河南省工业化与城市化协调发展研究

运用工业化与城市化关系的一般理论,西方详细分析了河南省工业化与城市化的发展现状,指出当前河南省工业化、城市化所处的发展阶段与特点、城市化滞后于工业化以及城市化发展的动力机制等。在此基础上,西方进一步提出了加速河南省工业化与城市化协调发展的战略对策。     

改革开放以来中国工业化与城市化协调发展分析

在阐述工业化与城市化协调发展涵义的基础上，引用了协调度概念，建立了工业化综合水平指数与城市化综合水平指数之间协调度模型，并对1978年以来的中国区域工业化与城市化协调发展的时空分布进行了分析。研究结果显示：①从时间上看，我国工业化与城市化基本经历了两个明显的阶段，即1978-1991年是我国工业化与城市化不协调发展时期，而1992-2001年是基本协调发展时期；②从空间上看，我国区域工业化与城市化协调发展明显存在着地带性差异：东部地区的大部分省区协调发展程度较高，中西部除了少数省区协调发展程度较高外，其它大部分省区的协调发展都较低；③我国省区的工业化与城市化协调发展的地区分布和区域经济发展水平存在很大的空间对应关系，即经济发展水平高的省区的协调发展程度相对较高，而经济发展水平相对较低省区协调发展相对较低。     

陕西关中地区城市化的路径选择

20世纪末以来,陕西关中地区城市化的进程逐渐加快,但从关中地区在陕西经济社会发展中的地位和作用看,城市化仍显得比较迟缓,存在城市化水平偏低、城市规模结构不合理、城市化主要靠内部拉力、城市建设质量不高等问题。其原因在于农业经济发展缓慢、城市化与工业化不协调、高新技术产业和第三产业处于起步阶段、投融资体制改革滞后等。加快关中地区城市化的步伐,必须优化城市布局、城市化与工业化互动发展、统筹城乡经济协调发展、着力搞好城市经营、创新城市投融资方式等。     

实现乡镇企业合理聚集 促进城市化同工业化协调发展

乡镇企业合理聚集是影响城市化与工业化协调发展的重要因素,所以分析影响乡镇企业合理聚集的因素时促进城市化与工业化协调发展有积极的现实意义。市场分割扭曲了乡镇企业聚集收益同聚集成本的关系,导致了乡镇企业不充分的聚集,造成城市化发展滞后。因此必须打破分割市场的各种壁垒,以一体化市场来实现乡镇企业的合理聚集规模,进而促进我国城市化同工业化协调发展。     

对小城镇发展和建设问题的思考

工业化和城市化是现代社会发展的一般规律。人口向城镇集中以及产业的非农业化是经济发展与社会进步的重要标志。随着我国的城市化进程,城市数量的增加,特别是小城市的增加,将会保持较快的发展趋势。在此条件下,小城镇作为城市与农村的重要结合点,直接体现着农村经济社会的总体水平,也是实现城乡统筹发展的重点。文章通过对我国城市化特征和小城镇发展趋势的分析,探讨了小城镇发展从根本上解决“三农”问题,促进城、镇、村经济社会的协调发展。     

技术创新与制度创新并举的发展道路--关于新型工业化道路的探讨

党的十六大报告提出的走新型工业化道路,为我国今后经济社会发展厘定了一条正确路径。但是,在学习和探讨这条全新的发展道路时,存在偏重工业化发展的技术路线,忽视制度建设的倾向,并存在结合我国实际情况不足的问题。从这一基本判断出发,我国的新型工业化道路至少应包括市场化、城市化、信息化、城乡一体化、跨越式发展、可持续发展、服务业适度超前发展、经济社会协调发展等八个方面的特征。     

江西工业化与城市化互动发展探索

工业化、城市化是经济和社会发展走向现代化的必然过程,是经济和社会发展的客观规律。发达地区与欠发达地区经济社会发展水平的差距,主要体现在工业化、城市化水平的差异上。江西工业化、城市化水平比较落后,促进工业化与城市化良性互动,加快工业化、城市化进程,成为江西新时期发展的主要任务。     

工业化、城市化与人口集聚分析——以长春市为例

中国正处于工业化和城市化快速发展的时期,人口集聚作为城市化与工业化发展的引擎已经获得普遍的认可,但是不同地区工业化和城市化是否有利于人口集聚却值得商榷。通过构建向量自回归模型,分析长春市城市化、工业化与人口集聚之间的动态关系。结果显示,长春市城市化水平的提高对人口集聚有显著的促进作用;长春市的城市化水平滞后于工业化发展水平;长春市现阶段的工业化发展不利于就业水平的提高,会阻滞人口集聚;人口结构问题和“农民工市民化”问题,在一定程度上限制了人口集聚对城市化的促进作用。在此基础上,提出走内涵型城市化之路,以及实现城市化与工业化协调发展等对策建议。     

辽宁省工业化与城市化间互动关系的实证分析

对辽宁省的工业化水平、工业结构、城市化水平以及工业化与城市化的互动关系等进行了实证研究。研究结果显示:辽宁省的工业化率对城市化率存在显著的正向影响,但两者间的相关系数和回归系数相对偏低。提出应加快产业结构升级,发展服务业和扶持中小企业,以提升非农产业就业人员比重,带动工业化与城市化的协调发展。     

中国县域经济发展的六大挑战

中国县域经济今后十年内发展主线就是不断推动工业化、城市化与农业现代化;而工业化是带动城市化与农业现代化的龙头;因而可以说县域经济下一个十年的重点就在于如何处理好工业化、城市化、农业现代化三者之间的关系,以工业化带动三化的协调发展。具体而言这些挑战就是政府资源的有限性与县域经济发展;农业现代化和工业协调发展;工业发展与农业稳定的关系;工业反哺农业、城乡统筹和工业劳动力需求;县域劳动力素质与产业升级;产业聚集发展与企业成本;可持续发展与工业发展。     

企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研及对策思考

在对福建省企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研的基础上,提出构建可操作的“三层次四模块”诚信意识培育新模式,推进人本化管理理念的渗透,加强人文关怀和心理疏导,以实现思想政治工作诚信意识培育的目标。     

中国经济的内外均衡与财税改革

我国经常项目持续的大规模顺差,给国民经济的健康发展带来一系列的不利影响。在前人研究的基础上,通过对各种影响因素进行分类拆解,本文试图从理论和实证角度说明长期的储蓄-消费失衡是造成我国贸易顺差的一个重要原因,而其背后的根本原因是由于企业可支配收入相对于劳动者报酬不断提高带来的收入结构和储蓄结构失衡。我国当前企业未分配收入大幅增长的原因可以归结为企业利润率"虚高"和国企"不分红"问题。只有从体制上解决这个问题,才能使储蓄降低到适当的水平,通过拉动内需消除我国过大的贸易顺差,从根本上解决内外经济比例失衡问题。     

森林资源规划设计调查总结与反思

森林资源规划设计调查是为国家、地区及森林经营单位制定林业方针政策,编制林业区划、规划、计划,指导林业生产而提供基础资源数据,为实现森林资源合理经营、科学管理、永续利用、持续发展,充分发挥森林生态效益、经济效益、社会效益服务。森林资源调查的任务是全面查清森林资源数量、质量变化及其消长变化状况、规律,进行综合分析和评价,准确提供所需有关森林资源调查成果资料。基于森林资源二类调查的重要性和今后调查工作顺利开展的需要,调查之后的总结与反思尤为重要。     

Homogeneity and Heterogeneity Within and Across Boundaries and Shorelines: Ensemble of Darwin's Finches and Human Transaction Types

Synopsis: In the most famous example of the biological process of adaptive radiation, two forces explain the fourteen distinct species of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos and Cocos Islands: First, populations adapt to their respective distinct ecological environments. Second, previously separated populations come in contact and may adapt to mitigate inter-species competition. The result is a complex pattern of homogeneity and heterogeneity among the birds, both on a single island and across islands. This pattern reflects the finches' adaptations both to the distinct ecological conditions created by the visible shorelines that separate the islands' niches and to the finches' own less-visible cultural and societal shorelines. The New Institutional Economics highlights the fact that human institutional infrastructures also exhibit complex homogeneities and heterogeneities, as we adapt those infrastructures to accomplish the tasks at hand in distinct geographic and societal contexts. Mixes of both state enforcement and self-enforcement, through inter-temporal, inter-issue, and inter-actor linkages, provide support and enforcement for transactions; and those mixes differ across transactions and across states. When transactions occur across state or cultural shorelines, institutional infrastructures must be flexible enough to accommodate those differences, without allowing the differences to become disguised protectionism or barriers to competition. These issues contribute to many of the regulatory disputes associated with ‘globalization’. We briefly consider two concrete recent examples: (1) the European Union–United States ‘Safe Harbor’ Agreement that regulates firms' policies toward Internet-data privacy; and (2) international trade policy negotiations over regulation of ‘geographical indications’ (for example, Champagne or Roquefort) as means of assuring product quality for processed foods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Classical and Neoclassical harmonies and dissonances

Abstract

Proofs are given that only singularly can real 1750 – 2007 competitive price ratios be ‘natural', in the sense of being invariant under changes in demand tastes. Proofs are given that both 1750 – 1870 discrete technologies or 1890 – 2007 continuum technologies, with convexity properties sufficient for arbitrage-proof supply-demand equilibria, will be ‘intertemporally Pareto optimal', immune to leaving any deadweight (inefficient) losses on the table. Sraffa (1960), ignoring the vast post-1945 linear and non-linear programming mathematical literature of Danzig, Kuhn-Tucker-Bellman, von Neumann, Ramsey literature does not quite arrive at attainable distribution solutions. Where it tolerates increasing or decreasing returns to scale, there can be no competitive equilibria. When its matrix equations do obey first-degree-homogeneous functions, the book's stress on Basics or non-Basics is an irrelevancy leading to bizarre novel interpretations of Ricardo.

Old age overtakes us all. Alas, Sraffs's proposed critique of twentieth century political economy we will never be able to know.     

Sen and Commons on Markets and Freedom

Amartya Sen's enlarged conception of freedom has augmented the scope of economic analysis but it also has had the surprising effect of being more supportive of the free market than conventional welfare economics. It is argued here that a comparison of Sen's position with that of the American institutionalist, J R Commons, highlights some problems with Sen's approach and points to possible ways in which they might be addressed.     

Globalization and taxation: Theory and evidence

We construct a theoretical model to capture the compensation and efficiency effects of globalization in a set up where the redistributive tax rate is chosen by the median voter. The model predicts that the two alternative modes of globalization- trade liberalization and financial openness- could potentially have different effects on taxation. We then provide some empirical evidence on the relationship between taxation and the alternative modes of globalization using a large cross-country panel data set. On average, globalization is associated with lower taxation but there is some evidence that in countries with high capital-labor ratio, globalization is associated with increased taxation. We make a distinction between de jure and de facto measures of globalization and find a strong negative relationship between taxation and de jure measures of globalization. The results for de facto measures of globalization are mixed.     

Finance and inequality: Channels and evidence

We provide a framework to interpret the recent literature on financial development and inequality. In many developing countries, access to funding and financial services by firms and households is still very skewed. Recent evidence suggests that poor access does not only reflect economic constraints but also barriers erected by insiders. Inequality affects the distribution of political influence, so financial regulation often is easily captured by established interests in unequal countries. Captured reforms deepen rather than broaden access, as small elites obtain most of the benefits while risks are socialized. Financial liberalization motivated to increase access may in practice increase fragility and inequality, and lead to political backlash against reforms. Thus financial reforms may succeed only if matched by a buildup in oversight institutions. Journal of Comparative Economics 35 (4) (2007) 748–773.     

美国、日本产业政策:比较分析与启示

现阶段,在吸取美国、日本经验的基础上,我国产业结构调整应主要依靠市场机制进行调节,同时辅之以宏观政策,尽快使我国的产业结构优化,即产业结构的合理化、高级化。     

The Performance of Public and Private Enterprise under Conditions of Active and Passive Ownership and Competition and Monopoly

Privatisation is driven by the belief that public ownership is cost inefficient, in particular under monopoly. However, some theoretical and empirical studies have questioned whether privatisation will necessarily lead to efficiency gains. This paper focuses on the impact of ownership when owners can be either active or passive. Active owners decide on output, whereas passive owners delegate this decision to a risk-averse manager. It turns out that managerial slack as reflected in the marginal costs will actually be the same or higher in a private monopoly than under public ownership. The impact of entry is theoretically ambiguous, but an increased number of firms in an oligopoly may lead to lower efficiency.