权益,防止信息障碍累积,构建有效经济社会信用体系,避免经济发生重大病变,需要实施全过程一般会计信息问题的有效行政法律监管。如何实施会计信息不实的行政监管,关键是从操作层面完善现有行政法律规制内容.     

The effect of accounting firm size and member rank on professionalism

The relationship between the number of employees in a firm, their rank, and the level of professionalism among firm members is evaluated in 19 accounting firms, involving 325 accountants engaged in public practice. Professionalism is measured using five individual traits plus a composite. Results indicate that one trait (i.e. a belief that the profession provides a service to society) and the composite were inversely related to firm size. Rank or position in the firm hierarchy demonstrated an even stronger, independent effect on three professionalism traits and the composite, with higher member rank associated with higher levels of professionalism. Issues related to the future study of professionalism among accountants are discussed.     

敦煌会计文书的史料价值研究

敦煌会计文书中含有大量丰富的信息资料,不仅为会计研究,而且为经济、社会关系、契约制度、户籍制度、佛寺关系等研究领域提供了重要的历史资料参考和文献依据.敦煌会计文书重要的史料价值形成与唐五代时期发达的商业经济、繁荣的东西文化交流、寺院特殊的社会地位和高度发达的单式记账方法是分不开的,体现了科学与原始、历史与现实的融舍统一.     

Accounting information quality,governance efficiency and capital investment choice

This paper examines the relationship between accounting information quality and capital investment choice from the perspective of accounting information’s gover...     

The Importance of Understanding Student Learning Styles in Accounting Degree Programs

Improvements in the tertiary education of accounting students benefit the profession. Analysis of the interaction of learning styles and teaching methodologies in accounting degree programs revealed that when learning styles matched teaching methods used, usefulness was assessed as high. When they differed, usefulness deteriorated. To maximise educational benefit this interaction should be considered, but this has resource implications. Accounting education is critical and any improvements in the tertiary education of accounting students should result in better prepared graduates entering the profession. This study evaluates accounting students’ learning styles and the interaction of learning styles and teaching methodologies in degree programs. Nine classes of accounting students (648 students) spread across four years and two degree programs were evaluated. Students self‐evaluated their learning styles, pre‐instruction. They were then subject to two separate teaching techniques (one active and one passive) in each course. Learning styles were then re‐assessed and teaching techniques evaluated. Accounting students displayed a preference for passive learning, even those far advanced in their degrees. Furthermore, when learning styles matched teaching methods used, usefulness was assessed as high but when learning styles and teaching methods differed, usefulness deteriorated. Overall, active learners rather than passive learners deemed the teaching methods to be more effective. The implications are significant. To maximise educational benefit for the accounting profession, student learning styles should be assessed before designing appropriate teaching methodologies. This has resource implications, which would have to be considered.     

The Attitudes of NHS Clinicians and Medical Managers Towards Changes in Accounting Controls

Clinical directors and medical managers expected accounting information would assume high importance for institutional control as a consequence of NHS reforms. However, clinical directors were not comfortable with the symbolism of formal accounting controls. Their individual understanding of accounting information varied, but was modest overall. Medical managers were more inclined to accept and respond to financial controls. However, acceptance and response was frustrated for all users by inaccuracy and lateness of accounting reports. Cost savings were prompted more by established professional attitudes than in response to accounting reports. Non-financial controls remained the dominant mode of operational control.     

投资者保护与财务会计信息质量

根据投资者保护的分析框架,不同地区对投资者的保护程度会对公司会计政策和行为产生影响,对于投资者保护较弱的地区,财务会计系统可能成为补偿弱投资者保护负面影响的一种替代机制。本文使用来自我国内地31个地区911家A股上市公司2001—2004年的数据为样本进行考察,利用各地区市场化进程数据构建各地区的投资者保护程度变量,使用会计盈余反映经济收益的非对称及时性衡量财务会计信息的质量,证据一定程度上表明来自投资者保护较弱地区的上市公司更愿意提供较高质量的财务会计信息,以补偿弱投资者保护带来的负面效应。     

A contextual model of information systems

The social-engineering of accounting and information systems has not kept pace with the awesome advances on the teachnical side. Attempts, such as human information processing systems, have proven too narrow and research efforts now are called for which include both the psychology of the user and the program conditions of the task. This paper outlines a model which combines both personal decision style and organizational technology to derive four distinct information systems styles — concise, cursory, diffuse, and elaborate - each of which is suited to a particular technology. The central idea is that accounting and information systems should be designed to be congruent with the organizational context which they serve.     

论会计原则体系的重构

我国理论及实务界对于什么是会计原则、会计原则的内容体系应如何构建、会计原则与会计信息质量特征的关系如何界定等问题存在不同见解,影响会计规范体系的建立和健全。文章从逻辑学的角度,结合会计原则的本质,界定了会计原则的概念,揭示了会计原则与会计信息质量特征之间的关系,重构了会计原则体系的内容,为合理构建我国会计规范体系,会计信息质量特征体系,提供了一种新的思路和视野。     

CEO职业关注与企业会计信息披露质量

依据2001-2019年沪深两市A股上市公司数据,以C EO年龄水平作为职业关注水平的代理变量,考量CEO职业关注对企业会计信息披露质量的影响.结果表明:CEO职业关注降低了企业的会计信息披露质量,CEO职业关注水平较高时,企业盈余管理倾向更强,应计质量更差,发生盈余粉饰的可能性更高.进一步分析发现,企业正向盈余管理倾向是C EO职业关注影响会计信息披露质量的渠道,职业关注与会计信息披露质量的关系受到财务业绩压力的干扰.     

机构投资者与会计信息质量之关系的实证研究

从会计信息披露的可靠性、相关性、及时性和客观性的角度入手,构建了一个会计信息质量的综合指数,采用多元回归分析的方法对我国机构投资者与上市公司会计信息质量之关系进行了实证研究,并分析了股权分置改革的实施对上述关系的影响.研究结果表明:股权分置改革前后,机构投资者的持股比例、持股的机构投资者数量、前十大流通股东中机构投资者的数量均与会计信息质量正相关;股权分置改革不会影响上述相关关系.     

The Relation between Stock Prices and Accounting Information

The functional relation between expected stock prices and accounting information is analyzed through the theory of inverse probability. The approach models the mean of the posterior distribution for price, given the information that the accounting process provides. The implications of alternative assumptions about accounting measurement error and the unconditional price distribution are discussed. Our most refined model is consistent with recent empirical evidence showing convexity in the relationship between price and accounting information. Empirical tests, while exploratory, provide further evidence of a nonlinear relation between stock price and accounting measures of earnings and book value.     

ESG框架下财会背景独立董事履职能否改善会计信息质量? ——基于内部控制有效性的视角

基于内部控制有效性视角,运用人力资本和公司治理理论,结合ESG(环境、社会、公司治理)框架,依据2010-2019年沪、深主板上市公司数据,考量财会背景独立董事履职的三大维度与会计信息质量的关系.结果发现:财会背景独立董事占比越大,兼职同行业、同类型公司越多,年龄性别为非大龄女性,亲自与会次数越多,会计信息质量相对较高;而在任期和薪酬回归结果与稳健性检验则出现了背离.进一步研究表明,与国有上市公司相比,非国有上市公司财会背景独立董事履职在薪酬、任期和亲自与会次数三方面对会计信息质量有更好的促进作用.     

Earnings, Cash Flows and Security Returns Over Long Return Intervals: Analysis and UK Evidence

The aim of this paper is to provide a fuller understanding of the process linking security returns and accounting data by focusing on the effect of long return intervals on the association between security returns and earnings and cash flow variables. First, we develop a theoretical basis for empirical analysis of the relationship between security returns and cash flow data over long return intervals. Second, we carry out empirical analysis of both the information content of cash flow variables and the incremental information content of accounting earnings and cash flows using UK data over the period 1985–92 for annual, two year and four year return intervals. Our results provide strong evidence of the valuation relevance of cash flow information for the dataset examined.     

经理管理防御、媒体监督与会计信息透明度基于中国上市企业不同产权性质的研究

以2008-2014年中国上市企业为样本,考察不同产权性质下经理管理防御对会计信息透明度的影响,并进一步分析媒体监督对二者关系的调节作用.研究发现:在国有企业中,经理管理防御对会计信息透明度具有负向影响;而在民营企业中,经理管理防御显著提高了会计信息透明度.进一步发现,在国有企业中,媒体监督能显著抑制经理管理防御与会计信息透明度之间的负向关系;而在民营企业中,媒体监督不具有显著的调节效应.     

投资者保护变迁与会计改革的共生互动性

本文尝试从理论上解析,并以我国的改革实践印证投资者保护与会计的共生互动性。由于会计具有重要的投资者保护功能,投资者保护与会计之间始终处于一种共生互动的协调状态。投资者保护目标的实现需要会计的顺应性支持,而会计也能通过其具体机制的变革和发展服务于这种需要。我国近30年的会计改革实践印证了在政府主导环境下,投资者保护与会计之间的动态协调仍是一个显著特征。