融资结构与公司治理

<正>公司的融资结构对公司治理结构具有决定性的作用。本文从股权融资的代理成本和债务融资的代理成本进行比较分析,并在此基础上对我国公司融资结构构和公司治理结构进行了考察分     

债权融资结构与公司治理:理论与实证分析

融资结构与公司治理的关系,是现代公司金融研究的一个重要领域。本文以现代企业理论为出发点,着重研究债权融资结构对于公司治理的影响。首先,从公司控制权的转移和分配入手,探讨债权融资作用于公司治理的传导机制和对于完善公司治理的重要意义,然后集中讨论债权的分布结构(集中度)与债权人的所有制结构对于债权人参与公司治理机制的作用,在此基础上,结合中国经济活动的实际,阐释我国国有企业债权人参与公司治理机制缺失的内在原因,最后是本文主要结论的总结和启示。     

论公司融资结构与治理结构

众多研究表明,融资结构是公司治理结构的基础,不同的融资结构会导致不同的公司治理结构模式,而有效的公司治理结构是提高经济效益、维护出资者权益的重要保证。因此,探讨融资结构与公司治理结构之间的关系对于构建高效的金融制度与公司治理制度有着重要的意义。     

浅谈融资结构对公司治理结构的影响

在现代公司制企业中,融资方式与公司治理直接相关,股权融资和债权融资均对企业形成控制权,两者有着不同的控制权形式,共同形成了公司的治理结构。公司治理结构是当前非常关注的一个热点问题,它是一个包含结构、机制、过程、制度等多重涵义的丰富体系。本文主要论述了融资结构与公司治理结构的背景分析,融资结构与公司治理结构的内容,融资结构与公司治理结构的关系,以及融资结构对公司治理结构的影响。     

代理成本视角下我国中小企业融资结构选择

融资结构是企业管理实践中较为重要的一环,同时由于涉及企业内部人(经理或者企业家)与外部投资者(外部股东或者债权人)这两个企业契约和组织关系的主要当事人,也是现代企业理论不可或缺的组成部分。现代企业最为突出的融资方式是债务和股权这两种直接融资方式,本文通过研究中小企业股权融资和债务融资的代理成本,揭示企业的治理机制在企业融资选择和企业价值之间的重要作用,从代理成本理论的角度分析我国中小企业的融资结构选择。     

融资决策和公司治理相互作用分析

公司的融资结构与公司治理历来是研究的热点,经验证明:有效的公司治理结构的建立与融资结构的优化是互为依存、相互促进的。本文通过分析融资决策的治理效应,侧重分析公司治理对融资决策的影响,得出融资决策和公司治理相互作用机制,提出优化融资结构和建立有效的公司治理结构的启示。     

我国上市公司融资结构与公司治理模式的选择

本文强调融资结构与公司治理的对应关系,分析了在不同融资模式下的公司治理模式的内涵、特点及当前公司治理的国际趋势。在此基础上,对我国上市公司的治理模式选择提出了相应的政策建议。     

公司治理结构与债务融资效率实证研究——以信息技术类创业板上市公司为例

在我国经济转型与新常态背景下,信息技术服务业进入快速发展阶段,与此同时带来的是巨大的融资需求。因此,针对信息技术类创业板上市公司治理结构与债务融资效率之间的关系进行研究,对于规范信息技术企业融资行为、优化公司治理结构、改善企业经营管理等具有重要的理论与实践意义。文章基于我国A股创业板上市的291家信息技术企业的相关数据,以其2010—2022年的资产负债率作为衡量债务融资水平的指标,建立回归模型,从实证角度对公司治理结构与债务融资效率进行了分析,针对实证分析的结果得出相关结论,并提出合理的对策和建议。     

上市公司债务融资对公司绩效的影响

公司治理理论的基础是资本结构,它反应了长期债务与股权的分配比例情况,而债务融资是长期债务的来源,因此债务融资对于完善公司治理制度,提高公司绩效具有非常重要的意义。本文在界定相关概念的基础上,分析了债务融资对公司绩效的影响,并提出本文的研究结论。     

我国上市公司债务融资治理效应分析

根据代理理论、信号理论、交易成本理论等理论分析,知道公司利用债务融资可以起到降低代理成本,提高企业价值的作用。而我国上市公司债务融资治理实证结果与理论预期的并不一致。本文最后分析认为,是制度因素和公司自身因素造成的债务融资治理效应差,为以后的债务融资研究提供了一定的理论依据。     

我国上市公司的多元化战略和经营绩效分析——基于混合并购的实证研究

本文以2004—2009年期间我国的上市公司作为样本,从首次混合并购视角研究多元化经营对企业绩效的影响。本文采用企业经营性现金流回报作为衡量经营绩效的指标,借鉴事件研究法的基本思路,对比了451家实施不同类型并购的上市公司经营绩效的差异。结果显示无论是跨行业还是跨地区混合并购,企业的经营绩效在并购完成后都明显下降。原因在于混合并购所产生的财务协同效用较小及实施混合并购后企业须承担额外经营成本。     

网络通达、金融发展与企业融资费用研究

鉴于“新基建”和“降成本”的现实背景，选取2000—2018年中国31个省级数据实证分析区域网络通达、金融发展与企业融资费用的影响关系。研究发现，区域交通网络通达与金融发展呈正相关，通信网络通达与金融发展呈负相关且通信网络硬件建设与金融发展存在倒U型关系，区域金融发展与企业融资费用呈负相关。在金融发展约束下，区域交通网络通达与企业融资费用呈负相关，通信网络通达对企业融资费用影响具有长短期不一致性，通信网络硬件建设短期内对企业融资具有挤出效应，通信网络软性使用长期对企业融资具有间接竞争加剧效应。网络通达下技术创新与企业融资费用呈负相关且存在倒U型关系。各地区推进新型基础建设投资和降成本中需注意“挤出效应”和“拐点效应”的长短期影响。     

The Impact of Financing Constraints and Agency Costs on Corporate R&D Investment: Evidence from China

This study investigates the association between financing constraints/agency problem (agency costs) and corporate R&D investment in China by using the two‐tier stochastic frontier model initially developed by Kumbhakar and Parmeter (2009) in light of the Euler equation analysis framework. The results show that there is a significantly negative association between financing constraints and firms' R&D investments and a significantly positive relationship between agency costs and R&D investments. Thus, financing constraints lead to R&D underinvestment, while agency costs cause R&D overinvestment by the sample firms. However, government subsidies have a positive moderating effect on the relationships. The impact of financing constraints and agency costs on R&D investment varies slightly by firms in different geographical regions, industries, business ownerships, and years.     

Corporate investment, financing, and dividend policies in the high-tech industry

The agency theory, transactional cost economics, and traditional strategic management perspectives have provided several key corporate financial policies. However, these policies have generally been discussed and established separately. This study explores the causal structure of corporate financial strategies for the high-tech firms in Taiwan and China. By employing path analysis and directed graphs model, this paper explores the causal relationships among investment, financing, dividend policies, and corporate performance. The results show that the investment expenditures by Taiwan's firms positively affect financial performance and the increased borrowings jeopardize company's profits. However, the financing decisions of China's firms have a positively effect on their capital expenditures. The findings suggest that firms across the Strait adopt different strategies in financial decision environments.     

Management pay-performance sensitivity, internal cash flow and investment behavior: A test of the free cach flow theory and asymmetric information theory

The relationship between investment and financing, the two basic components of corporate finance, is of significant interest to researchers and practitioners alike. The free cash flow hypothesis and asymmetric information hypothesis are two important theories to explain the relationship between investment expenditure and cash flow. In this paper, we examine how consistency between the interests of management and shareholders influences investment-cash flow sensitivity, and how the nature of the controlling shareholder influences this relationship, so as to analyze how much the free cash flow hypothesis and asymmetric information hypothesis can explain the practice of investment and financing in China. We use pay-performance sensitivity as a proxy for the degree of consistency between shareholders and management interests. We find that investment-cash flow sensitivity is affected not only by financial constraints that caused by asymmetric information, but also by the shareholder-manager agency problem. It is found that the asymmetric information theory has more explanatory power than the shareholder-manager agency theory. In addition, the relationship between investment-cash flow sensitivity and pay-performance sensitivity is affected by the nature of controlling shareholders. Specifically, in the state-owned enterprises, the investment-cash flow sensitivity is mainly ascribed to information asymmetry problems, but in the non-state-owned enterprises, the investment-cash flow sensitivity mainly results from free cash flow. Translated and revised from Kuaiji Yanjiu 会计研究 (Accounting Research), 2007, (10): 73–81     

Why Greater Cash Holdings and Short-Term Debt Simultaneously Persist? The Case of Transition Economy

This study observes and explores a puzzle in Chinese firms whereby both cash holdings and short-term debt simultaneously account for more than 20% of total assets for at least two consecutive years over the sample period. This phenomenon conflicts with the principle of corporate value maximization, and is not clearly explained by the classical theories in corporate finance. Based on the implications in the extant literature and discussions of institutional constraints of the transition economy in China, this paper develops four hypotheses that are involved with agency conflicts between the largest shareholders and creditors and the formation of this puzzling financial structure. The empirical analyses suggest that the largest shareholders with tunneling motives seek to hold more cash to serve their private interests and/or the consequent operational deficit of the listed corporations. To the ends, these corporations tend to manage the timing of short term debt financing to increase cash reserves temporarily at the end of year. Essentially, greater cash holdings on the balance sheet of these corporations related with the puzzle become a misleading signal for potential creditors, possibly contributing to the refinancing of short-term debt of these listed firms for the following year. Hence, the puzzling financial structure is connected with the timing of debt financing and adverse selection of creditors. This study enriches the stream of literature on cash holdings and debt maturity, and provides new evidence on the impact of agency problems of the largest shareholders on the association between cash holdings and debt maturity in the context of a transition economy.     

Islamic Corporate Governance: Risk-Sharing and Islamic Preferred Shares

The recent financial crises (including the Asian and subprime crises) indicated the need to reinforce corporate governance mechanisms in emerging and developing market economies. Corporate governance refers to all the factors that affect firm processes (including, among others, financing strategies). Firms must avoid debt financing instruments and adopt financing instruments that allow for “risk-sharing” rather than “risk-shifting” because all recent financial crises were, in essence, debt crises. The primary objective of this paper is to examine the principles of risk-sharing promoted by Islamic finance and study their implications for corporate governance. The secondary objective of this paper is to propose a pricing model for a new risk-sharing financial instrument (Islamic preferred shares, IPS) that was recently discussed by Zarka and Al-Suhaibani (Shariah-compatible preference shares: The Sharia Basis and Economic Rationale. Working paper, SABIC Chair for Islamic Financial Market Studies, 2012). We study the implications of this new instrument as a powerful tool for corporate governance in the case of Islamic markets. We explain the possible contribution of IPS to agency cost reduction, Sharia screening costs and ethical corporate governance.     

企业财务行为的现状、目标和对策

本文认为,目前我国企业财务行为正在朝合理化、规范化方向发展,但受多方面因素的影响,企业财务行为还存在财务行为主体错位,财务目标混乱,财务管理方法缺乏系统性、先进性,筹资行为异化,投资行为短期化,分配行为扭曲等一系列问题,与财务行为的目标模式还有较大差距。文章提出,为了优化企业财务行为,应该转变理财观念,重塑财务目标,改进财务管理方法,建立和完善财务组织,建立健全财务激励机制,强化财务约束机制,加强社会监督。     

The impact of managerial ability on crisis-period corporate investment

In this study, we document a strong positive relation between pre-crisis managerial ability and corporate investment during the crisis period, which remains robust in the presence of a large array of control variables capturing corporate governance attributes, executive compensation incentives and CEO characteristics. This relationship was prevalent only among firms with CEOs that had general managerial skills, rather than firm-specific skills. Our results also show that the positive relationship between managerial ability and corporate investment was supported by the capacity of such firms to secure greater financing and be less vulnerable to financial constraints during the crisis. Finally, we find that, on average, the stock market evaluates crisis-period investments positively, yet this effect is evident solely among firms characterized by high pre-crisis managerial ability. Overall, the results are consistent with the view that high managerial ability helps to mitigate underinvestment problems during a crisis which in turn increases firm value.     

外部环境与企业财务保守行为

基于代理理论和战略管理理论融合的观点,我们对企业外部环境与其财务保守行为之间的关系进行了理论分析和实证检验。实证研究结果表明,我国上市公司的财务政策与其外部环境存在明显不匹配的现象。表现为越是在动态环境、市场竞争激烈的行业,上市公司负债比率越高;越是环境稳定、市场竞争程度低的行业,上市公司的财务政策倾向保守。外部环境的变化和公司所处行业的竞争状况并不能合理解释我国上市公司的财务保守行为。企业的内源融资能力和我国的再融资政策也许是我国上市公司财务保守行为的重要原因。