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1.
Excess capacity poses a problem in many developing country fisheries. These countries often pursue a development strategy aimed at expanding capacity under open access. Sustainable development, however, requires management. Principal-agent issues from asymmetric information between the regulator and fishers, which potentially form serious obstacles to fisheries management, arise in the likely forms of management. This article discusses principal-agent issues and examines the principal-agent moral hazard issue, which is due to divorce of ownership and vessel operations. The article also illustrates a method for estimating capacity when information is limited. The Peninsular Malaysian purse seine fishery forms a case study.  相似文献   

2.
在渔业资源衰退、渔船节能减排、渔业产业结构调整等多重压力下,短期内海洋捕捞业经济增长日趋困难。渔业技术效率是评价渔业经济增长质量的重要指标,界定其影响因素有助于促进资源优化配置,提高渔业经济增长水平。单拖网作业是中国近海一种重要捕捞方式,本文以海州湾70艘单拖网渔船为研究对象,利用DEA-Tobit模型,分析其技术效率及其影响因素。结果表明,仅有20.0%的海州湾单拖网渔船处于技术有效状态;渔船主机功率、渔船船体长度、渔船船龄以及燃油补贴对其技术效率的影响不显著;年出海天数、船长从业时间和年总成本对其技术效率有显著影响。  相似文献   

3.
Management's critical success factors (MCSFs) are used to indicate how farm profits develop, but their usefulness as profitability predictors has previously not been analyzed statistically. This paper explores the usefulness of some commonly used MCSFs in Swedish dairy farms, by investigating whether the MCSFs are significant predictors of economic efficiency. Further, the paper takes a comprehensive view of evaluating farm level efficiency, in that all major input and output efficiency scores are estimated. Previous literature has focused on only one score, or on only one perspective. Our results show that cost efficiency is the more problematic part of the profitability process. Especially the allocative part needs to be improved. Moreover, the results show that the MCSFs milk quality, herd fertility and involuntary culls ratio may not work as indicators of economic performance, whereas milk yield per cow and the mastitis ratio are significant indicators.  相似文献   

4.
5.
研究目的:通过随机抽样调查,获取W城市3个开发区7个行业243家企业数据,基于C-D生产函数理论构建用地企业视角的土地资源配置效率测度模型,测算不同类型用地企业的土地资源配置效率。研究方法:数据包络分析方法。研究结果:大多数企业的土地资源配置效率都是DEA无效的,土地资源投入冗余值较大,配置效率低下;不同类型企业或同类型的不同企业之间土地资源配置效率的差异性显著。研究结论:当前企业在生产过程中的土地资源配置效率存在巨大提升空间,提升企业的土地资源配置效率是促进土地资源节约集约利用的重要措施之一。  相似文献   

6.
We provide a framework for evaluating potential effects of introducingtradable quotas to a sector. The effects depend on the economiesof scale and scope of the production technology, and on firms'ability and willingness to learn best practice methods (catchingup) and to change their input and output composition (mix).To illustrate our approach, data from the Danish fishery areused to calculate the potential gains from introducing individuallytransferable fishing quotas. Data envelopment analysis is usedto model the production technology. We find that pure reallocationis as important as pure learning, i.e. quota reallocation withoutcatching-up is as valuable as learning best practice with fixedallocations.  相似文献   

7.
[目的]城乡一体化是破解我国三农问题的根本出路,是推动城乡生产要素优化组合、促进城乡协调发展的根本举措。探究城乡一体化发展水平及效率,有助于对今后发展策略及规划的提出提供理论参考。[方法]从城乡空间一体化、经济一体化、社会一体化和生态一体化4个方面系统构建评价体系,对2007—2017年湖南省城乡一体化发展水平展开评价,进一步采用数据包络分析模型中的CCR模型和BCC模型测算了该省城乡一体化发展的效率。[结果](1)2007—2017年湖南省城乡一体化发展水平评价分值整体上呈现明显的递增趋势,由2007年的0.148提高到2017年的0.821。其中经济一体化和社会一体化发展水平评价分值也呈递增趋势,城乡空间一体化和生态一体化发展水平存在一定波动,但整体发展势头良好。(2)2007—2017年湖南省城乡一体化发展的纯技术效率均为1.000,综合效率的变化趋势与规模效率表现高度的一致性。(3)2009年和2011—2013年湖南省城乡一体化发展的综合效率和规模效率均小于1.000,存在投入过剩和产出不足的现象,规模效益递减。2014—2017年投入和产出达到了最优状态。[结论]湖南省城乡一体化发展水平明显提升,发展效率处于良好的状态。进一步通过优化资源配置,促进城乡空间、社会、经济和生态协调发展,是推动城乡一体化的发展进程的重要突破口。  相似文献   

8.
2008年中国奶制品污染事件已过去十多年,乳制品业经过这十多年的重新洗牌,呈现出另一番景象。根据相关新闻报道,某些曾经受到波及的企业经过这些年的精益求精,目前已成为行业中的领跑者,然而某些未受到影响反而在当时获利的企业却由于近年来管理决策不当,地位早已不复从前。本文为了解自中国奶制品污染事件以来不同企业在乳制品供应链各环节的效率差异,构建由生产加工环节与储运销售环节组成的两阶段数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis,DEA)的效率测度模型,并运用软件将相关企业各环节投入产出数据代入模型进行分析讨论。结果表明,不同企业在供应链的不同环节各有优势,在各环节处于劣势的企业应向优势企业学习借鉴,并通过减小资源投入或提高技术能力,不断改进完善自我;乳制品供应链各环节对其整体效率的影响也各不相同,在实际管理过程中,管理者应根据影响程度的大小,合理设置权重以便更好地进行分析。  相似文献   

9.
基于DEA的区域农地生产效率差异研究   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8  
研究目的:对中国“七五”到“十五”期间区域农地的生产效率差异进行比较研究。研究方法:数据包络分析DEA的C2R模型和BC2模型。研究结果:(1)传统农业大省和经济发达地区的农地综合生产效率和技术效率较高,农业生产具有优势。(2)规模收益值的计算结果显示,东中部地区农业生产的投入结构存在着问题,西部地区投入不足。(3)从时间序列的比较分析中发现,在“十五”期间各地区的农地生产效率都出现了下降趋势,表明工业化和城市化对中国农业生产存在较大影响。  相似文献   

10.
文章运用非参数的DEA(数据包络分析)模型,对我国31个地区的渔业生产效率进行实证研究,结果表明:我国部分地区渔业生产效率走在全国前列,大部分地区表现为粗放型的技术进步特征,生产效率始终在较低水平徘徊,综合效率有待进一步提高。各省在渔业生产要素投入上应当根据实际情况合理搭配避免投入过多造成资源浪费、不可持续发展。  相似文献   

11.
随着我国人口数量的上升和居民消费水平提高,蔬菜的消费需求不断增加,蔬菜生产和供应的稳定增加至关重要,而提高蔬菜生产效率是保证供应稳定的重要途径.运用面板数据DEA分析法——Malmquist指数法计算了2003~ 2009年全国27个大中城市露地番茄生产的全要素生产效率值,并将各地区的全要素生产率分解为技术变化、纯技术效率和规模效率.通过对计算结果的分析认为,我国经济发达地区新技术的投入水平较高,但全国范围内对已有技术的利用程度较低,我国露地番茄的生产效率还有很大提升空间.  相似文献   

12.
We examine the firm‐specific determinants of technical efficiency in Australian mining companies using data envelopment analysis (DEA). To do so, we employ panel data sourced from individual mining companies listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) over the period 2010–2014. To ensure valid statistical inference in the presence of serial correlation between DEA efficiency scores, we apply Simar and Wilson's two‐stage bootstrap method. We find that ownership concentration, firm size, firm age, product portfolio, product diversification and growth status significantly contribute to efficiency gains. However, other firm‐specific factors, such as capacity utilisation, financial risk and overseas operations appear to have limited impact on the technical efficiency of mining firms.  相似文献   

13.
论文利用数据包络分析法(DEA)对我国主要港口2000~2010年间的经营效率进行分析。结果表明,港口体制改革之后我国港口吞吐量增长迅速,但运营效率变化并不十分明显。通过生产率指数分析和效率改进分析发现,港口平均综合技术效率的变化并不明显,并且实际投入值远远大于有效投入值。这说明港口体制改革之后,我国港口行业出现了无序竞争、港口建设规模不合理、投入拥挤等问题。最后有针对性地提出了改善我国港口营运效率的政策建议。  相似文献   

14.
基于DEA非有效改进的陕西省耕地生产效率研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究目的:对陕西省1990-2011年期间耕地生产效率及DEA非有效地区进行实证分析。研究方法:数据包络分析DEA的CCR模型和BCC模型。研究结果:(1)长期以来,陕西省耕地生产效率具有较大的波动性,并且省内各个地区之间存在着较大的差异;(2)非DEA有效的5个地市普遍存在着投入冗余与产出不足的情况,其根本原因就在于耕地的投入产出过程中投入资源没有得到最有效配置和利用。研究结论:只有改变单纯依靠扩大投入的规模型增长方式,针对每一地区的实际情况制定合理的投入规模,尽可能地提高投入资源的利用效率,才能使耕地生产效率得到有效提高。  相似文献   

15.
    
We model production technology in a state‐contingent framework assuming that the firms maximise ex ante their preference function subject to stochastic technology constraint; in other words, firms are assumed to act rationally. We show that rational producers who face the same stochastic technology can make significantly different production choices. Further, we develop an econometric methodology to estimate the risk‐neutral probabilities, efficiency scores and the parameters of stochastic technology when there are two states of nature and only one of which is observed. Finally, we simulate noiseless data based on our state‐contingent specification of technology. Our state‐contingent estimator recovers technology parameters and other economic quantities of interest without any error. But, when we apply conventional efficiency estimators to the simulated data, we obtain biased estimates of technical efficiency.  相似文献   

16.
    
This study computes the eco‐efficiency of high‐yielding variety (HYV) rice production by including an on‐farm environmental damage index (OFEDI) as an undesirable output using data envelopment analysis. It then identifies its determinants by applying an interval regression procedure on a sample of 317 farmers from north‐western Bangladesh. Results reveal that the mean level of the OFEDI‐adjusted production efficiency (i.e. eco‐efficiency) is 89 per cent, whereas ignoring OFEDI adjustment (i.e. with OFEDI = 0) reduces the mean level of efficiency to 69 per cent, implying that the production of undesirable output or on‐farm environmental damage induces an efficiency loss of 20 per cent with significant differences across regions. The proportion of farmers’ income from HYV rice agriculture, land ownership, extension services and socio‐environmental living standard are the significant determinants of improving eco‐efficiency. Policy implications include investments in extension services and land reform measures to increase land ownership, which will synergistically improve eco‐efficiency of HYV rice production in Bangladesh.  相似文献   

17.
陕西省耕地利用效率及其影响因素研究   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
研究目的:对陕西省1990—2008年期间耕地利用效率变化状况及其外部影响因素进行实证分析。研究方法:采用DEA-Tobit两步法,运用BCC模型对陕西省耕地利用效率进行评价,通过Tobit模型分析其影响因素。研究结果:(1)各地区间的耕地利用效率存在很大差异,咸阳、延安、汉中、安康4市和杨凌示范区耕地利用效率常年处于有效或高效状态。(2)耕地利用效率的变化主要是由纯技术效率的变化引起的。(3)单位耕地面积农业机械总动力、有效灌溉率、受灾面积占农作物播种面积比重、人均国内生产总值和政策虚拟变量等因素对陕西省耕地利用效率影响显著。研究结论:1990—2008年陕西省耕地利用效率具有较大的波动性,省内各地区间存在较大差异,耕地利用效率同时受多种因素共同影响。  相似文献   

18.
运用数据包络分析法(DEA)对2003~2012年中国森林公园的供给效率进行评价。结果表明:政府投资不足制约了森林公园的发展;森林公园供给的综合效率整体水平较低;技术效率相对较为平衡;产出的增长速度低于投入的增长速度,存在分工不明确、缺乏专业经营管理经验等问题。因此,森林公园应将生产组织多元化与政府干预相结合,从而提高森林公园的供给效率,促进森林旅游业的发展与森林生态资源的保护。  相似文献   

19.
营林生产是扩大森林面积、提高森林质量的重要基础性工作,直接关系到森林资源可持续经营的实现。根据营林生产的特点,本文在构造营林生产效率评价指标体系的基础上,利用数据包络分析方法 (DEA)的优势,对黑龙江森工林区40个林业局的营林生产投入产出效率进行了评价。评价结果表明:黑龙江森工林区总体的营林生产效率较低,有较大的改善空间,各林业局营林生产总效率差距较大;对DEA无效林业局进行投影分析,各林业局的投入冗余较为严重,同时营林生产产出严重不足,有较大的提升空间,资源浪费情况较严重。  相似文献   

20.
    
In spite of the potential for rice‐fish farming in Bangladesh, it has been adopted by relatively few farmers because of socioeconomic, environmental, technological and institutional constraints. Rice monoculture remains the main farming system in Bangladesh even though integrated rice‐fish farming is the best farming system in terms of resource utilisation, diversity, productivity, production efficiency and food supply. Only a small number of farmers involve in integrated rice‐fish farming. This study concludes that rice‐fish farming is as production efficient as rice monoculture and that integrated performs better in terms of cost and technical efficiency compared with alternate rice‐fish farming. Integrated rice‐fish farming can help Bangladesh keep pace with the current demand for food through rice and fish production. However, a lack of technical knowledge of farmers, high production costs and risks associated with flood and drought are inhibiting more widespread adoption of the practice.  相似文献   

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