基于复杂网络视角的金融科技风险传染研究

大数据、云计算、人工智能等新兴技术逐步改变金融生态,金融科技成为传统金融业提效降本的动力源泉.机遇与风险并存,金融科技的加入是否对传统金融造成风险冲击成为重要的研究课题.本文基于复杂网络视角,采用TENET方法搭建以金融科技、银行和证券机构为主体的风险关联网络,融合PMFG极大平面过滤图法,分析金融科技同传统金融主体的风险传染关系,在此基础上提出了关键性风险路径的识别方法.研究结果表明:相较于银行与证券,金融科技的内外部风险传染性最强;金融危机加强了风险传染的跨部门属性;风险传染以规模、业务相近的直接渠道为主,对关键性路径的识别有助于挖掘金融科技机构的潜在风险点.监管当局应加强对金融科技机构的宏微观审慎管理,识别同部门与跨部门的风险传染路径,优化监管效率.     

The fintech gender gap

Can fintech close the gender gap in access to financial services? Using novel survey data for 28 countries, this paper finds a large and ubiquitous ‘fintech gender gap’: while 29% of men use fintech products, only 21% of women do. This difference exceeds the gender gap in bank account ownership at traditional financial institutions. While country characteristics and individual-level controls explain about a third of the fintech gender gap, the residual gap declines by 60% when accounting for gender differences in the willingness to use new financial technology, the suitability of fintech products, and the willingness to use fintech entrants if they offer cheaper products. The paper concludes by discussing drivers of differences in attitudes and implications for policy to foster financial inclusion with new technology.     

Evolutionary Approaches and the Construction of Technology-Driven Regulations

Innovation technologies have substantially changed commerce and society. A new financial industry in the form of financial technology (fintech) initiated the era of the digital economy. At the same time, inherent risks in technology-driven financial innovations, such as technical risks, information asymmetry, and even potential systemic risks, necessitate regulatory responses. However, insufficient regulatory techniques, outdated financial laws, and conservative regulatory concepts make it difficult for traditional regulations based on financial intermediaries to adapt to the current environment of decentralized financial transactions. Technology-driven regulations focused on data monitoring could be a remedy for the inefficiency and ineffectiveness of traditional financial regulations and enhance effective protection of financial consumers’ rights and interests. This new regulatory model aims to build a system that integrates equal access to information on blockchain transactions by both parties to it (i.e., the regulators and the financial institutions they regulate) for the purpose of oversight, intelligent real-time oversight, and an experimental sandbox for developing regulatory technology. This dynamic and flexible financial regulatory system could effectively address fintech risks.     

金融科技布局、银行信贷风险与经营绩效——来自商业银行与科技企业战略合作的证据

商业银行通过布局金融科技进行的金融服务创新,已成为深化金融供给侧结构性改革的重要举措。本文通过手工搜集2005—2019年323家商业银行与科技企业战略合作的数据,研究银行布局金融科技如何影响其信贷风险与经营绩效。结果表明：(1)银行布局金融科技战略能降低银行信贷风险,提高银行经营绩效;(2)银行布局金融科技通过提高其自身创新能力与竞争力从而降低银行的信贷风险水平;(3)银行布局金融科技,通过降低信贷风险、提升普惠金融服务、提高运营管理能力与拓展中间业务这四个渠道提高了银行经营绩效;(4)全国性银行发展金融科技使其信贷风险水平得到降低,资本充足率低的银行通过布局金融科技降低信贷风险的效果更强。同时,信用贷款比重越高的银行通过发展金融科技降低信贷风险、提高经营绩效的效果更加明显。本文研究有助于理解商业银行顺势而为所进行的金融科技布局的微观经济后果,也为进一步完善金融服务实体经济相关政策提供参考。     

How does fintech influence carbon emissions: Evidence from China's prefecture-level cities

We investigate how fintech development affects carbon emissions using the panel data of 253 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2019. We employ the city-level digital financial inclusion index to gauge the fintech development and identify the impact mechanisms through which fintech affects the city's carbon emissions. Our results show that fintech can significantly reduce carbon emissions, and this conclusion still holds when considering potential endogeneity, when considering the impact of resource endowment, when using alternative measures of carbon emissions, even after removing the impact of low-carbon pilot cities policy, and after winsorization treatment. We further find that the main mechanisms by which fintech affects carbon emissions are industrial structure, financing constraints, and green technology innovation. Our results provide powerful evidence that fintech positively impacts the real economy, offering more confidence and reason to stimulate fintech development.     

公益性国有土地使用权收回的法律性质与补偿模式

当前金融与科技融合驱动下的新经济浪潮逐渐拉开帷幕,传统的高校金融人才、科技人才培养范式在新形势下都发生着深刻变化,形成了一场由传统教育到实践创新的系统性变革。新时代高校金融科技人才培养的实践创新与体系重构,是中国提升金融科技复合型人才质量的重要突破口。本文从新时代中国高校金融科技人才培养的现状及问题出发,分析高校金融科技人才培养的实践内容,并进一步提出中国高校金融科技人才培养与发展的创新要求及实现路径。本文认为充分发挥金融与科技在高校人才培养上的深度融合作用,着力培养具有国际视野、能够适应时代竞争的金融科技创新人才,成为现阶段中国高校人才培养的重要努力方向。     

金融科技影响企业创新投资的效应与机制研究

基于2011—2021年沪深A股上市企业数据,运用固定效应模型和中介效应模型探究金融科技发展对企业创新投资的影响及其作用机制。研究发现：金融科技发展有助于提高企业创新投资水平,能够通过促进企业短期金融资产配置行为、抑制企业长期金融资产配置行为提高企业创新投资水平;高管股权激励和政府补助均对金融科技的创新投资驱动效应有显著的强化作用;在非国有企业中,金融科技对于创新投资的驱动效应更显著。     

美国金融科技最新立法监管动态及对我国的启示

金融科技有助于降低交易成本、提高市场效率,但同时也因其“空白型金融创新”的特质给传统金融监管方式带来严峻挑战。美国在金融科技的立法方面,强调“建章立制,立法先行”,创制法律规范具有前瞻性;在监管方面,秉持“负责任的创新”的监管理念,创新监管范式,力求实现金融创新与合法合规之间的动态平衡。我国可合理借鉴美国的立法和监管经验,加强金融科技的顶层设计和立法建设,创制新的专门性立法,构建有利于金融科技发展的监管协调机制,研究以行为监管为导向的监管范式,构建包容性监管制度,探索完善中国式“监管沙箱”机制,最终建构“技术驱动型”的金融监管体系。     

Overcoming spatial stratification of fintech inclusion: Inferences from across Chinese provinces to guide policy makers

Few studies have quantitatively analyzed the causes of the uneven development of fintech inclusion. We explore the factors influencing regional differences in China's fintech inclusion by focusing on the influencing factors' spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Fuzzy best-worst, standard deviation ellipse, and geographically temporally weighted regression methodologies were used to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors for 2011–2019. China's fintech inclusion has a higher persistent spatial imbalance in the east and a lower in the central and western regions. Regarding the spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors, we find that the effects of economic development, financial supervision, transportation convenience, population structure and education level show obvious east-west differences. Regarding temporal heterogeneity, we find over our period that the impacts of economic development and financial supervision on fintech inclusion changed from negative to positive, with the positive effects of education level and population structure decreasing. We offer a framework for measuring regional fintech inclusion and practical policy suggestions for promoting coordinated development.     

扎实开展“领跑者”活动践行为民利企

我国金融标准化事业已进人全面推进阶段,金融标准化支持金融治理能力现代化、服务金融此健康有序发展的基础性、战略性作用曰益凸显。进人新时期,创新金融标准化工作势在必行,这既是深化金融供给侧结构性改革的必然要求,也是促进高标准市场俥系建设的必要手段。企业标准“领跑者”活动作为金融标准化的创新发展方式,应持续开展。     

Banks' consumer lending reaction to fintech and bigtech credit emergence in the context of soft versus hard credit information processing

Access to credit information and the ability to process this information effectively determine the conditions of competition in the credit market. Traditionally, local banks have had an advantage in relationship lending (based on soft credit information), whereas foreign banks are considered to base on hard credit information. With the advent of financial technology (or “fintech”) companies (or “fintechs”) and giant technology (or “bigtech”) companies (or “bigtechs”) providing alternative credit, the conditions of competition in the credit market have changed. In this empirical study, we shed light on the nature of the information advantages fintech and bigtech companies have compared to banks and how alternative lenders use them. We analyze competition in the consumer lending segment between banks and fintechs as well as bigtechs providing alternative lending. We used a database combining bank-level characteristics and country-level proxies for 72 countries from 2013 to 2018. We find that in developed markets, the relationships between fintech and bigtech credit providers and banks are similar and competitive in nature. However, banks' consumer lending grows simultaneously with fintech credit market development in emerging economies, but decreases in the aftermath of the emergence of bigtech credit. Fintech credit seems to penetrate market segments not serviced by banks; thus, it plays a complementary role, however only in emerging economies. Bigtech companies compete even more with banks and push some banking offers out of the market, both in emerging and developed economies. Furthermore, we show that domestic and privately-owned banks are more negatively affected by competition from technology-based lending, particularly bigtech, than foreign banks. Thus, bigtech lending may be treated as a serious competition for banks' relationship lending based on soft credit information processing, traditionally provisioned by local banks.     

Fintech and access to finance

This article surveys research on the effects of digitalization on access to finance. We focus the review on access through fintech. We review the growth of three main fintech technologies, fintech lending (incl. peer-to-peer lending), crowdfunding and initial coin offerings. We discuss existing evidence on how fintech affects access to finance for firms and investors and consider the regulatory challenges it poses. We incorporate the papers in this special issue, underlining their significant contributions to our understanding of the digitalization of finance and its effects. Finally, we discuss the challenges of research in the digital finance area and propose some new avenues for future research.     

Exploring advertising as an antecedent to brand experience dimensions: an experimental study

The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of advertising on brand experience dimensions for an existing bank and a financial technology (Fintech) brand. A 2?×?2 between-subject experimental study was conducted that analyzed the antecedents of brand experience dimensions and compared them between an existing bank and a fintech brand. The study confirmed the main effect of advertising on all brand experience dimensions. The brand experience scores for the fintech brand were higher than that of the existing bank brand, and significant differences were observed for sensory, emotional, and behavioral brand experience dimensions. The study confirms the influence of advertising on both existing bank and fimtech brand. While most of the previous studies are based on survey research, the present study provides deep probing using experimental study. It seeks to understand the antecedent to brand experience in the context of an emerging country.     

中国金融科技监管沙盒机制设计研究

本文旨在从设立中国金融科技监管沙盒的必要性、可行性分析、机制设计等角度,探讨如何识别有价值的创新、缩短金融科技企业的创新周期并及早发现和化解潜在风险等问题.本文发现,金融科技新业态更具有颠覆性创新特征,采用传统金融监管框架可能会抑制创新,而金融科技监管沙盒是帮助平衡金融科技创新与风险的有效手段.建议参考中国香港的沙盒模...     

监管沙盒:国外应用和本土化

金融科技已成为金融创新和监管创新的主要推动力,也给金融监管带来挑战。英国、印度等国相继推出监管沙盒。借鉴国外发展经验,在监管实施主体层面,国家金融监管部门应与地方政府一起构建跨地区监管沙盒合作机制,实现普惠金融;在测试主体层面,以银行业为切入点逐步推广实施,积极引入金融科技公司形成协同效应,鼓励沙盒中的测试企业建立合作伙伴关系;在金融消费者层面,需要搭建消费者数据共享平台,注重消费者权益保护。未来,中国式监管沙盒需要构建良好的信息传递机制,促进监管能动性的积极转变,实现金融科技与监管创新的协同发展。     

Can fintech innovation promote household consumption? Evidence from China family panel studies

Using data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and the digital inclusive financial index (DFI), this paper explores the relationship between fintech innovation and household consumption. The results show that fintech innovation can significantly promote household consumption at the nationwide level. Further mechanism tests show that entrepreneurship and increasing income are the two main transmission channels. Besides that, we further conduct heterogeneity tests. The tests present that the promoting effects in the eastern region, urban households, and wealthy households are higher than that in the western region, rural households, and low-and middle-income groups. The phenomenon shows that the Chinese government should positively guide the development of fintech in order to enable people to enjoy the benefits brought by scientific progress. In addition, the conclusions have great reference value for developing countries.     

Fintech,macroprudential policies and bank risk: Evidence from China

We explore the relationship between fintech, macroprudential policies, and commercial bank risk-taking. Based on system generalized method of moment modeling on a panel data of 114 commercial banks in China from 2013 to 2020, results show that there are functional differences in the impact of fintech on bank risk-taking. Payment and settlement technology (PST), capital raising technology (CRT) and investment management technology (IMT) are positively correlated with bank risk-taking. In contrast, market facility technology (MFT) negatively correlates with bank risk-taking. We also find that macroprudential policies weaken the promotion effect of CRT on bank risk-taking and strengthen the inhibition effect of MFT on bank risk-taking while having no significant moderating effect on PST and bank risk, IMT and bank risk. Further, the micro characteristics of banks (capital adequacy ratio, asset scale, liquidity level) affects the moderating strength of macroprudential policies. Various robustness tests confirm our conclusions.     

货币的本质与未来

数字货币和金融科技的快速发展,引发了关于货币的本质和未来发展趋势的激烈讨论。本文在梳理货币演变历程的基础上,提出货币的本质是由形式与功能组合形成的一般信用,并且通过货币体系实现信用的制度化。在此基础上,针对数字货币是否会改变货币本质的问题,本文从货币形式、主权信用、中心化、金融稳定、普惠金融和货币管理等六方面进行分析,提出数字货币并未脱离货币发展的一般规律,其在本质上依然需要依托稳固的信用制度作为基础,但是其在信用实现方式的创新也对货币发行、支付结算、金融稳定带来了全新的挑战。货币和金融管理部门应当在掌握数字货币技术创新的前提下,完善货币制度和金融管理体系,建立激励相容的机制,积极引导数字货币推动的良性货币竞争。     

Fintech in the time of COVID−19: Technological adoption during crises

We document the effects of the COVID−19 pandemic on digital finance and fintech adoption. Drawing on mobile application data from a globally representative sample, we find that the spread of COVID− 19 and related government lockdowns led to a sizeable increase in the rate of finance app downloads. We then analyze factors that may have driven this effect on the demand−side and better understand the “winners” from this digital acceleration on the supply−side. Our overall results suggest that traditional incumbents saw the largest growth in their digital offerings during the initial period, but that “BigTech” companies and newer fintech providers ultimately outperformed them over time. Finally, we drill−down further on the adoption of fintech apps pertaining to both the asset and liability side of the traditional bank balance sheet, to explore the implications that the accelerated trends in digitization may have for the future landscape of financial intermediation.