非正式制度与农业保险制度变迁研究

在农业保险制度的历史变迁中,非正式制度仍发挥很重要的作用,应正确引导和充分发挥非正式制度正向功能,重视习俗影响,塑造道德理念和建构新型文化,积极探索非正式制度与正式农业保险制度的有效结合。构筑在制度和文化层面上的农业保险体系。     

制度产生、制度变迁的博弈浅析

制度经济学的研究对象和研究方法和博弈论有很多的相似性,本文利用博弈论对正式和非正式制度的产生和变迁 迁作了一定的分析。     

企业并购的制度变迁分析

企业并购是资本扩张的重要途径之一,也是企业产权契约的重新签定过程,并购能否成功很大程度上取决于制度整合是否有效。当前我国企业并购的行政色彩仍很浓,并购过程中注重正式制度整合,忽略非正式制度;制度整合的方法比较僵化,忽视环境的复杂性等。企业并购的成功率不高,针对这些问题文章深入探究其根源,并据此提出一些建议和对策。     

制度变迁与中国保险业增长

制度变革是推动中国保险业高速发展的最直接原因.保障制度、企业制度、收入分配制度等的变革所释放出的保险需求为保险企业的产生和发展提供了市场前提和空间,保险主体的多元化、企业行为的市场化增加了保险供给能力,两方面的共同作用形成了我国保险业的持续快速增长.而保险监管的市场化、法制化则为保险企业提供了宽松的竞争环境,保证了保险业增长的稳定性和持续性.     

近代中国中央银行制度思想演进

从清末(1884～1911年)、北洋政府(1911～1927年)到国民政府时期(1927～1949年),社会各界对于中国建立中央银行制度的必要性、中央银行的产权结构与组织形式、中央银行的独立性、中央银行的职能作用等问题,进行了长期不懈的理论探讨,提出了许多设想和建议,推动了中央银行制度在近代中国的建立与发展.     

中央银行制度与自由银行业制度的论争

本的目的在于从货币发行权的垄断、防范银行业的脆弱性和实施对存款人的保护三个角度对经济学界最新出现的有关赞成自由银行业制度和反对中央银行制度的代表性理论作一综述。许多赞成自由银行制度的新献研究的结构是：没有任何由将货币发行权置于政策的唯一控制之下;几个自由银行业的插曲（例如苏格兰和美国）表明,完全自由的银行业也是可想象的,因为银行业会自发地设法产生出一些类似的保护设施来防范银行恐慌的发生;银行业     

试析非正式制度变迁与经济行为之关系--以义利观在近代的发展变化为例

制度是人为设计,构造政治、经济和社会相互关系的一系列约束,它由非正式制度和正式制度共同构成。其中非正式制度及其变迁对经济行为的发生存在着重要的影响。文章就中国传统的义利观这种非正式制度在近代的发展变化为例,探求非正式制度、非正式制度变迁与经济行为之间的关系。     

试析非正式制度变迁与经济行为之关系--以义利观在近代的发展变化为例

制度是人为设计,构造政治、经济和社会相互关系的一系列约束,它由非正式制度和正式制度共同构成。其中非正式制度及其变迁对经济行为的发生存在着重要的影响。本文就中国传统的义利观这种非正式制度在近代的发展变化为例,探求非正式制度、非正式制度变迁与经济行为之间的关系。     

Financial Structure Changes and the Central Bank Policy

In a response to the financial collapse of 2007–2009, central banks overstepped their narrow role of lender of last resort (LLR) and acted as dealers or market-makers of last resort (MMLR). Such an evolution of the central bank policy stems from the endogenous process of growing securities markets, financial innovations, and market-based credit intermediation. This article examines how changes in the structure of the banking and financial system transforms the central bank policy in financial stability. It considers the separation or integration of the LLR and MMLR functions, revisits the debate opposing lend-to-market and lend-to-institution theses, and discusses the LLR standard rule and its transposition to the MMLR rule. Inasmuch as private securities markets and financial innovations determine the structure of the credit system, central banks endogenously adopt the integrated approach, so that the extensive LLR policy prevails.     

中部地区承接沿海产业转移中的制度距离与制度创新

东部沿海的传统产业在向中部地区加速迁移,但中部地区现存的制度因素制约了东中部产业转移的进程。中部地区在地方财政分权度、产权多元化、政府效率、科技创新制度等方面与东部沿海地区存在较大的制度距离。中部与东部的制度距离制约了东中部产业深度分工和要素优化配置,阻碍了东部沿海的传统产业向中部迁移。中部地区要发挥中部崛起的政策优势,提高政策的利用效率,推进产权制度改革,提高政府管理效率,增强对产业转移的科技支撑,促进技术自主创新和产业升级。     

The Performance of the European Central Bank

The European Monetary Union has been in operation since 1 January 1999. The paper offers an interim assessment of the operations of the European Central Bank (ECB) during this period. It describes how the ECB defined its monetary strategy and carried out its policy. The evaluation offered in the paper is largely positive, the principal objects of criticism being found to stem from the constitution which defines the position and principal objective of the ECB. This constitution embodies an extreme version of Central Bank independence and creates a 'democratic deficit' in consequence. Albeit the operating record is not without some blemishes, for example in regard to the ECB's communication policy. So far, the ECB has benefitted from a favourable macroeconomic conjuncture. This has changed and a more testing time may now be in store.     

我国中央银行独立性分析

文章从央银行独立性发展背景出发,论述了我国中央银行的相对独立性,并对我国加强中央银行的独立性提出建议。目前,我国正面临世界金融危机的巨大冲击,国内经济受到了严重的冲击。由于我国的中央银行的独立性相对较弱,因此对中央银行独立性的研究更加具有现实意义。     

The Grameen Bank as Progressive Institutional Adjustment

Over the past 25 years, a variety of Neoliberal reforms were introduced. Instead of growth, stability, and the narrowing of income gaps, however, we have seen stagnation, volatility, and increased inequality. The paper examines the theory that justified these policies, describes an alternative approach, and takes a brief look at a small group of Latin American countries in the aftermath of the Mexican Crisis. It is shown that not only does the alternative view raise serious doubts about the efficacy of Neoliberalism, but that those countries that refused to follow suit were better protected against contagion after the December Mistake.     

中国中央银行独立性研究

自改革开放以来,中国中央银行的独立性不断增强,尽管如此,中国中央银行的独立性仍不如人意。对此,本文提出提高中国中央银行独立性对策建议。     

The Monetary Policy of the European Central Bank

The first six years of ECB monetary policy are examined using a general framework that allows central bankers to weight differently positive and negative deviations of inflation, output and the interest rate from their reference values. The empirical analysis on synthetic euro‐area data suggests that the objective of price stability is symmetric, whereas the objectives of real activity and interest‐rate stabilizations are not. Output contractions imply larger policy responses than output expansions of the same size, while movements in the interest rate are larger when the level of the interest rate is relatively high. The hypothesis of M3 growth‐rate targeting is rejected.     

Central Bankers and Central Bank Independence

This paper uses results of a questionnaire survey to look at how central bankers inthe Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia view various criteria of centralbank independence and compares their responses with central bankers in industrialcountries. Central bankers from both groups agree very strongly on the importanceof two pillars of central bank independence: goal independence and freedom toimplement these goals, together with a system of how credit is granted by a centralbank to a government that gives the central bank powers to determine terms andlimits the extent of such credit. Based on the responses, the paper also identifiessome weaknesses of the most frequently used indices of central bank independenceand makes recommendations on how to improve them.     

Central Bank Behavior, the Institutional Framework, and Policy Regimes: Inflation Versus Noninflation Targeting Countries

This article estimates central bank reaction functions for 20 OECD countries. It bridges the gap between the Taylor reaction function literature and the political-economy literature. Central banks react to both inflation and the output gap. Moreover, inflation-targeting countries have been able to reduce nominal interest rate to a greater extent than have non-inflation-targeting countries. Countries with fixed exchange rates react more strongly to inflation but not at all to the output gap, unlike countries with floating rates. Political influences also seem relatively more important in fixed exchange rate countries. Central bank independence also helps reduce nominal interest rates. (JEL E58 , C31 , C32 , C53 )