R&D subsidies and productivity in eastern European countries

This paper shows that R&D subsidy policies at the European Union (EU) and national levels stimulated labor productivity in Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC) in the years after their entry to the EU. However, the average impact of national funding on labor productivity was higher for countries in the Western control group than in the CEEC sample. EU R&D subsidies compensated the CEEC in part for the greater innovation impact of Western economies. Although they crowded out some R&D subsidies by local governments at the country level, the EU subsidies crowded in many national and local subsidies at the firm level. Local/regional state innovation aid to enterprises encouraged no increase in labor productivity in all but one of the sample CEEC countries. These impacts are assessed in a sequential structural econometric model estimated using Eurostat’s collection of Community Innovation Surveys covering the years 2006–2014.     

刺激消费的财政补贴真能拯救企业吗? ——来自家电下乡政策的证据

在中美贸易摩擦和新冠肺炎疫情的背景下,中国要逐步形成国内大循环为主的发展格局,这就需要增强消费对经济发展的基础性作用.基于此,本文考察刺激消费的财政补贴对企业的影响,利用2007年开始的家电下乡政策和来自中国工业企业数据库的数据,运用倍差法估计其对企业的影响.研究结果表明该政策对企业的生产和销售并未产生显著影响,但是显示该政策显著提升了企业盈利,且该增加是通过提价来实现的.这表明类似政策的出台需要更多的权衡.     

政府补助与公司投资行为——基于中国上市公司的数据

基于公司投资视角,以2007—2012年我国资本市场上A股上市公司为样本,研究政府补助对公司投资行为的影响,结果显示：政府补助越多,公司投资支出水平越高;政府补助对非国有公司的投资激励作用比国有公司更有效;公司产权性质差异会影响政府补助的投资激励效应;市场化程度越低、经济增长越缓慢的地区,政府补助对公司投资支出的影响越敏感;上市公司的非效率投资问题比较突出,政府补助加剧了上市公司的过度投资行为。因此,政府应根据微观企业主体的差异性来制定和实施相应的补助政策,以实现预期效果。     

Entrepreneurship and diversification on English farms: Identifying business enterprise characteristics and change processes

Despite the growing importance attached to entrepreneurship as a policy concept in European Union (EU) agriculture, little assessment has been made of its practical application. This paper makes a preliminary consideration of the issues in relation to on-farm diversification. First the literatures on agricultural diversification and innovation are reviewed to establish entrepreneurial traits in (1) business change processes, and (2) business enterprise characteristics. The business enterprise characteristics are then used to identify entrepreneurial diversified businesses from a sample of 118 agricultural enterprises in England. Some 15 entrepreneurial farm businesses were identified and their managers interviewed to reflect on the underlying change processes that they had adopted during 1997–2001; the effects of diversification in terms of socio-economic benefits at business and regional levels; and the effectiveness of agricultural business advice services in supporting entrepreneurial behaviour. Respondents confirmed the importance of networking processes to managing change in their businesses. Importantly all had benefited from diversification, through increased net income, reduced dependence on agricultural subsidies and greater income stability during the survey period. Regional economic benefits were more difficult to quantify, although positive employment generating effects were evident among businesses. Importantly respondents commented on their disengagement from sectoral extension agencies in contrast to their enthusiastic use of generic business support. Consequently, consideration is made of adjustments in extension and advisory provision to enhance on-farm entrepreneurial diversification.     

The effects of public support schemes on small and medium enterprises

In this paper we will investigate the effects of direct grants and tax incentives on recipient small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Direct grants and tax incentives are two different public instruments used to correct market failure and facilitate innovation through lowering the cost of R&D. Although large and small firms innovate in different ways, so far limited empirical evidence has been reported with respect to the effectiveness of public R&D instruments for SMEs. Our data suggests that direct subsidies used alone or with tax incentives strengthen the R&D orientation of the SME as well as some aspects of innovation output and absorptive capacity. Although the effects of policy measures are significant when comparison is made to firms that did not use any of the two instruments, not much difference is found when users of direct grants are compared to those who used both the grants and the tax incentives. This result indicates the existence of limitations in the use of tax incentives by SMEs, and thus suggests that subsidies may be the primary instrument in SMEs.     

Unemployment and the Independent European System of Central Banks

A bstract .This paper scrutinizes the case for an Independent European System of Central Banks (IESCB) Proposals for IESCB are based on some specific interrelated theoretical propositions upon which we cast some doubt The case for an IESCB is rejected on the grounds that it would worsen the performance of the real economy We propose different arrangements, which are focused on high levels of employment throughout the European Union as the prime objective Such a scenario, which emphasizes full employment and requires coordination among member countries in terms of economic policy, will avoid most, if not all, of the problems of the IESCB proposals. The alternative would thus be better able to tackle the unemployment problems of the European Union     

小微企业技术型人力资源共享模式与路径研究--以崇左市为例

小微企业既是新时代发展的活力源泉,也是推动崇左市经济转型升级的重要力量。论文通过分析崇左市小微企业技术型人力资源共享的现状,介绍崇左市小微企业可以选择的技术型人力资源共享模式,讨论小微企业采取技术型人力资源共享模式的制约因素,最后提出崇左市小微企业技术型人力资源共享的优化路径,以期促进崇左市小微企业的可持续发展。     

国外低碳经济发展的经验及比较

本文从战略导向、政策立法、经济调节、技术支持和资金投入等五个方面,对欧、美、日、印发展低碳经济的状况进行了阐述,并对其进行了比较分析,得出:各国都意识到发展低碳经济的重要性,要不断探索新能源,加强国际合作;但由于国情不同也存在一些差异,欧盟和日本政府对发展低碳经济的认识具有前瞻性,在方法的逻辑性与技术的先进性方面,日本更具优势;在此基础上,提出我国要借鉴国外的成功经验大力发展低碳经济,走低碳可持续发展之路。     

浅析区块链技术对小微企业信用认证及融资的作用

随着经济社会的全面发展,经济全球化已经成为全新的发展趋势,紧随其后的是后金融危机时代的到来。区块链是一种特定的数据技术,它在安全和便捷方面一直被业内人士所看好。论文围绕区块链技术对小微企业信用认证及融资的作用展开讨论分析,通过讨论分析有助于实现小微企业成功融资,为我国小微企业提供强有力的保障与支撑。     

政府审计能提升财政补贴对企业创新的促进作用吗?

以政府审计对财政补贴分配的监督为切入点,研究政府审计能否有效提升财政补贴对企业创新的促进作用。研究发现：政府审计能够发挥威慑效应,降低财政补贴的错配程度,因而能提升财政补贴对企业创新投入的促进作用;政府审计的威慑效应内生于法制环境,在法制环境好的地区,政府审计才能有效发挥威慑效应,才能提升财政补贴对企业创新的促进作用。研究结果提供了政府审计在国家创新发展战略中作用的微观证据,有一定的启示意义。     

出口退税、财政补贴能否提高企业出口强度？——基于货物贸易和服务贸易的对比分析

以出口退税、财政补贴影响企业出口的理论为基础,采用2016年全国税收调查数据和OLS估计法进行实证检验。研究发现：出口退税显著激励企业货物出口强度,而财政补贴显著激励企业服务出口强度;出口退税对加工贸易企业的货物出口激励效应比非加工贸易企业显著,财政补贴对非加工贸易企业的服务出口激励效应更显著;出口退税、财政补贴对自贸区企业的出口激励效应小于非自贸区企业;出口退税、财政补贴对东部企业、涉外企业的出口激励效应较大,私有企业次之,国有企业不显著甚至负效应;出口退税降低企业负债融资,而财政补贴增加企业股权融资,缓解出口的融资约束。     

The role of financial development on the underground economy in regards to Europe’s 2020 strategy

This paper attempts to investigate the relationships between development in the financial sector and the size of the underground economy in European Union countries. Our aim is to investigate the role of financial sector development when it comes to the size of the underground economy, as well as how financial development aids in meeting the growth objectives of the ‘Europe 2020 Strategy’. Panel data analysis will be conducted for the period 2004–2017 in order to examine the effects of financial sector development on the size of the underground economy. The main findings of this paper suggest that financial development has a significantly reducing effect on the size of the underground economy. In conclusion, development within the financial sector significantly lessens underground economic activity in the European Union. With further development of the financial sector, underground economies will not be an obstacle for the fulfilment of the cohesion and growth objectives of the Europe 2020 strategy.     

State-owned enterprises' political capital,city administrative rank and economic resources acquisition: Empirical evidence from Chinese capital markets

This paper examines the impact of Chinese State-Owned Enterprises' (SOE) corporate political capital and the administrative rank of the city where the firm is located on their ability to acquire economic resources. The study found that the stronger the political capital owned by SOEs and the higher the administrative rank of the cities in which SOEs were located, the easier it was for them to obtain more loans and subsidies. We also found that as the city administrative rank increased, the positive effect of SOEs' political capital on economic resources acquisition also increased. When SOEs were divided into commercial competitive versus specific functional enterprises, the administrative rank of the city in which the enterprise was located played a significant positive role in obtaining economic resources for commercial competitive enterprises, while the role of their political capital played a limited role. For specific functional enterprises, their own political capital played the more significant positive role. This paper expands the research scope of corporate political connections with a new perspective.     

城市生活垃圾资源化政府最优补贴博弈分析

城市生活垃圾资源化能够带来巨大的经济效益、环境效益与社会效益,是贯彻国家绿色发展理念的必经之路。城市生活垃圾资源化体系的持续发展需要政府补贴作为保障,减少资源化产品与同类非资源化产品的价格差异,弥补相关企业投入产出不匹配的矛盾。本文基于社会福利最大化理论,将政府补贴作为决策变量,构建各利益主体之间的价格博弈模型,确定政府最优补贴额度和其他主体的最优决策,并根据结论提出相关建议。研究表明:要实现整体效益最大化,政府需要在不同环节采取不同的补贴方式与补贴额度。     

Economic cohesion and development of the European Union's regions and member states - A methodological proposal to measure and identify the degree of regional economic cohesion

The EU cohesion policy seeks to mitigate imbalances between countries and regions and enhance greater economic development of the whole Union. However, notwithstanding its efforts and certain progress on this issue, territorial disparities still represent an open challenge for the European Union, which requires improving the cohesion policy, particularly regarding its measurement, in order to allocate resources more efficiently.This article aims to propose an innovative methodology to measure and identify the degree of cohesion of both EU NUTS-2 regions and member states in economic terms. To this end we first selected the main indicators which would better explain GDP per capita growth by applying factor analysis; and second, we measure the degree of cohesion as the relationship between economic development and its potential attributable to the inequalities detected in the selected set of indicators. To ensure the robustness of this research, we compared the results obtained by applying the Gini, Atkinson, and Theil indexes. Finally, the Economic Cohesion Index (ECI) has been elaborated in order to identify regions that, regardless of their economic development, still present a very low level of cohesion within the group in which it is compared.The main findings indicate that the 27 EU countries are quite cohesive. On the contrary, from the regional perspective, the study shows important imbalances between economic development and its potential that mainly affect the regions of Greece, Spain, and Italy, where Greece is the leading country among less developed regions and Spain and Italy among more developed.     

Do parent organizations influence R&D decisions of academic spin-offs?

Research on academic spin-offs (ASOs) usually focused on their economic performance, but there was a lack of discussion on the decision-making grounds of enterprise behaviors. This study analyzes the influence of parent organizations on R&D investment of ASOs through listed high-tech enterprises in China. It is found that ASOs controlled by the parent organizations have a higher R&D investment. With the organizational imprinting theory and signaling theory, we attempt to attribute the R&D tendency to the higher financing efficiency and government subsidies. The conclusions provide a new inspiration and explanation the inherent logic of ASOs' active participation in innovation activities.     

论欧盟对华反倾销歧视政策的松动

文章指出,欧盟对华反倾销歧视政策虽然有所松动,但中国的企业仍然很难得到市场经济地位或个案待遇的承认,因此通过分析欧盟对华反倾销现状后得出结论:欧盟反倾销法是其灵活性与消极性的统一。     

基于小微企业困境的商会职能架构实证研究——以温州永嘉地区泵阀行业为例

本文依据2012年初对温州永嘉地区泵阀行业的小微企业的调查及实地走访,了解小微企业目前的经营及融资现状。发现本行业小微企业目前处于转型升级的关键阶段,主要存在工人成本上升、土地供应紧张、融资难、产品技术含量低等困境。而小微企业虽然数量庞大,但他们的问题没有得到切实的关注。商会作为企业的代表在帮助小微企业发展的过程中存在自身组织管理和职能方面的缺陷。我们认为,商会应该发挥更大的作用,通过商会立法、股份制改革、聘用职业经理人和市场化运营等方式有效提高商会管理效率并加强与企业和政府的沟通并提供人力资源、融资、技术设备革新的服务,帮助小微企业解决经营及融资困境,推动小微企业进行转型升级,落实十二五规划,实现国家淘汰落后产能,进行新型工业化发展的道路。     

提升企业核心竞争力 推动桂林机床大发展

提升企业核心竞争力,既是我国加快转变经济发展方式对企业提出的要求,也是企业提高市场竞争力,推动企业发展,实现科学发展的需要。企业只有不断提升自己的核心竞争力,才能在市场竞争中战胜对手;但是,大多数企业多年实行的是老一套＂大而全、小而全＂的发展模式,致使企业的工业产值停滞不前,经济效益受到极大影响。所以,加强和提升企业核心竞争力,推动桂林机床股份有限公司的发展上规模、上水平,为桂林市的经济发展作出更大的贡献。     

SURVEY OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SE EUROPE – A NEW CONCEPTUAL FRAME FOR SUSTAINABILITY METRICS

The practice so far has indicated that there is a sensitive relationship that exists between social and economic subsystem of sustainable development, therefore this research suggests comparison of the states of these two subsystems as a new conceptual frame which is essential for strategic conceptualization of development. The research pointed out a rather visible collision between the achieved degree of economic and social development in the countries of South Eastern Europe in respect to Germany and France, which were taken into consideration as two of the most developed countries in the European Union and in the entire world. The indicators which are given in this research point to the necessity of further scientific and practical consideration of strategic conceptualization of relationship between economics and society.