论科技失灵与环境管理制度的完善——以科技规制为视角

科技失灵不是导致环境危机的主要原因,但在现代社会,科技失灵或技术异化给地球环境带来了较大的影响却是不容忽视的。深入分析了科技失灵与现代环境危机之间的关系,认为科技失灵是导致现代环境危机的重要原因,提出应摒弃科技发展中的功利主义与经济优先观念,确立生态优先主义与生态整体性原则,并针对科技失灵情境下环境管理制度的完善给出了具体对策建议。     

论绿色经济学的三种范式

绿色经济学有三种范式:主流经济学范式中的"浅绿色"的资源与环境经济学的范式,生态阈限为前提、保护生态资本的生态主义的"深绿色"生态经济学范式,以人与自然内在统一为前提、根本改造资本制度的生态社会主义的生态经济学的红绿结合的范式。第一种范式是改良主义的范式,后两种属于"革命范式"。     

生态智慧研究：历史、发展与方向

为应对人类世背景下日益严峻的环境问题，生态智慧概念得到了人居环境研究者的广泛关注。但生态智慧研究仍处于起步阶段，其科学支撑、研究范畴和发展方向仍不清晰。回顾“生态智慧”概念的发展，发现其与环境运动和可持续性科学联系紧密。通过文献计量与分析，验证了以人居环境学科为主体的生态智慧研究领域已初步形成，但存在与现代实践联系不紧密的问题。提出生态智慧迭代演进的概念框架和挖掘传统生态智慧、完善地域性生态技术合集、开展设计实践、建立生态智慧导向的评估指标体系，以及参与生态美学教育5个风景园林师可以促进生态智慧研究的重要方向。     

生态文明的环境权利时代

环境权是人类在面对传统文明尤其是工业文明时代所"酿造"的种种环境问题和环境危机而提出的旨在追求良好环境品质享受的新型权利要求,是人类社会从工业文明时代进化到生态文明时代所催生出来的权利。     

西方主流经济学的范式危机

长期以来倡导并践行西方主流经济学的美国发生了金融危机并影响着全球经济,更加凸显对当代西方主流经济学范式及其危机予以剖析的重要性。西方主流经济学的范式危机体现于"现象经济学"倾向、方法论的形式化、环境假定的绝对化、"价值中立"的先天不足,以及均衡分析和静态分析的有限性等方面。西方主流经济学的范式危机,预示着其进一步演化的转换方向。     

现代工业文明与全球生态危机的根源

自从20世纪60年代美国生物学家蕾切尔卡逊发表惊世之作《寂静的春天》以来,关于生态危机与人类续存的反思已成为当代社会的共同话题。越来越多的学者相信"全球生态环境恶化将是21世纪人类面临的长期的、最大的敌人"。回顾整个生态崩溃的历史可以发现,生态问题成为危机与现代工业文明的发展具有极高的同步性。伴随着资本主义制度的扩张而迈向顶峰的现代工业文明把追求     

整合与超越:新全球化时代经济学范式探微

世界正发生着从"旧全球化时代"向"新全球化时代"的重大转变.伴随这一时代转折,建立在传统工业文明基础上的经济学正面临着研究范式的挑战,因为它已经不能适应以高科技为先导,以科技成果的商品化、产业化、国际化为特征的新时代所遇到的各种复杂问题.其研究范式急需进行整合与超越,交往实践观为其提供了新的视域和新的理论范式.     

环境经济地理学研究进展

随着经济全球化、工业化与城市化的快速推进,全球面临着气候变暖、资源能源枯竭与生态环境破坏等危机,将环境问题纳入经济地理分析框架下的环境经济地理学应运而生,将为缓解全球环境危机以及实现经济绿色可持续转型提供新视角。环境经济地理学概念在2004年德国科隆举行的环境经济地理学会议上被首次提出,试图采用演化制度主义理论与绿色技术-经济范式,将环境因素融入经济地理分析之中,旨在修复自然地理与人文地理的裂痕,克服环境与经济"鱼和熊掌不可兼得"的零和博弈难题,使得探讨经济、社会、环境与技术子系统的互动机制和正和博弈成为可能。本文首先介绍了环境经济地理学兴起的背景,进一步对其理论基础与技术-经济范式变革进行总结,然后重点综述了环境经济地理学研究的两大核心主题:环境问题对经济(空间)活动的影响以及经济(空间)活动的环境效应。最后,本文对环境经济地理学的理论前沿与未来需要关注的问题进行展望。     

城市韧性研究的巴斯德范式剖析

进入21世纪以来，城市韧性研究日益兴起，理论累积也达到了一定程度，现如何开展基于生态实践智慧的城市韧性研究，使其从理论探索走向实践研究显得尤为重要。从生态实践智慧的首选研究范式——巴斯德范式的视角出发，通过Web of Science和中国知网两大平台检索城市韧性相关中英文文献，对文献进行研究范式分类统计分析，探讨了城市韧性研究中玻尔范式盛行的现象和原因，并提出了城市韧性巴斯德范式研究的建议。     

生态文明视野下可持续发展的未来路径

从联合国通过“千年发展目标”到2030可持续发展目标的制定,全球可持续发展已经取得了阶段性进展,但可持续发展目标的实现仍面临着诸多困难和挑战,是世界各国未来发展面临的根本性问题之一。目前存在着以强弱可持续为特征的生态经济范式,以浅绿、深绿和红绿为代表的政治哲学范式,不同学科与境下的交叉融通范式等不同视角的可持续发展理论范式,但这些理论范式在助推可持续发展目标实现的过程中仍存在不足之处。中国生态文明代表了一种新的理论范式,在文明形态、发展维度、生态向度和实践深度各方面都有所创新。展望后2020时代,生态文明在宏观上引领可持续发展思想理念新路径,在中观上引领可持续发展实践行动新路径,在微观上引领实现全球可持续发展新路径。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.