国际碳交易的经济学理论分析

二氧化碳等温室气体的过度排放造成的全球气温上升已经威胁到人类的生存和发展。对国际碳交易的内涵及经济学理论进行了分析,对深入理解、研究国际碳交易理论基础和实践经验具有非常现实的作用和意义。     

中国碳排放试点市场碳交易价格分析及预测

对试点市场碳价格分析结果表明:①试点市场碳价格平均水平相差较大,各市场数据均出现尖峰厚尾、波动率集聚、多重分形特征;②试点市场月均价分析过程中,发现新的碳排放市场的建立会对各个碳市场交易价格有提升作用,免费碳排放配额比例的适当调整有利于碳排放配额交易价格下降,碳排放市场核算与核查体系的逐步完善会使碳排放配额交易价格趋于平稳。本文采用马尔科夫转换多重分形模型对碳价格进行预测,得出了准确度较高的结果。     

A study of legal attributes of carbon emission rights in carbon trading

Clean Development Mechanism （CDM） has given birth to an international carbon trading market prosperity, which provides developing countries with valuable opportunity to address climate change issues right along with economic development and environmental improvement to achieve sustainable development. However, most studies of CDM focus on economics, and few on its legal problems. CDM involves too many aspects. And the clear legal attribute of trading object is the basis of progress of the transaction and also the start point of legal protection. Therefore, this paper in accordance with the inherent principle of property rights economics, and environmental economics in CDM, only discusses CDM carbon emission right legal interpretation and its attribution. The paper recommends that in order to ensure and promote the carbon emission right trading, carbon emission right should be attributed into the system of real rights to be regulated by Real Right Law. In this way, carbon emission right can gain exclusive power of possession and use, which can achieve a clear right definition of environmental goods in line with Coase＇s theory to protect Chinese profit in carbon trading market and promote the development of the carbon trading market further.     

The financial consequences of abolishing a carbon trading system

We investigate the impact of 61 announcements of environmental regulations on the equities listed on the Australian Stock Exchange over the period 2009–2015. In particular, our study focuses on how the stock market reacts to announcements of the abolishment of carbon trading/pricing system. Using event study methodology, we assess whether these announcements create or destroy wealth of equity investors. Furthermore, we estimate changes in systematic risk following the announcements. In general, we find that the abolishment of the carbon pricing system has a positive effect on 18 sectors and the process of removing the carbon pricing system appears to affect the systematic risk of businesses leading to diamond risk structures. We also document negative reactions of polluting sectors to the announcements of green policies.     

Construction of legal system of carbon emissions trading in China

Countries in the world have taken a variety of means to control carbon emissions based on the serious situation of global warming,the concept of low-carbon economy and the provisions about emissions in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change（UNFCCC） and the Kyoto Protocol.With the measures of emissions reductions,the system of carbon emissions trading is taking shape.It is necessary for China as the big natural resources consumption country to establish its own carbon emissions trading system.By introducing the carbon emissions trading system of the European Union,America and Japan,and analyzing the market and policies been formed,the carbon emissions trading system in China can be established from the initial configuration of the emissions rights,the subject and object of carbon emissions trading,establishing the carbon emissions trading exchange and supervising and regulating the carbon emissions trading.     

Carbon emission reduction effect and mechanism test of carbon emission trading pilot

Carbon emission trading pilot policies were launched in seven provinces and cities,including Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin and Chongqing in 2013.Carbon emission trading is of great significance to the development of green economy.Taking China’s carbon emission trading pilot as a natural experiment,the dual difference method was used to explore the carbon emission reduction effect of the pilot carbon emission trading policy on the pilot areas in China based on the panel data of 30 provinces,autonomous...     

Evaluating the effectiveness of in-work tax credits

One of the principle aims of the Working Families’ Tax Credit in the UK was to increase the participation of single mothers in work. The difference-in-differences methodology that is typically used to evaluate tax credit policies compares single mothers with single women without children. However, the characteristics of these groups are very different, and changes over time in relative covariates are likely to violate key identifying assumptions. We find that when we control for differential trends between women with and without children, the employment effect of the policy falls significantly. Moreover, closer inspection shows that while there was an effect on increasing the likelihood to work full-time (30 h or more), there was no effect on reducing the likelihood to be inactive. Looking closely at important covariates before and after the policy introduction, we can see sizeable changes in the relative returns to employment between the treatment and control groups, making it difficult to assess the policy effectiveness.     

柬埔寨电信市场现状及合作前景

近十年来,依靠外援和外资,柬埔寨电信业正逐步恢复和发展,但柬埔寨的电话普及率仍然很低,互联网服务还很落后。柬埔寨如能保持政局稳定,经济持续发展,其电信市场仍有较大的发展空间,我国可选择合适的领域与柬埔寨合作。柬埔寨电信市场现状柬埔寨目前有3种通信方式,固定电话、移动电话和互联网,其中移动电话为主要通信方式。柬埔寨固定电话的发展始终落后于移动电话。多年的战乱摧毁了原有的固定网络,国家建设资金的严重匮乏又阻碍了新的固定网络的发展。近年来,国际社会的援助使柬埔寨固定电话得到较快的发展,但与移动电话相比,差距仍然很大…     

Noise trading, transaction costs, and the relationship of stock returns and trading volume

This article constructs an economic model of a rational trader who operates in a market with transaction costs and noise trading. The level of trading affects the rational trader's marginal cost of transacting; as a result, trading volume (through its effect on marginal cost) is a source of risk. This engenders an equilibrium relationship between returns and volume. The model also provides a simple way to scrutinize this relationship empirically. Empirical evidence supports the implications of the model.     

On the irrelevance of insider trading for managerial compensation

We examine changes in the compensation of CEOs of German firms after the prohibition of insider trading (IT) in 1994 to test whether IT is a relevant compensation device. While we find that the performance elasticity of explicit CEO pay slightly increases subsequent to the IT law adoption for non-financial firms indicating an incentive-substitution effect, the overall change in levels seems modest. We explore the hypothesis that compensation for forgone IT profits in general is small because typically, firms lack at least one of the two necessary conditions for profitable IT: the existence of a liquid stock market imposing low costs of transactions and the presence of a small number of co-insiders, preventing the information rent to be competed away. Based on a difference-in-difference estimation, we indeed find that explicit pay increases more strongly for intensely traded firms and decreases for non-financial firms and insurance companies with a higher number of co-insiders. The combined effect is relatively small except for firms with the most liquid shares.     

Tax credits,labour participation and home production in the Netherlands

We set up a dynamic reduced form model of labour market participation for women who balance career and motherhood. The model accounts for the occurrence of future child birth and early retirement, and includes home production; however, it does not require the estimation of a structural model. Careful implementation of pension institutions can return optimal life patterns of participation without the need of a structural approach. The weaker theoretical framework is compensated by the rich spectrum of possible policy simulations. As illustration, we simulate the effect of two tax credits policy options on the hazard rate out of work.     

Information asymmetry,cluster trading,and market efficiency: Evidence from the Chinese stock market

This study investigates the effect of asymmetry information and illiquidity related to cluster trading on information integration efficiency in the Chinese stock market. The results show that information asymmetry and illiquidity related to cluster trading both negatively affect market efficiency in the Chinese stock market. While the effect of information asymmetry on market efficiency dominates in the informational period, the effect of illiquidity related to cluster trading dominates in other periods, when trading is less concentrated. Noise trading has a positive effect on market efficiency by greatly reducing the illiquidity related to cluster trading; however, its effect on information asymmetry is not significant. Our results provide insight into investors’ trading strategies.     

入世一年:中国经济发展的回顾与展望

2002年是中国入世后的第一年,各方面都很关心中国经济的表现。事实表明,过去的一年,在世界经济不很景气的大环境下,中国经济依然增长强劲,国民经济整体表现良好,多数经济指标明显好于预期,全年经济增长率达到8%,国内生产总值突破10万亿元,人均接近1000美元,中国经济发展进入一个新阶段。展望新的一年,中国经济将继续保持良好发展势头,全面建设小康社会已经展现出美好的前景。     

中国艺术品贸易发展现状及对策研究

改革开放以来,中国艺术品市场作为一个较大的文化艺术和经济体系愈渐壮大,已经占据全球艺术品三大市场之一的地位.同为全球艺术品三大市场成员的美国与英国的艺术品的市场体系已相当成熟,然而中国的艺术品市场体系并不完善,贸易市场仍存在一些不合理的现象.中国艺术品贸易规模存在下降趋势,国际贸易份额较低,虽然艺术金融及其产业规模在不断上升,但是与英美相比,金融化程度较低,且在国际艺术品市场中的贸易竞争力不足.此外,中国艺术品市场存在诚信不足、评估鉴定体系不合理、专业人才缺失且进口关税较高等问题.中国艺术品要想继续发展强大,需从艺术品市场观念、艺术品市场环境以及中国化市场道路等方面做出改变及提升.     

中国市场经济地位问题研究——基于应对美国反倾销调查视角的分析

经过30年锐意改革,我国成功实现了从高度集中的计划经济体制到充满活力的社会主义市场经济体制的伟大历史转折。但由于政治经济等方面原因,在反倾销调查中美国仍将我国视为"非市场经济"国家,适用替代国制度,给应对反倾销及我国经济贸易发展带来极大不利影响。文章试图从法律、经济和政治等多个视角透视这一问题,以揭示其实质,阐明其影响,并提出对策建议。     

中国财务管理教育改革发展30年回顾与展望

在改革开放30周年之际,本文通过梳理我国高等院校财务管理教育三十年来改革发展的基本历程和脉络,剖析了各个发展阶段财务管理环境变化与财务管理教育的基本特点,在此基础上,总结了改革发展中的经验与启示,指出了目前我国财务管理教育中存在的主要问题,并对未来我国财务管理教育的发展趋势进行了简要分析.