资本跨期效应下中国区域 能源—经济—环境效率研究

本文运用含有动态要素的SBM方向性距离函数测度了资本动态效应下中国30个省份1998—2011年的能源—经济—环境（3E）效率及其成分,并利用随机效应面板Tobit模型分析了3E效率的影响因素。主要结论有：将30个省份分为表现最好、稳中有升、稳中有降、进步最快和表现最差五个组,并分别基于其特点制定相应的3E发展战略;考虑资本跨期效应,可以从技术上避免资本存量和其他要素的效率被低估;环境排放效率都是3E效率提升的制约因素,我国各省（市区）减排工作的压力远远大于节能和经济增长工作的压力;经济发展、产业制度、创新效率、能源强度、禀赋结构、能源结构、引进外资程度、环境管制力度对我国3E效率有显著影响,地方财政支出和就业人员教育程度则能显著提升能源投入和环境排放效率。     

能源-经济-环境(3E)系统和谐度评价研究——以河北省为例

能源系统与经济系统、环境系统存在着相互影响、相互制约的发展关系,三者的和谐发展是3E系统发展的最终目标。河北省3E系统整体和谐度处在初级和谐的状态,为此河北省应该进一步加大经济发展速度,同时延续节能减排和产业结构优化政策不放松,从而使能源系统、经济系统和环境系统和谐发展。     

碳减排约束下的能源利用效率研究

气候变化已经成为全球关注的焦点,中国作为最大的二氧化碳排放国,明显受到国际减排压力。中国正处在快速工业化的发展阶段,高能耗、高排放、粗放式经济增长等都是现阶段经济发展基本特征,提高能源利用效率是减少能源消耗强度、缓解当前和今后能源供求结构矛盾、促进经济持续稳定增长的重要手段。目前研究国内能源效率的文献大多没有考虑中国节能减排的政策压力。而我国2009年发布的2020年碳强度比2005年下降40%~45%的硬约束,显然可能对各行业的能源利用效率产生影响。由此,利用超效率DEA模型,测算了我国主要能耗行业在碳减排约束下的能源利用效率,发现碳减排约束下能源效率低于无约束下的能源效率。     

节能减排政策与合肥科技创新环境分析

能源、资源、环境是人类生存和发展的基础.节能减排就是节约能源、降低能源消耗、减少污染物排放.目前,我国经济快速增长,各项建设取得巨大成就,但也付出了巨大的资源和环境被破坏的代价.我国的自然资源浪费比较严重,中国的能源使用效率仅为美国的26.9%,日本的11.5%.中国的资源环境承载能力已接近极限,自然环境和人类社会都承受不住,只有坚持节能减排、清洁生产,才能实现经济的快速发展.我国节能减排工作进展很快,节能减排的成功推进离不开科技创新,以科技创新提高对资源的利用效率.科技创新需要良好的培育环境,节能减排需要完善的节能减排政策做保障,节能减排政策是我国长期坚持的战略选择,对经济将产生深远的影响.本文重点分析节能减排政策,并对合肥市科技创新的发展环境进行分析,提出了优化合肥市科技创新环境的建议.     

电动汽车3E评价与协调发展探析

电动汽车相对于传统的燃油汽车而言,具有显著的节能减排效果,其发展已成为各方关注的焦点。本文通过评价电动汽车对经济、能源、环境3E体系的影响,揭示了经济、能源、环境三位一体在电动汽车发展中的内在规律与联系,以追求3E系统整体效益最大化为原则和目的,提出了电动汽车的3E协调发展建议。     

北京市低碳经济发展状况分析

对2005~2010年间北京市CO2排放和碳强度进行了测算,并利用LMDI指数分解法对历年碳排放量和碳强度差异进行了因素分解。研究结果表明:(1)2005年到2010年北京市碳排放总量基本呈上升趋势,但能源强度和碳排放强度呈下降趋势;(2)北京市经济和人口增长是碳排放量增加的主要原因,节能减排的推进和能源消费结构的变化减缓了碳排放总量的增长速度;(3)产业部门能源强度因素和产业结构效应是北京市碳排放强度下降的主导因素,碳强度效应(即能源结构效应)对碳排放强度变动的降低效果不明显。     

“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案

一、节能减排总体要求和主要目标 （一）总体要求。以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,坚持降低能源消耗强度、减少主要污染物排放总量、合理控制能源消费总量相结合,形成加快转变经济发展方式的倒逼机制;坚持强化责任、健全法制、完善政策、加强监管相结合,建立健全激励和约束机制;     

东北地区温室气体减排的经济对策——以吉林省为例

温室气体减排已作为约束性指标列入我国国民经济和社会发展中长期规划,是我国各省级行政单位的工作目标之一。东北地区是我国高碳排放区,温室气体减排压力较大。以2005年和2010年吉林省温室气体排放量核算数据为依据,分析吉林省温室气体排放总量、排放强度及主要排放来源,提出控制能源产业碳排放量过快增长、发展低碳能源产业和碳汇项目等节能减排的经济对策。     

中国能源利用的经济效率、环境绩效与节能减排潜力

本文采用全要素方法,将环境污染(二氧化碳排放和二氧化硫排放)作为能源利用经济产出的环境成本纳入研究框架,运用2000～2007年中国省际面板数据,选取基于投入导向的CCR-DEA模型,测算了中国29个省份能源利用的经济效率并度量了其环境绩效,在此基础上计算得到中国各省份的节能减排潜力;分析了中国东、中、西部三大地区之间的效率差异并采用Tobit模型检验了中国节能减排能力的影响因素。得出的主要结论包括(1)当前中国能源利用的经济效率及其环境绩效整体水平都偏低,尚具有很大的提升空间;(2)中国各省份、三大地区的能效及其环境绩效发展都显著不平衡,节能减排潜力巨大;(3)经济发展水平对一个地区的节能减排能力有显著影响,而促进技术进步、优化经济结构和能源结构是当前提升中国节能减排能力的主要途径。     

环境规制对中国全要素能源效率的影响——基于省际面板数据的实证检验

环境规制实际上形成提高节能减排效率的倒逼机制,对建设"两型社会"具有不可替代的作用。本文以全国29个省级单位2000-2010年面板数据为样本,测算并对比两种情形下我国全要素能源效率值,利用Tobit模型计算了环境规制对全国和区域全要素能源效率指数的影响。研究发现:(1)环境污染会使全要素能源效率值降低,我国全要素能源效率指数经历了波动和下降两个阶段,区域全要素能源效率值和收敛性存在差异;(2)经济结构和FDI对全要素能源效率影响显著,但影响效果存在区域差异;(3)环境规制相关变量对全要素能源效率影响存在较大差异,根据其回归系数和显著性分为四类(需要加大投入的指标、需要区域差异化的指标、需要完善和优化的指标以及需要审慎选择的指标)。最后,根据研究结论提出了相关政策建议。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。