共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Zusammenfassung Portfolio-Anpassung in einer offenen Volkswirtschaft. Ein Vergleich alternativer Spezifizierungen. — Dieser Aufsatz vergleicht
zwei Spezifikationen eines Modells einer kleinen offenen Volkswirtschaft: Erstens eine Bestandsgr?Βen-Version, in der die
Haushalte die gewünschten Verm?genswerte sofort nachfragen und zweitens eine Stromgr?Βen-Version, in der die Nachfrage eine
allm?hliche Anpassung an den langfristig gewünschten Bestand an Verm?genswerten bewirkt.
Die beiden Varianten werden bei festen und flexiblen Wechselkursen verglichen, beide jeweils unter der Annahme vollst?ndiger
oder fehlender Kapitalmobilit?t. Sie zeigen unterschiedliche Anpassungsverl?ufe bei festen Wechselkursen, wenn das heimische
Geldangebot endogen ist, und besonders, wenn es keine Kapitalmobilit?t gibt (wenn das heimische Angebot an Wertpapieren nicht
endogen ist).
Résumé L’ajustement de portefeuille dans des économies ouvertes: une comparaison de spécifications alternatives. — Cet article compare deux spécifications d’un modèle d’une petite économie ouverte: (1) une version de stock, dans laquelle les ménages entrent dans les marchés d’actif avec des demandes de stock immédiates d’actif et (2) une version de flux, dans laquelle ils entrent dans les marchés d’actif avec des demandes de flux reflétant un ajustement vers des demandes de stock à long terme d’actif. Les deux versions sont comparées sous des taux de change fixes et fléxibles chacune couplée avec une mobilité de capital parfaite ou pas une mobilité. Elles se conduisent d’une manière différente sous des taux de change fixes (si l’offre d’argent locale est endogène) et sont très per?antes s’il n’y a pas une mobilité de capital (si l’offre locale d’emprunts n’est pas endogène).
Resumen Ajustes de portafolio en economías abiertas. Una comparaci?n de especificaciones alternativas. — Este artículo compara dos especificaciones de un modelo de una economía abierta pequena: (1) una version de stock, en la cual los presupuestos familiares entran en el mercado de activos con una demanda inmediata por activos y (2) una version de flujo, en la cual ellos entran al mercado de activos con demandas de flujo que reflejan un ajuste gradual a las demandas de stock por activos de largo plazo. Las dos versiones se comparan bajo tasas de cambio fijas y flexibles, cada una con movilidad perfecta de capital o no. Ellas se comportan en forma diferente bajo tasas de cambio fijas (cuando la oferta de dinero local es endógena) y son muy penetrantes cuando no hay movilidad de capital (cuando la oferta local de bonos no es endógena).相似文献
2.
Peter J. Montiel 《Open Economies Review》1991,2(2):203-210
It is well known that in a small open economy where there is perfect substitutability between domestic and foreign assets and costless portfolio adjustment, the monetary authorities, pursuing an exchange-rate target, cannot control the money supply, but can influence the balance of payments through the use of domestic credit. It has been argued that domestic credit is therefore the relevant variable in output determination as well. This paper demonstrates, however, using a new classical structural model, that under the conditions that render the money supply uncontrollable, neither money nor domestic credit affects output. 相似文献
3.
4.
Bela Balassa 《World development》1982,10(1):23-38
This paper examines structural adjustment policies in developing countries, undertaken with the purpose of regaining the growth path following internal and external shocks. The proposed policy package further aims at improving overall economic policies. Its components include production incentives, incentives to save and to invest, the choice of public investments as well as sectoral, budgetary and monetary policies. The interdependence of the proposed policy measure is also indicated and comments are offered on the international policy environment in which they operate. 相似文献
5.
Abstract Staggered wage-setting and price-setting have frequently been used to construct business cycle models that can replicate long-lasting real effects of monetary shocks. We examine how the two seemingly equivalent sources of nominal rigidities compare in generating persistence in real output following monetary expansion. We show that staggered wage-setting is in general better able to generate persistence, because it can lower the procyclicality of marginal cost considerably more than staggered price-setting does. 相似文献
6.
Gross stocks of foreign assets have increased rapidly relative to national outputs since 1990, and the short-run capital gains
and losses on those assets can amount to significant fractions of GDP. These fluctuations in asset values render the national
income and product account measure of the current account balance increasingly inadequate as a summary of the change in a
country's net foreign assets. Nonetheless, unusually large current account imbalances, especially deficits, should remain
high on policymakers' list of concerns, even, for the richer and less credit-constrained countries. Extreme imbalances signal
the need for large and perhaps abrupt real exchange rate changes in the future, changes that might have undesired political
and financial consequences given the incompleteness of domestic and international asset markets. Furthermore, of the two sources
of the change in net foreign assets—the current account and the capital gain on the net foreign asset position—the former
is better understood and more amenable to policy influence. Systematic government attempts to manipulate international asset
values in order to change the net foreign asset position could have a destabilizing effect on market expectations. JEL no.
F21, F32, F36, F41 相似文献
7.
In an economy of overlapping generations, money, distinct from debt, provides liquidity and is dominated as a store of value. Nominal rates of interest that are low, but do not vanish, eliminate equilibrium allocations far from Pareto optimal allocations. 相似文献
8.
9.
Paul J. J. Welfens 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2008,5(3):237-253
The standard BRANSON model is modified in a way which allows one to focus on the short term dynamics of foreign bonds markets, the money market and the stock market—or alternatively the oil market. This allows us to explain the dynamics of the exchange rate and the oil price within a portfolio choice model; also we identify critical expectation dynamics in a more conventional pricing approach to the oil market—expectations determine whether or not the oil market equilibrium is compatible with a stationary price or with sustained oil price inflation. Moreover, a straightforward innovative way to combine a portfolio approach with a growth model is developed. New results are obtained—through multiplier analysis—about the long term effects of changes in the savings rate, the process innovation rate, the product innovation variable and the money supply on the exchange rate and the stock market price; this raises many empirical issues. Finally, the analysis presented sheds new light on the global asset price dynamics in the context of the banking crisis. To the memory of Edward Graham, Petersen Institute for International Economics, Washington D.C. 相似文献
10.
John Pippenger 《Open Economies Review》1991,2(2):183-201
The relationship between forward and future spot rates appears to be the same for Kuwait as for larger developed countries. Bid-ask spreads do not appear to affect the relationship. But cointegration, unit root and frequency domain tests suggest that there may be a stronger long-run than short-run relationship. 相似文献
11.
12.
Franz R. Hahn 《Review of World Economics》1994,130(3):624-629
13.
文章通过比较分析国内外地价占房价的比例发现,我国地价占房价的比重与土地资源相对富裕的欧美发达国家美国、瑞典比较接近,远低于土地资源相对稀缺的亚洲发达国家和地区。土地稀缺程度、经济发展水平、政府政策和城市规划是影响房价与地价关系的主要因素。 相似文献
14.
15.
股价和房价影响我国消费的比较分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章在持久收入假说(PIH)或生命周期理论(LCT)模型的框架下,运用Johansen协整检验、Granger因果检验和OLS回归方法对1997-2006年股价和房价影响我国消费的效应及其大小进行了实证研究和比较分析,结果发现资产的财富效应较弱且房价对消费的效应大于股价的效应,最后提出了相应的启示。 相似文献
16.
17.
Zusammenfassung Inflation und Produktion bei rationalen Erwartungen in offenen Volkswirtschaften. - Der Aufsatz entwickelt ein Modell für
den Gütersektor einer kleinen offenen Volkswirtschaft, die Fertigwaren exportiert und sowohl Fertigwaren als auch Rohstoffe,
die im ProduktionsprozeΒ verwendet werden, importiert. Die L?hne sind in unterschiedlichem MaΒe indexiert, und die Wirtschaftssubjekte
verhalten sich rational im Sinne von Muth. Das Modell wird getestet mit Hilfe von Jahresdaten aus fünf EG-L?ndern für den
Zeitraum von 1957 bis 1980. Die Hauptergebnisse zeigen, daΒ ein relativ groΒer Teil der Inflationsrate nicht antizipiert wird
und daΒ die Lucas’sche Fehlwahrnehmung des Preisniveaus für das Produktionsverhalten eine geringere Rolle spielt als die relativen
Preis?nderungen.
Résumé Inflation et production aux expectatives rationnelles en économies ouvertes. — Dans cet article les auteurs développent un modéle du secteur réel d’une petite économie ouverte qui exporte des biens manufacturiers et importe des biens manufacturiers ainsi que des matiéres premiéres utilisées dans la production. Les salariés au marché du travail jouissent des plusieurs degrés de l’indexation au niveau de prix et les agents économiques se comportent rationnellement au sens de Muth. Le modéle est testé avec des données annuelles de cinq pays membres de la CEE pour la période 1957–1980. Les résultats principaux démontrent qu’une relativement grande part du taux d’inflation n’était pas anticipée et que la mésperception du niveau de prix á la Lucas jouait un róle peu important pour la production en relation aux changements de prix relatif.
Resumen Inflación y producci?n con expectativas racionales en economias abiertas. — En este trabajo se construye un modelo del sector real de una pequena economfa abierta que exporta bienes manufacturados e importa manufacturas y materias primas, estas ultimas siendo insumos para la producci?n. En el mercado laboral los trabajadores gozan de un sistema diferenciado de indexation y los agentes económicos se comportan racionalmente en el sentido de Muth. El modelo es utilizado en un test empirico con datos de cinco pafses miembros de la CEE para el periodo 1957–1980. Los resultados demuestran que una parte relativamente importante de la tasa de inflación no fué anticipada y que la perception sesgada del nivel de precios en el sentido de Lucas jugé un papel menor en el comportamiento de la producci?n que el que jugaron las variaciones de los precios relativos.相似文献
18.
Ashima Goyal 《Global Economic Review》2013,42(2):153-175
Abstract The appropriate exchange rate regime, in the context of integration of currency markets with financial markets and of large international capital flows, continues to be a policy dilemma. It is found that the majority of countries are moving towards somewhat higher exchange and lower interest rate volatility. Features of foreign exchange (forex) markets could be partly motivating these choices. A model with noise trading, non-traded goods and price rigidities shows that bounds on the volatility of the exchange rate can lower noise trading in forex markets; decrease fundamental variance and improve real fundamentals in an emerging market economy (EME); and give more monetary policy autonomy. Central banks prefer secret interventions where they have an information advantage or fear destabilizing speculation. But in the model discussed in this article, short-term pre-announced interventions can control exchange rate volatility, pre-empt deviations in prices and real exchange rates, and allow markets to help central banks achieve their targets. The long-term crawl need not be announced. In conclusion, the regime's applicability to an EME is explored. 相似文献
19.
20.
反垄断视角下中间品市场价格歧视研究——基于下游垄断竞争市场结构和非线性定价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在反垄断视角下研究中间品市场价格歧视行为是对价格歧视理论的进一步拓展。文章从经济学的角度出发,基于下游垄断竞争市场和非线性定价方式对纵向产业链中中间品不同定价方式的均衡进行了分析,目的是为规制机构合理规制相关产业提供理论依据,同时对《反垄断法》中相应的法律条款加以补充和细化。 相似文献