产业集群国际化发展方式研究

在经济全球化背景下,产业集群不再局限于原有区域发展,它们会采取不同方式,通过嵌入全球价值链实现国际化发展与升级。从国内外产业集群国际化实践看,通过国际化发展来克服地方发展锁定、解决发展瓶颈问题,不同类型的产业集群在不同发展阶段会采取不同的国际化方式。     

滨海新区全球化关系研究

近年来,全球化的趋势不断加强,世界各国和地区的经济正越来越紧密地联系在一起;同时,产业集群在世界各国迅速发展并对经济发展做出了重要贡献。集群和全球化成为当今世界经济发展的两大趋势。而作为全球化载体的跨国公司,便成为了集群与全球化联系的纽带。以天津滨海新区为例,对当地利用外资情况和产业集群的发展进行分析,并从跨国公司和产业集群的互动角度提出相关的政策建议。     

创新型产业集群的金融支持研究

在经济与金融全球化的背景下,金融支持创新型产业的发展成为产业集群发展领域关注的焦点.本文从创新型产业集群的投融资环境分析出发,提出投融资环境与创新型产业的"共轭双驱"效应,并对创新型产业集群的融资优劣势进行剖析,提出增强创新型产业集群金融支持的具体路径选择,尤其是完善投融资环境与构建自主创新的融资手段.     

地方产业集群国际化发展与区域创新体系的关联研究——基于生命周期和全球价值链的视角

区域创新体系建设与地方产业集群发展的相互作用，是区域经济可持续发展的强大动力。在全球化条件下，二者之间的关联会出现新变化，即区域创新体系促进地方产业集群嵌入全球价值链实现升级，后者也会促进前者进一步完善与发展。本文从生命周期和全球价值链视角，对地方产业集群嵌入全球价值链实现升级与区域创新体系建设之间的关联进行了理论研究。     

我国地方产业集群升级的运行路径

在经济全球化背景下，世界价值链出现了前所未有的垂直分离和整合，产业集群作为区域经济发展的一种载体正快速以不同方式嵌入全球价值链。我国地方产业集群已初具规模，有一定的成本优势；但要实现集群持续地发展与升级，在全球价值链中搜寻、捕捉和创造价值是必由的路径；当然，以不同方式嵌入全球价值链的我国产业集群将面临国内外各种严峻的困难和挑战，最后，文章提出了我国产业集群嵌入全球价值链的思路。     

基于全球价值链视角的浙江纺织产业集群升级路径研究

浙江纺织产业在经济全球化及产业集聚双重影响下,以产业集群的方式融入全球范围的商品生产销售过程,然而浙江纺织产业集群一直是以低成本参与全球价值链.近年来由于金融危机的影响,国内生产成本的提高,致使浙江纺织业比较优势逐渐消失,加之长期处于全球价值链最低端,致使浙江纺织产业的发展遇到了瓶颈,本文从技术创新、标准创新、战略创新等方面提出浙江纺织产业集群升级的路径.     

基于全球价值链视角的地方产业集群国际化发展研究

在经济全球化时代,对于大部分地方产业集群而言,通过嵌入全球价值链实现国际化发展是一个必然过程。本文以价值链理论为基础,以是否嵌入全球价值链为标准,将地方产业集群发展分为内源式和国际化两个阶段,并对地方产业集群国际化发展的类型、方式和程度等进行研究。为了分析转型期发展起来的中国产业集群的国际化发展情况,本文以浙江温州鞋业集群为例,对其进行了实证研究。     

全球价值链视角下我国产业集群升级的思路

产业集群的升级是保证集群长期竞争优势的必然选择。随着经济全球化的发展,任何产业集群都不再是一个封闭的系统,集群已融入全球价值链。我国制造业集群的比较优势在于所拥有的廉价劳动力等资源,这就决定了其在全球价值链的低端,从事劳动密集型或资源密集型的生产加工制造。本文分析了我国制造业集群在全球价值链中的位置,结合全球价值链曲线的形状,提出了产业集群升级的路径,即底端向上的"制造升级",向左右两端高附加值环节的创新升级和集群自身的结构优化升级。     

我国区域经济发展在全球产业链中的定位

伴随着经济全球化及生产全球化的发展,在全球范围内形成了庞大的产业链条,即全球产业链。全球产业链的发展——从不同产业的全球分工,到产业内全球分工,又发展到企业内的全球分工——推动了跨国公司的发展。以跨国公司为载体,资金、人才、技术的全球流动正深刻地改变着世界经济格局。全球产业链是我国的区域经济发展过程中面临的现实,因此,找准在全球产业链中的定位尤显重要。本文将从我国的制造业、产业集群和区域发展三个方面分析我国区域经济在全球产业链中的定位。     

品牌软实力对产业集群发展的影响分析

经济全球化迅速发展的今天,区域经济竞争正逐渐从企业战略层面转向产业集群战略高度,产业集群已成为世界各地区经济发展的主流,我国也必将走向区域产业集群发展的工业化道路。作者认为产业集群发展的关键在于其软实力,尤其是品牌软实力作用的发挥。本文剖析了产业集群的作用与现状,分析品牌软实力内涵及其重要意义,并针对性地提出塑造与提升品牌软实力的途径。     

The impact of local and external university knowledge on the creation of knowledge-intensive firms: evidence from the Italian case

This paper investigates how far in space university knowledge goes to breed the creation of knowledge-intensive firms (KIFs), depending on the nature (either codified or tacit) and quality of this knowledge. We consider the impact of knowledge codified in academic patents and scientific publications and tacit knowledge embodied in university graduates on KIF creation in Italian provinces in 2010, while distinguishing between local university knowledge created by universities located in the same province and external university knowledge created by universities located outside the province. Our econometric estimates indicate that the positive effects of scientific publications and university graduates are confined within the boundaries of the province in which universities are located. Conversely, the creation of new KIFs in a focal province is positively affected by both local and external university knowledge codified in academic patents, even though the positive effect of this external knowledge rapidly diminishes with geographic distance. Furthermore, the above effects are confined to high-quality universities; low-quality universities have little effect on KIF creation.     

我国文化贸易出口及其影响因素实证研究

随着我国经济发展水平的不断提高,文化贸易在国际市场上的占有率显著提高。文化贸易出口的增加有助于优化对外贸易结构、拉动就业、促进文化产业"走出去"、参与国际文化交流与互通、提升一国文化"软实力"。我国作为文化贸易大国,文化产品出口额逐年攀升,现阶段文化产品出口主要以设计类文化产品和工艺美术类产品为主。实证研究发现,我国经济发展水平、文化生产要素的投入与产品出口呈正相关关系,贸易对象国的经济发展状况影响本国居民的需求,进而影响其对文化产品的消费,基于上述分析,从文化产业生产周期角度对文化产品出口提出针对性建议。     

Global strategies of European firms

In this research four internationally operating business units of European multinational corporations are studied from a global strategy content perspective. In opposition to large parts of the existing global strategy literature, the observed pattern of strategic behavior exclusively related to neither prevailing generic strategies nor to any of the different content-oriented approaches to global strategy. Based on the empirical evidence, a taxonomy of four types of global strategies is identified. The taxonomy proposes to distinguish global strategies along two key dimensions: internal source of competitive advantage generation (upstream, downstream) and external focus of competitive advantage exploitation (country centered, country transcending).     

“新经济”条件下国际性通货紧缩产生的原因及其新特征

由于全球经济一体化浪潮,经济系统中突现出许多本质不同的特征,这不仅导致各国经济变化存在很大相关性,甚至连政策变化也不例外,从而使得基于孤立的一个国家视角的通货紧缩研究具有很大的局限性。立足于全球经济一体化的观点和“新经济”思想,定性地考察国际性通货紧缩产生的实质原因,从而阐明其与“新经济”的内在关联。     

The external wealth of nations mark II: Revised and extended estimates of foreign assets and liabilities, 1970-2004

We construct estimates of external assets and liabilities for 145 countries for 1970-2004. We describe our estimation methods and key features of the data at the country and global level. We focus on trends in net and gross external positions, and the composition of international portfolios. We document the increasing importance of equity financing and the improvement in the external position for emerging markets, and the differing pace of financial integration between advanced and developing economies. We also show the existence of a global discrepancy between estimated foreign assets and liabilities, and identify the asset categories accounting for this discrepancy.     

产融结合进程、研究动态与发展趋势——基于我国经济体制改革的逻辑

改革开放以来,我国走出了一条不同于英美的市场主导型、德日的银行主导型和韩国的政府主导型产融结合之路.目前我国企业集团的产融结合呈现出央企挑大梁、地方国企崛起、民营企业集团争持金融牌照的态势,新兴高科技互联网企业利用技术优势新晋产融结合.本文遵循制度-体制-机制的演化规律,研究发现我国产融结合的广度和深度与经济体制改革紧密相关,具有鲜明的阶段性特征,历经萌发期、形成期和发展期几个阶段.因此,在我国当前经济发展新常态和全面深化改革要求下,产融结合应从系统性、协同性、突破性和前瞻性四个方面作更深入的研究.     

Subsidiary strategy of emerging market multinationals: A home country institutional perspective

We examine the effects of home country institutional factors, namely, home country government support, domestic institutional weaknesses, and state ownership on the subsidiary-level strategy of global integration (I) and local responsiveness (R) of emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs). We draw upon the home country institution-based view and the I/R framework to develop our theoretical model. We empirically test our hypotheses using an original new survey data collected from Chinese multinational subsidiary managers supplemented with parent-level and country-level data. We find that home country government support and domestic institutional weaknesses have significant and negative effects on global integration strategy of Chinese multinational subsidiaries. On the other hand, domestic institutional weaknesses push foreign subsidiaries to pursue local responsiveness strategy. Nevertheless, those with greater degree of state ownership in their parent firms are neither willing to disintegrate from their parent firms nor motivated to pursue local responsiveness strategy in order to deal with home country institutional deficiencies and develop new sources of competitiveness in foreign markets. Our findings have advanced the literature on subsidiary strategy in the context of EMNEs, and provide important implications for subsidiary managers and policy makers.     

基于创新视角下的地方政府在产业集群升级中的有效行为探讨

席卷全球的金融危机在冲击金融体系的同时,也深深的冲击了各国的实体经济。如何减少危机对各国实体产业的影响,增强产业抵抗全球风险的能力,是各国政府迫切需要面对的问题。就我国而言,转变过去粗放型的产业发展模式,推动产业升级是必然选择。作为产业发展的核心要素,创新在推动产业集群升级中地位重要。推动创新的发生与发展步伐,加快集群升级进程,地方政府的作用不可或缺。     

Flower Export Barriers: A Comparative Study in Colombia,Mexico and Ecuador

Export of goods and services is one of the most common ways of internationalization performed by companies. This activity associates various obstacles, internal factors that depend of the firm’s performance, and external environment factors in which firm is involved. Based on the perspective of flower firms located in Colombia, Mexico and Ecuador, this article prioritizes the barriers they face for positioning themselves in the global market. Governmental factors are the obstacle perceived greater interference in external forces, while in the internal forces are the operational factors, although there are considerable differences in the assigned weights in each country.     

基于价值链的制造业企业生产性服务发展策略研究

随着全球产业结构由"工业型经济"向"服务型经济"的转型,生产性服务作为服务业的主导,因为具有高成长、高集聚、高辐射、高就业的特征而迅猛发展。目前,我国很多制造业企业由于缺乏对生产性服务的正确认识与合理的资金投入,仍然处于制造业价值链的低端。从企业价值链和产业价值链的角度入手,对制造业内具有代表性的企业进行实证研究,为制造业企业发展生产性服务提供合理的建议。