The RMB/US Dollar Exchange Rate——An International Political Economy Perspective

I. IntroductionOn July 21, 2005, China unexpectedly appreciated the RMB by 2 percent, and declared themoving of the RMB exchang rate regime into a managed floating regime, with reference toa basket of currencies. This brought respite to the long, ongoing debate over RMB’sappreciation. Due to the fact that the exchange rate is always considered a technical matter,best left to economists to handle, the mainstream approach of the RMB discussion is theeconomic approach. Although reviewing d…     

利率结构、利率变化和利率政策的有效性

长期以来,人们一直在致力于寻找一套能够完全解释利率结构和变化的理论,但至今仍未能统一人们对利率的认识。基于利率理论演变的简要回顾,重点对中西方利率政策有效性的研究现状进行系统梳理,以期对我国利率政策有效性的理论研究和实践工作提供一些借鉴。     

Interest Rate Pass-through in a Dual-track System： Evidence from China

Using the Phillips-Loretan approach, this paper verifies the degree and speed of pass- through and rigidity of different interest rates in China, as well as the response of private loan interest rates to other interest rates during 2002-2012. The results indicate that the long-term pass-through from the interbank offered rates and deposit and loan interest rates to the treasury bond rate is incomplete, but that the long-term pass-through to private loan interest rates is overshooting. The long-term pass-through from the deposit and loan interest rates to the overnight interbank offered rate is incomplete, while that to the interbank offered rates of other maturities is complete. The short-term passthrough and adjustment speed of interest rates exhibit asymmetry. Therefore, before considering a full liberalization of interest rates, it is important to further enhance the competition of the financial system and the function of different interest rate systems, such as the interhank market and bond market.     

PATTERNS OF CO‐MOVEMENT BETWEEN SOUTH AFRICA AND GERMANY: EVIDENCE FROM THE PERIOD 1985 TO 2006

This paper examines the co‐movement between Germany and South Africa by applying a dynamic factor model. Because these two countries have a long history of predominant trade ties, they deemed to be suitable proxies to analyse the channels of transmission of positive supply and demand shocks in a developed economy and the effects of these on an emerging market economy. In contrast to general expectations, the paper concludes that a German supply shock has more of a demand‐shock effect on the South African economy, while a German demand shock is transmitted through price in South Africa. This implies that the policy response in South Africa should not necessarily be the same as in Germany.     

马克思市场利率决定理论的现实解读

马克思关于"利息只是利润的一部分,市场利率由供求关系决定"的科学论断,渗透着让利率由市场决定的深邃思想。这对于我国完善市场利率形成机制及推动利率市场化进程,有着很强的实践指导意义。本文从马克思市场利率决定理论的本源出发,揭示市场利率机制的内在特征;结合实际分析市场利率机制产生的外生性效应,最后提出推动我国利率市场化进程的若干措施。     

我国商业银行利率风险管理实证分析

采用利率敏感性缺口模型中的利率敏感性缺口、缺口率、利率敏感性比率和利率敏感性比率偏离度四个指标,对我国14家上市银行2006年和2007年的利率风险管理情况进行分析。结果显示：近年来我国商业银行利用利率敏感性缺口模型对利率风险进行了较有效的管理,但1年以上资产、负债的匹配上失衡现象严重,利率敏感性缺口的调整滞后于利率变化趋势;我国传统国有大型商业银行的利率风险管理,落后于新兴的股份制商业银行。     

后西方国际体系与东方的兴起

400年的现代国际体系是一个西方国际体系。历史上由于西方的兴起,欧洲或西方的政治制度、国家利益与霸权排他性地塑造了现代国际体系,深嵌的西方权力一直是该体系最重要的特征之一。现在,随着新兴经济体的群体性崛起,现代国际体系已经进入转型的前奏阶段,西方的衰落和东方的兴起预示着即将展开的国际体系是一个后西方国际体系。在后西方国际体系中,国际政治权力正在东移,以金砖国家为代表的新兴大国的群体性崛起,标志着东方正在回归国际体系的中心,美国及其西方盟国的群体性衰落,为西方世界向东方世界的权力让渡创造了条件,虽然权力让渡会导致国际体系产生某种紧张状态,但总体上国际体系不会失序,因为新兴经济体的意图在于和平渐进地改变世界权力的结构,同时反体系的革命会造成争霸战争的历史悲剧重演。显而易见,资本主义性质的世界市场仍然是后西方国际体系的一个遗传基质,西方权力持续弱化和东西方地位渐趋平衡将成为后西方国际体系的一个重要特征。世界正在走向一个没有霸权、力量相对均衡的国际秩序。     

Worldwide Inflation and International Monetary Reform： Exchange Rates or Interest Rates？

The international dollar standard is malfunctioning. Near‐zero US short‐term interest rates launch massive hot money outflows into emerging markets (EM) in Asia and Latin America. Each EM central bank buys dollars to prevent its currency from appreciating but loses monetary control. Despite some appreciation, average inflation in EMs is now much higher than in the old industrial economies and world commodity prices are bid up sharply. This inflation on the dollar's periphery only registers in the US CPI with a long lag. However, the more immediate effect of the Fed's zero interest rate is to upset the process of bank intermediation within the American economy. Bank credit continues to decline while employment languishes. Therefore, constructive international monetary reform calls for the Fed to abandon its zero‐interest rate policy, which is best done in cooperation with the European Central Bank, the Bank of Japan, and the Bank of England also abandoning their ultra low interest rates.     

利率市场化及其风险防范

利率市场化是我国经济体制改革的一个重要的组成部分 ,如何防范和化解利率波动的风险是改革成败之关键     

利率与公司债务期限结构的实证研究——基于制造业的经验分析

文章选取2005-2012年A股制造业公司的非平衡面板数据,通过固定效应模型和随机效应模型实证检验了利率与企业债务期限结构之间的关系。结果表明,名义利率越高,债务融资成本越大,上市公司会使用更多的短期债务,债务期限结构越短;通货膨胀率越高,债务融资的代理成本会越大,上市公司获得长期债务的难度较大,因而会使用较多的短期债务,债务期限结构越短;实际利率对债务期限结构的影响方向与名义利率相反:实际利率越高,上市公司使用更多的长期债务,债务期限结构越长。进一步的研究发现,相较于民营企业,国有企业对利率的敏感度更高;无论是国有企业还是民营企业,对名义利率的敏感度均比实际利率高。文章为宏观政策如何影响微观企业债务结构提供了新的经验证据。     

国际贸易救济中的公共利益原则探析

文章探讨了国际贸易救济中公共利益与公共利益原则的界定及其重要意义。从公共利益所涉及的利害关系方、完善程序性规定、公共利益调查的结果、实施独立的公共利益审查和健全利益评估与衡平机制等方面提出完善我国贸易救济法中公共利益制度的建议。结合中、美轮胎特保案着重讨论了如何运用公共利益原则,应对国际贸易保护主义。     

金融摩擦下利率市场化改革对经济增长的影响研究

当前我国正面临经济增长放缓、流动性趋紧、利率居高不下的复杂局面,如何推进利率市场化改革以维护金融稳定、促进经济增长是重要的课题。文章构建包含金融摩擦因素的经济增长模型,并选用1980—2013年的数据进行实证检验。研究认为,利率变化对储蓄的影响是正向的,对投资的影响在2000年前后由正转负,与经济增长长期负相关,随着利率市场化改革的深入,利率的经济增长弹性呈增大趋势。未来利率市场化改革的重点,在短期应稳健审慎推进存款利率上限放开,在长期应优化金融市场结构畅通利率微观传导机制。     

货币政策对中国股市影响的统计分析——基于独立样本t检验的实证研究

本文应用独立样本t检验,分析了2004年以来的央行4次加息对中国股市的短期影响效应,结合协整方法实证检验了货币政策对中国股市的长期影响效应。研究结果表明,短期内中国股市对加息具有一定的敏感度和滞后性,长期而言,利率与股指呈现负相关,而货币供应量与股指之间的关系自2004年以来发生明显改变,由以前的负相关转变为2004年以后的正相关。     

NO‐ARBITRAGE ONE‐FACTOR MODELS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN TERM STRUCTURE OF INTEREST RATES

Short‐term interest rate processes determine the term structure of interest rates in an arbitrage‐free market and are central to the valuation of interest rate derivatives. We obtain parameter estimates and compare the empirical fit of alternative one‐factor continuous‐time processes for the South African short‐term interest rate (and hence of arbitrage‐free term structure models) using Gaussian estimation methods. We find support only for diffusions where the interest rate volatility is moderately sensitive to the level of the interest rate. Other common models with restrictions that either preclude this effect, or restrict it to be too high, do not fit the data. Differences in the specification of the drift function have no evident effect on model performance.     

Exchange Rate Risk and Interest Rate: A Case Study for Turkey

This paper examines the effect of exchange rate risk on interest rates within the uncovered interest rate parity condition for Turkey. When the interest rate is measured with the Treasury auction interest rate and the exchange rate risk is measured with the conditional variance of the exchange rate, then we found that there is a positive relation between the exchange rate risk and interest rate with the data from December 1986 to January 2001.     

国际航空网络的空间结构特征

航空运输具有快速、高效益和长距离运输的特点,可打破地理限制,促进人员、技术、资金和商品等经济要素的跨国流动,能将单个城市串联为城市网络,降低往来成本,推动世界经济发展。通过分析2010—2020年的航空客运班次数据所构建的航空网络,并运用复杂网络理论和社会网络分析法研究航空网络的空间结构和演化规律。结果表明,2010—2013年欧美地区占据航空网络霸主地位,芝加哥、纽约一直霸榜;2013年中东地区由于地理位置优势开始崛起为航空枢纽;2018年得益于旅游政策与经济崛起,东亚、东南亚和东非地区航空地位不断提升,而欧美发达国家的航空地位下降,全球航空布局趋于均衡。2020年全球航空布局更加均衡,中国在全球航空网络中的地位逐渐提升。航空网络具有小世界和无标度网络的特点,可以促进城市间的互动和连接,打破地理和距离的限制。这些研究结果有助于优化我国航空网络,提升航空客货流的通达性和可靠性,实现民航强国的目标。     

THE ARGENTINEAN CURRENCY CRISIS: A MARKOV‐SWITCHING MODEL ESTIMATION

In 2002, the Argentinean currency board came to a sudden and dramatic end. Although the country had been suffering from weak economic fundamentals for years, the timing and severity of the currency crisis surprised most observers. The present study analyzes the role of fundamentals and self‐fulfilling speculation in the Argentinean crisis. Arguing within a theoretical model of a fixed exchange rate system that allows for multiple equilibria, we show that the crisis, although associated with weak fundamentals, cannot be explained by these macroeconomic factors alone. Estimating a univariate Markov‐switching model, the current study shows that shifts in agents’ beliefs did indeed also play a crucial role.     

利率市场化体系下完善住房公积金利率政策建议

在介绍现行公积金利率政策的基础上,分析其存在的问题,并提出相应的政策建议：完善公积金利率定价机制,完善公积金利率管理体系。     

构造信贷市场资金价格形成机制分析——对定南县贷款利率市场化改革的个案研究

文章通过对江西定南县利率改革试点进行个案研究,从宏观和微观两个层面探讨了如何构造信贷市场资金价格形成机制。