Trade Costs and Intra-Industry Trade

Formal economic modeling of intra-industry trade ignores transportation or, more broadly, trade costs. Yet, as Anderson and van Wincoop (2004) suggest, trade costs are quite large. This paper extends work by Bergstrand (1990) that addressed intra-industry trade in the explicit presence of trade costs. In the context of a Helpman–Krugman-cum-trade-costs model, we derive four empirically testable hypotheses regarding intra-industry trade and trade costs. These hypotheses are investigated empirically using a cross-section of bilateral OECD Grubel–Lloyd indexes. The results are strongly in accordance with the hypotheses, indicating the importance of a more rigorous and systematic treatment of trade costs in the intra-industry trade literature. JEL no. F14, F15     

“出口导向”贸易战略回眸与下一步“中性”贸易战略的提出

出口导向的对外贸易发展战略已不能适应我国对外贸易发展的需要。为优化资源配置效率,改善出口国际环境,我国可实行中性贸易战略。中性贸易战略包括通过国际规范的政策措施推动出口贸易的发展、加快制定并实施进口策略、实施有管理的贸易自由化政策。以及挖掘大国的国内市场优势等。     

中日经贸摩擦的增加与中日经贸关系的发展

中日两国的经贸关系在中国整个对外经贸关系中占有重要地位，双方互为重要经贸合作伙伴。然而，由于种种原因，90年代后期以来，中日经贸摩擦不断，使中日经贸关系在总体上陷于停滞甚至后退状态。双方应认识到彼此在经济上的互补性，取长补短，共同发展。     

Discussion on the Suitability of Strategic Trade Policy in China

One theory of strategic trade policies is about the profit shifts theory by ＂harming others to benefit oneself＇. This strategic trade policy is that one country takes its losses to other countries as in ＂using neighbor＇s field as a drain＂. This kind of trade policy may suffer the resistance and vindictiveness of other countries. Under these terms of effective large-scale production, the unperfected market structure and the transition stages of its economic system, China can＇t adopt this strategic trade policy blindly.     

Do Global Trade Distortions Still Harm Developing Country Farmers?

We estimate the impact of global merchandise trade distortions and services regulations on agricultural value added in various countries. Using the latest versions of the GTAP database and the GTAP-AGR model of the global economy, our results suggest real net farm incomes would rise in developing countries with a move to free trade, thereby alleviating rural poverty—despite a terms of trade deterioration for some developing countries that are net food importers or are enjoying preferential access to agricultural markets of high-income countries. We also show, for several large developing countries, the contribution of their own versus other countries’ trade policies. JEL no. C68, D58, F17, Q17     

关于会展业发展的思考与对策

会展业经济对促进经济发展起到越来越大的作用，必须引起各级政府和企业的高度重视，加大对会展业投入，调整和加强相关产业政策，加大扶持力度。     

我国自贸试验区贸易便利化改革的实践经验与借鉴——以上海、广东、天津、福建自贸试验区为例

自由贸易试验区是中国改革开放的重要试验田和进一步对外开放的压力测试区,自2013年上海自由贸易试验区设立以来,5年来自由贸易试验区在贸易便利化领域的改革实现较大突破和取得一定成效。本文主要介绍自贸试验区贸易便利化改革的相关措施以及实施成效,包括上海、福建自贸试验区国际贸易单一窗口的实施成效,上海、广东、天津、福建自贸试验区贸易监管模式的创新,广东、福建自贸试验区在港澳台通关一体化合作的进展以期对自贸试验区相关政策经验的复制推广有所启示。     

美国的经济增长模式及对中美贸易的影响

自20世纪90年代以来,美国巨额的贸易逆差和经济的持续增长并行不悖。在美国的经济增长模式中,消费具有较高的投入产出效益,是政策导向的重中之重,这也必然使美国背负巨大的债务。中美贸易顺差已经成为美国经济增长模式运行的一个部分,深受其影响。对其中的负面影响,中国需要未雨绸缪,早作准备。     

Lean Hong Kong Harvest and the Doha Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations

Abstract

The biennial Ministerial Conferences are the most important event of the WTO regime. The Hong Kong Ministerial Conference was the sixth biennial conference of the WTO, which aimed at a low-level equilibrium and achieved it. While it successfully eschewed another Cancún-like disappointing failure, the Hong Kong Ministerial did not achieve much of substance. If success is defined as not failing, the Hong Kong Ministerial Conference could be adjudged a success. Few bold decisions were attempted and important outstanding decisions were put off for the future. Liberalization of multilateral trade in agriculture was the most important as well as the most contentious issue in Hong Kong. A good number of significant secondary areas were also under negotiations. Core modalities that were to be determined on these issues in Hong Kong were not. A reasonably successful Hong Kong Ministerial Conference would have helped in advancing the Doha Round, which in turn would have meant welfare gains to the global economy, and its different regions and sub-regions. This opportunity was evidently missed.     

数字贸易规则:关键议题、现实挑战与构建策略

建立和完善数字贸易发展的制度框架是国际贸易领域重要的新兴议题,也是各国对WTO改革最关切的议题之一。跨境数据流动、数字税收、数据(设施)本地化、数字贸易市场准入、数字知识产权保护以及跨境电商便利化是建立全球数字贸易框架的关键议题。目前,跨境数据流动共识规则缺失,数字产品或服务征税争议较大,数据(设施)本地化立场不同,云计算服务分类和准入存在分歧,保护数字知识产权诉求较多,贸易便利化规则尚不明确。中国支持全球各国在WTO框架下开展数字贸易新议题、新规则的谈判,具体建议包括:确立WTO在解决跨境数据流动问题上的核心地位;建立鼓励创新、兼顾公平的数字税收规则;建立以保障网络安全为基础的数据本地化规则;尊重各国在数字领域市场准入方面的关切;合理保护数字知识产权;积极促进数字贸易便利化。     

Political Economy of US Trade Policy towards China

The trade relationship between China and the USA has become increasingly important to the economies of both countries. The recent trade conflicts and friction between China and the USA constitute obstacles in the way of US—Chinese bilateral trade relationship development, which is of considerable concern to both countries. Through an in‐depth analysis of the political process of US trade policy towards China, the present paper identifies the important determinants of US trade policy towards China. The influence of US trade policy on the trade relationship between the USA and China is assessed and implications for the trade relationship between the USA and China are discussed.     

福建省经济发展和进出口贸易的研究

回顾了国内外学者对经济增长与对外贸易的关系所进行的研究,利用福建省1981-2007年国内生产总值、出口总额、进口总额的数据进行协整分析和Granger因果检验。实证分析的结果表明：①福建省国内生产总值、出口总额、进口总额之间存在长期稳定的关系。②福建省的经济增长、出口增长、进口增长之间不存在Granger因果关系。     

贸易模式结构变化与我国经济增长

本文主要是分析贸易模式结构的变化,即中国产业内贸易变化趋势对中国经济增长的促进作用,通过分析产业内贸易促进经济增长的机制,以及相关的数据实证分析得出结论,并提出政策上的建议。     

论现代贸易壁垒对我国影响及应对之策

近年来,我国出口的外部环境日益严峻,以技术贸易壁垒为核心的现代贸易壁垒对我国出口贸易的影响愈加严重。现代贸易壁垒已成为我国对外贸易的最大障碍。文章分析了现代贸易壁垒产生的原因及背景,以及它所含的主要内容和对我国的影响,并提出了应对之策。     

服务贸易对浙江经济发展的协整分析

作为国际贸易的重要组成部分,服务贸易在我国经济活动中占据着越来越重要的位置。扩大服务贸易,对于优化外贸出口结构、促进产业结构调整和经济发展具有深远影响。文章以1997-2010年浙江省服务贸易进、出口额与GDP数据,从实证角度分析服务贸易对浙江经济发展的影响,结果发现服务贸易与浙江经济增长存在长期协整关系。服务贸易进、出口与浙江经济增长存在正相关,服务贸易进口对浙江经济发展的影响大于服务贸易出口对其的影响。     

从中国-东盟自贸区的建设看中国经济外交

经济外交是总体外交的重要组成部分,是新形势下中国外交维护和发展国家利益的有力措施。经过多年实践,中国的经济外交工作取得了长足的进步,为促进总体外交的发展以及推进国家各项战略的实施做出了巨大的贡献。中国与东盟自由贸易区的建设是中国经济外交中成功的案例之一,它不仅反映出中国经济外交的特点,而且对中国的和平发展战略也具有重要的启示意义。