对我国农产品期货市场价格有效性的实证检验

本文从考察期货价格与未来现货价格之间的关系入手,在风险溢价理论框架下,借助协整分析法对我国两大农产品期货市场的价格有效性进行了规范的实证检验。结果显示:大豆和小麦期货价格与未来现货价格之间均存在协整关系,期货价格对最后交易日现货价格具有预测能力,且大豆、小麦期货市场都支持风险溢价假说,在风险溢价条件下呈现有效状态。     

农产品利用期货市场规避市场风险探析

选用中国小麦期货市场为例,分析期货价格和未来现货价格之间的协整关系来检验期货市场效率,结果表明:我国小麦的现货价格和期货价格之间存在长期均衡关系,即说明了中国小麦期货市场的有效性。     

我国铜期货价格和现货价格协整关系分析

本文采用协整检验方法,对上海期货交易所铜期货价格与现货价格之间是否存在协整关系进行实证分析,结果表明铜期货价格和现货价格之间不存在协整关系。针对实证研究的结果,分析了出现这种结果的原因,并探讨我国铜期货市场、现货市场上存在的问题。     

中国棉花期货市场定价效率研究

近些年棉花价格受供需差额影响大幅度波动,很多没有预计到价格变化的棉纺织企业由于缺乏库存,面临更高的生产成本而不得不停止生产。人们越来越关注棉花期货市场价格对未来现货价格的预测能力。本文先叙述中国棉花市场的发展状况,然后运用协整分析、格兰杰因果检验等方法研究中国棉花期货价格与现货价格的关系,分析中国棉花期货市场的定价效率。研究发现中国棉花期货市场价格与现货价格具有长期的稳定关系,中国棉花期货市场定价对现货市场有引导作用。     

PTA期现价格动态关系实证研究

以郑州期货交易所PTA期货和进口、国产PTA现货为研究对象,利用格兰杰因果检验、协整检验、误差修正模型等方法,分析了我国PTA期货市场与现货市场长期均衡关系和短期动态关联关系。结果表明:国内的现货PTA价格和期货PTA价格是互相引导的;PTA期货价格对现货价格的影响强于现货价格对期货价格的影响;短期来看PTA期货价格与现货价格之间存在协整关系;长期来看PTA期货价格与现货价格保持着长期的均衡关系。以上研究表明,我国PTA期货市场已基本具备市场价格发现功能和一定的价格自我约束机制。     

上海燃料油期货价格发现功能研究——基于GS模型的实证分析

本文选择相关系数、协整检验、误差修正模型、Granger因果检验、Garbade-Silber模型对上海燃料油期货市场价格发现功能发挥和价格引导情况进行递进、全面的分析,实证结果显示上海燃料油期货价格与国内现货价格之间存在协整关系,燃料油期货价格发现功能得到一定程度发挥,但仅存在现货价格对期货价格的单向引导关系,且在价格发现功能中,现货价格起着决定性的作用。     

期货市场在我国食糖价格形成中作用的实证研究

选取白糖市场数据,借助协整检验、误差修正模型、Granger因果检验、Hasbrouk信息份额模型和脉冲响应函数等计量分析方法,从价格发现效率的视角对期货市场在我国食糖市场价格形成中的作用进行实证研究.结果表明,期货价格与现货价格之间具有长期均衡关系,期货市场发现价格的效率明显高于现货市场,期货市场对我国食糖市场价格形成中处于主导地位.应充分发挥期货市场功能,完善我国食糖市场价格形成机制,形成以期货价格为主要参考的多层次、高效率的食糖市场价格体系.     

我国黄金期货和现货市场价格波动的实证研究

期货市场作为在现货市场上高度组织化和规范化而形成的市场形式,其价格发现的功能起到促进现货市场价格合理完善的作用.2008年1月9号上海期货交易所推出黄金期货合约以来,黄金期货市场已经运行了四年多的时间.本文通过对我国黄金期货市场和现货市场的价格发现机制进行实证检验,分析我国黄金期货市场是否起到对黄金现货市场价格引导和发现的作用.实证结果表明:黄金期货价格和黄金现货价格存在长期协整关系.在短期,黄金现货价格变动对黄金期货价格变动的影响强于期货价格变动对现货价格的影响.我国黄金期货市场运行效率还有待提高,其价格发现功能有待进一步改善.     

基于SVAR模型的我国铜期货价格发现功能的实证研究

本文通过协整检验、格兰杰因果检验以及SVAR模型上的脉冲响应和方差分解,对我国铜期货市场和现货市场之间的价格发现功能进行实证研究,结果表明铜期货价格和现货价格存在协整关系和单向的格兰杰因果关系,铜期货市场在价格发现功能中处于主导地位。     

中国棉花期货价格和现货价格的互动关系研究

本研究选取2004年6月1日-2011年6月23日间的棉花期货价格和现货价格,运用ADF检验、协整检验、Granger因果检验等一系列计量方法对二者互动关系做实证检验。协整检验和Granger因果检验结果显示棉花期货价格和现货价格之间存在长期的均衡关系且有双向因果关系,表明棉花期货价格和现货价格之间存在着互动关系。脉冲响应函数结果说明,从长期来看棉花期货市场对棉花现货市场的影响力更大。方差分解结果表明我国棉花期货市场已经逐渐走向成熟,而现货市场机制还需进一步完善。     

Cointegration,unbiased expectations,and forecasting in the BIFFEX freight futures market

The relationship between freight cash and futures prices is investigated using cointegration econometrics. Results illustrate that the BIFFEX futures market is unbiased, and hence efficient for the current, one, two, and quarterly contract horizons. Since the futures contract is based on an index of various shipping routes, which has undergone several changes since its inception, stability in the relationship between the spot and futures rates is investigated using rolling cointegration techniques. Results indicate that the futures contract appears to have become more efficient over time in predicting the spot rate, and that the decrease in trading volume found in the BIFFEX market is not driven by a lack of efficiency in this market. Rather, the decrease in futures trading might be attributed to the growth rate of the freight forward market. This article incorporates the long‐run cointegrating relationships between cash and futures prices in a forecasting model and compares the forecasting performance of this model with several alternatives. It is found that while the futures price is the best predictor of future spot rates for the current‐month contract, time‐series models can outperform the futures contract at longer contract horizons. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 20:545–571, 2000.     

Extreme volatility,speculative efficiency,and the hedging effectiveness of the oil futures markets

This study investigates the efficiency of the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) Division light sweet crude oil futures contract market during recent periods of extreme conditional volatility. Crude oil futures contract prices are found to be cointegrated with spot prices and unbiased predictors of future spot prices, including the period prior to the onset of the Iraqi war and until the formation of the new Iraqi government in April 2005. Both futures and spot prices exhibit asymmetric volatility characteristics. Hedging performance is improved when asymmetries are accounted for. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:61–84, 2007     

Trading protocols and price discovery: Implicit transaction costs in Indian single stock futures

We show how trading protocols impede the price discovery process in single stock futures as implicit trade costs outweigh explicit costs. Despite the trade volume dominance, trade costs advantage and leverage efficiency in futures markets, single stock futures account for only 35% of the price discovery vis-á-vis the spot market. Futures market's informational efficiency is adversely affected by market frictions in the form of marketwide position limits, minimum contract values, and margin requirements.     

Reversing the lead,or a series of unfortunate events? NYMEX,ICE, and Amaranth

A number of studies compare the efficiency and transparency of floor trading with automated/electronic trading systems in the competition for order flow. Although most of these studies find that electronic systems lead price discovery, a few studies highlight the weaknesses of electronic trading in highly volatile market conditions. A series of unusual events in 2006, sparking extreme volatility in natural gas futures trading, provide an ideal setting to revisit the resilience of trading system price leadership in the face of high volatility. We estimate time‐varying Hasbrouck‐style information shares to investigate the intertemporal and cross‐sectional dynamics in price discovery. The results strongly suggest that the information share is time‐dependent and contract‐dependent. Floor trading dominates price discovery in the less liquid longer‐maturity contracts, whereas electronic trading dominates price discovery in the most liquid spot‐month contract. We find that the floor trading information share increases significantly with realized volatility. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:1130–1160, 2009     

浅析套期保值中棉花套利的应用

套保套利是指以规避现货价格风险为目的的期货交易行为.企业开展套保套利交易,是将期货市场当作转移价格风险的场所,利用期货合约作为将来在现货市场上买卖商品的临时替代物,对其现在买进但准备以后售出的商品或对将来需要买进的商品的价格进行"锁定"的交易活动.套保套利的本质在于"风险对冲"和"风险转移".     

Impact of bitcoin futures on the informational efficiency of bitcoin spot market

This study examines the informational efficiency of the bitcoin spot market by evaluating the predictive power of mechanical trading rules designed to exploit price continuation. Significant return predictability is found until the introduction of bitcoin futures in December 2017. The forecasting ability of trend‐chasing trading rules declines dramatically afterwards. Although evidence suggests that the introduction of bitcoin futures has increased the informational efficiency of the bitcoin spot market, no signs of improvement in informational efficiency are found in ethereum, the second‐largest cryptocurrency—following the introduction of bitcoin futures.     

Does Index Futures Trading Reduce Volatility in the Chinese Stock Market? A Panel Data Evaluation Approach

This study investigates the effect of introducing index futures trading on the spot price volatility in the Chinese stock market. We employ a recently developed panel data policy evaluation approach (Hsiao, Ching, and Wan, 2011) to construct counterfactuals of the spot market volatility, based mainly on cross‐sectional correlations between the Chinese and international stock markets. This new method does not need to specify a particular regression or a time‐series model for the volatility process around the introduction date of index futures trading, and thus avoids the potential omitted variable bias caused by uncontrolled market factors in the existing literature. Our results provide empirical evidence that the introduction of index futures trading significantly reduces the volatility of the Chinese stock market, which is robust to different model selection criteria and various prediction approaches. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 33:1167–1190, 2013     

Price Discovery in the Pits: The Role of Market Makers on the CBOT and the Sydney Futures Exchange

This paper uses the methods of error correction and common factor analysis to estimate the contribution of locals (market makers who may participate directly by trading for their own account) and non‐local traders to price discovery on the floor of the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) and the Sydney Futures Exchange (SFE) during a period when open outcry trading was used on both exchanges. We examine these two execution channels for the CBOT's U.S. Treasury bond contract and the SFE's three‐year bonds, ten‐year bonds, ninety‐day bankers' accepted bills, and stock index contracts. For each of the futures contracts, the trade price series of local and non‐local traders are cointegrated. VAR analysis reveals lag structures eight to fifteen trades long in the dynamic adjustment of equilibrium prices in these markets, but time spans of only one to three seconds within synchronous trades. We find evidence of multilateral price discovery by the two execution channels for each of the five contracts. Locals account for 44 to 73% of the price discovery in the four SFE contracts and for 58% of the price discovery in the CBOT's T‐bond contract. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:785–804, 2004     

The effectiveness of coordinating price limits across futures and spot markets

We extend the work of Brennan ( 1986 ) to investigate whether the imposition of spot price limits can further reduce the default risk and lower the effective margin requirement for a futures contract that is already under price limits. Our results show that spot price limits do indeed further reduce the default risk and margin requirement effectively. In addition, the more precise the information is that comes from the spot market, the more the spot price limit rule constrains the information available to the losing party. The default probability, contract costs, and margin requirements are then lowered to a greater degree. Furthermore, for a given margin, both spot price limits and futures price limits can partially substitute for each other in ensuring contract performance. The common practice of imposing equal price limits on both the spot and futures markets, though not coinciding with the efficient contract design, has a lower contract cost and margin requirement than that without imposing spot price limits. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:577–602, 2003     

The relative efficiency of commodity futures markets

The ability of futures markets to predict subsequent spot prices has been a controversial topic for a number of years. Empirical evidence to date is mixed; for any given market, some studies find evidence of efficiency, others of inefficiency. In part, these apparently conflicting findings reflect differences in the time periods analyzed and the methods chosen for testing. A limitation of existing tests is the classification of markets as either efficient or inefficient with no assessment of the degree to which efficiency is present. This article presents tests for unbiasedness and efficiency across a range of commodity and financial futures markets, using a cointegration methodology, and develops a measure of relative efficiency. In general, the findings suggest that spot and futures prices are cointegrated with a slope coefficient that is close to unity, so that the postulated long-run relationship is accepted. However, there is evidence that the long-run relationship does not hold in the short run; specifically, changes in the spot price are explained by lagged differences in spot and futures prices as well as by the basis. This suggests that market inefficiencies exist in the sense that past information can be used by agents to predict spot price movements. A measure of the relative degree of inefficiency (based on forecast error variances) is then used to compare the performance of different markets. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 19: 413–432, 1999