A Springtime Journey to the Soviet Union: Postwar Planning and Policy Mobilities through the Iron Curtain

This article builds upon a relatively small but growing literature in geography, planning and cognate disciplines that seeks to understand the variegated geographies and histories of policy mobilities. The article uses a case study of an exchange trip between town planners in the Soviet Union and the UK between 1957 and 1958. It focuses on the experiences of the British planners in the Soviet Union and sets the tour within the wider context of a fluctuating and sometimes turbulent history of Anglo‐Soviet politics, travels and connections. In doing this, the article makes three arguments: first, there is much to be gained by bringing together the geography‐dominated policy mobilities literature with that on exchanges and visits by architects, engineers and planners. Secondly, the greater sensitivity to the histories of policy mobilities allows contemporary studies to be contextualized in the longer history of organized learning between different urban professions. Thirdly, despite the long history of policy mobilities, what differentiates the current era from previous eras is the prominent ‘knowledge intermediary’ roles now played by consultancies and think tanks. As the article will demonstrate, it was branches of government and professional bodies, rather than consultancies and think tanks, that tended to dominate such roles previously.     

物流设施与城市规划协调分析与应用

从城市规划和物流实务中,寻找出协调基础领域,并加以分析,因而可以更准确和可靠地进行协调工作。     

谈企业资源规划中知识管理平台的导入

随着知识经济时代的到来,经济环境的变化越来越快,竞争也变得更加激烈。企业为了能够提高自身的竞争力,开始在企业资源规划中导入知识管理平台。企业要想取得差异化的优势,单单靠资源规划已经不能够实现了。本文针对知识管理平台进行了论述,指出了企业取得竞争优势的方法。     

论信息技术在城市规划中的应用

20世纪80年代中后期,信息技术开始全方位渗透我国的城市规划领域,信息技术在城市规划领域中的应用越来越受到城市规划者的广泛关注。文章介绍了城市规划和信息技术的科学内涵及其联系,以及目前信息技术在城市规划中的应用情况,探讨信息技术在城市规划中的影响,以期更好地了解和利用信息技术,为城市规划服务。     

Fragmentation in Urban Movements: The Role of Urban Planning Processes

Urban plans and projects that aim to initiate the redevelopment and gentrification of urban areas create social and ecological pressures on urban environments and thereby stimulate urban movements. These movements have a lifespan, which evolves in interaction with planning authorities under local or central governments and may be marked by institutionalization and co‐optation, as well as fragmentation among the people involved in them. Fragmentations are usually based on conflicting individual and collective interests, but may also be the result of different political perspectives in groups. This article is based on a case study conducted in two adjacent gecekondu neighbourhoods of Istanbul, Gülsuyu and Gülensu, where urban politics have played an important role in efforts to resist plans for urban transformation. It shows that fragmentations are very likely to occur in urban movements during planning processes in a neoliberal era, owing to the different perspectives in the movement on what the just city is.     

城市规划与电磁波设施保护——以厦门市为例

在详细调查厦门市电磁波设施现状分布及设施与城市规划建设存在的冲突的基础上,根据电磁波设施相关技术规范和设施所在片区或地块的规划用地性质以及开发动态,提出了相应的保护方案、控制对策及规划建议,以期确保无线电通信业务和城市开发建设的协调与可持续发展。     

论信息技术在城市规划中的应用

20世纪80年代中后期,信息技术开始全方位渗透我国的城市规划领域,信息技术在城市规划领域中的应用越来越受到城市规划者的广泛关注。文章介绍了城市规划和信息技术的科学内涵及其联系,以及目前信息技术在城市规划中的应用情况,探讨信息技术在城市规划中的影响,以期更好地了解和利用信息技术,为城市规划服务。     

运用QTVR全景技术建立城市3D模型的城市规划模式

本文详细论述了应用QTVR技术来建立三维数字模型来对案例地区的行人对街道景观设计的喜好分析的方法,并通过QTVR全景技术来探讨三维虚拟实景如何表现特定环境空间的特性,并依照空间秩序与居民及游客的需求来构建空间结构。本文通过建立案例地区的虚拟模型与实际环境信息的比较反馈来进行系统可行性论证。结论表明该系统建立的三维数位城市模型与互动式视觉模拟系统来虚拟街道模型可以表现城市意像,并可较真实地依据环境心理学表现景观环境规划设计的各项需求,同时这种模式可以大大缩短和降低研究调查各项成本。通过验证表明该系统可以帮助景观规划师和研究者利用电脑的运作作出与传统不同的评估方式,并可作为城市规划设计的辅助工具。     

How Portugal Became an ‘Unplanned Country’: A Critique of Scholarship on Portuguese Urban Development and Planning

In this article, I seek to expose how scholars came to construct the idea that Portugal is an ‘unplanned country’— a product of disorderly growth. While urban scholarship has now challenged the hegemonic view of spatial order as a proxy for modernity, development and progress, Portuguese scholarship has remained largely impervious to these debates as it consistently offers a view of the Portuguese city as ‘not quite yet’ modern and civilized. Based on a review of accounts by key authors recognized for their prominence and contribution to contemporary Portuguese scholarship, I argue that rather than being a constitutive fact of or truth about the Portuguese urban condition, the ‘unplanned country’ operates as an intellectual and discursive construct that organizes the experience of modernity, urban growth and social transformation throughout the twentieth century. The article discusses how Portuguese scholarship constructs the ‘unplanned country’ idea through insufficient engagement with relevant research and debates in urban studies and is based on several empirical shortcomings. The article concludes by offering a preliminary research agenda to address these imbalances. I suggest that such efforts could enhance the relevance and contribution of the Portuguese urban experience to recent calls for epistemological renewal in urban theory production. Cet article explique comment les chercheurs ont bâti l'idée que le Portugal est un ‘pays sans planification’, le résultat d'une croissance confuse. La recherche urbaine a désormais bousculé la vision hégémonique de l'ordre spatial comme indicateur de modernité, de développement et de progrès, mais la plupart des auteurs portugais sont restés hermétiques à ces débats, puisqu'ils dépeignent systématiquement la ville portugaise comme ‘pas encore tout à fait’ moderne et civilisée. En analysant les travaux d'auteurs déterminants, reconnus pour leur importance et leur contribution à la recherche portugaise contemporaine, cette étude préconise que, loin d'être un fait constitutif ou une vérité pour la situation urbaine portugaise, le ‘pays sans planification’ agit comme une notion intellectuelle et rhétorique qui structure l'expérience de modernité, de croissance et de transformation sociale au cours du XX^e siècle. L'idée de ‘pays sans planification’ est née d'un manque d'implication dans la recherche et dans les débats pertinents en sciences urbaines, ainsi que de plusieurs erreurs empiriques à la base de certaines démonstrations. La conclusion propose un programme d'études préliminaires pour remédier à ces anomalies. Ces travaux pourraient renforcer l'intérêt et l'apport de l'expérience urbaine portugaise dans le cadre de récents appels à un renouveau épistémologique dans la production de théories urbaines.     

An Ethnographic Perspective on Urban Planning in Brazil: Temporality,Diversity and Critical Urban Theory

This article provides an ethnographic perspective on urban planning by presenting the creative practices of marginalized slum residents in Recife, Northeast Brazil, who are affected by planners’ decisions. It argues that such a perspective contributes to current critical urban theory in three ways. First, while many studies of urban planning follow the temporality of the timeframe of a particular project (‘project time’), this analysis emphasizes the timeframe of the lives of the affected residents (‘people's time’). Second, it attends to diversity, taking account of the variety of affected residents and the diverse consequences of urban planning on their lives. Third, it shows how urban interventions — similar to marriage, divorce, the birth of children and the death of loved ones — are high-impact life events for the urban poor. Finally, the article assesses the engagement between ethnography and critical urban theory and argues in favour of ‘grounding’ the latter better in the analysis of actual practices and experiences.     

新城建设:从伦敦、巴黎到北京--多中心下的同与异

比较了伦敦、巴黎、北京新城建设的时空背景和发展过程,分析了北京建设走廊城市需要具备的一些条件,认为北京的新城建设是一个需要克服很多不利条件的过程.     

供应链成员间知识转移影响因素与绩效评价模型研究——基于知识转移过程视角

基于供应链成员间知识转移的过程视角,对供应链成员间知识转移的过程进行系统分析。从理论上探讨供应链成员间知识转移的主要因素,基于变量间的逻辑关系推演出供应链成员间知识转移影响因素与知识转移绩效关系的概念模型。引入加权小世界网络分析方法,构建了供应链成员间知识转移绩效的定量评价模型,为供应链成员间以最小的成本来减少知识转移阻力,提高知识转移绩效提供了指导。     

Planning as Dramaturgy: Agonistic Approaches to Spatial Enactment

In urban planning, inclusion is not necessarily achieved by increasing opportunities for deliberation between planners and residents, as power and exclusion reside in the process of deliberation, especially in the rigid spaces of formal planning hearings. Planners' professional jargon may remain inaccessible to residents, who grasp their living environment in terms of the flow of sensory and social interactions. So the framework of instrumental rationality may exclude softer, yet meaningful, local stories. What is needed in urban planning is a sensitivity for the plurality of these stories. In this article we propose that applied drama methods could provide a novel model for deliberative planning, in order to surpass the silo thinking of instrumental rationality, and ingrained, taken‐for‐granted concepts and identities, by artistic and affective means of argumentation. Furthermore, it seems that residents gain access to the embodied understanding of different trajectories of meaning making by playing the roles of other residents. Drama may provide a channel of expression that helps people move beyond the antagonistic posturing between stakeholders, as well as an empowering way to express the plurality of stories in neighbourhood spaces.     

PLANNING AND GOVERNANCE IN A POSTCOLONIAL CONTEXT: A Historical Institutionalist Approach to Land Use Planning in Morocco

This study is concerned with the way colonial land use planning practices have persisted within local institutional structures in the former French colony of Morocco. We use a historical institutionalist approach to reevaluate Morocco's land use planning history and identify key feedback mechanisms that support the continuity of colonial practices within the Moroccan planning institutional structure. We used institutional mappings to identify key actors involved in planning and examined the formal power relations between them. Interviews were used to discuss the effect of informal interactions on the development of land use plans. We argue that aspects of French colonial planning that persisted within the Moroccan local institutional structure have created constraints for Moroccan land use planning. We focus in particular on how a centralist formalization of planning institutions has hampered the effectiveness of decentralization reforms and explain how institutional patterns deriving from the French paternalist approach to colonial rule have persisted in the form of a duality in modern planning structures. Finally, we argue that this path dependence has been strengthened by the creation of the derogation system as a potential way out for actors who are most capable of inducing change.     

Placing the Urban Village: A Spatial Perspective on the Development Process of Urban Villages in Contemporary China

The rapid urbanization of China since the mid‐1980s has led to the development of a new spatial category, the urban village (chengzhongcun). The dominant neoliberal urban development regime approaches urban villages as a social, spatial, economic and political problem, and as targets for aggressive redevelopment and eradication policies. In this article, I propose a spatial perspective that makes use of several theoretical ‘anchors' to analyze the influence of urban village spatiality on its development process and to explore alternatives to the dominant redevelopment model. I begin by examining the spatial conceptualization of the urban village as a non‐place, arguing that this spatial reading undergirds the redevelopment‐by‐demolition model and tends to obscure alternative conceptualizations. I then move on to propose three alternative readings of urban village space, examining it as an everyday space, a liminal space and a neighborhood. Combining these three readings with the ‘non‐place' conceptualization provides a nuanced understanding of urban villages' unique spatial attributes and social roles, by evoking spatial and social processes that take place in most urban villages across China. Taken together, these spatial readings challenge the social and spatial rigidity of dominant representations of urban villages and supply a much‐needed spatially based conceptual framework that can be used to develop new urban planning models.     

城市规划视角下构建低碳城市的战略选择——以宁夏银川市为例

文章通过对低碳概念的阐述以及对银川市进行低碳城市建设的现实分析,并借鉴国内外经验,提出科学合理的城市规划以引领银川市低碳城市的发展。     

城市生态规划关键技术与方法体系初探

城市生态问题成为城市发展的重要议题。我国城市规划重点内容仍以城市物质空间与建筑景观的规划为主,方法模式化,具有模糊定性,技术和方法体系不完善,生态理念薄弱,且过度追求经济效益,使经济社会的可持续发展受到了极大制约。基于此,针对城市生态网络理论和城市景观生态模式理论中生态支撑、生态安全、生态健康3个核心内容,分别从区域规划、城市总体规划、城市控制性详细规划、城市修建性详细规划等层面,对城市生态规划规划进行了关键技术与方法集成,以响应时代发展观,完善法定城市规划体系,更好地解决城市问题。