美国财险公司衍生工具应用的价值和业绩效应

衍生金融工具价格并非标的金融资产价格的一元线性函数,因而使用衍生工具最终是否能够起到风险管理之目的虽倾向于正面但尚存争论。本文以美国财险上市公司为研究对象,研究衍生品使用对财险公司价值和业绩的直接效应。运用Panel data模型实证检验的结果表明,衍生工具运用之于财险公司价值及业绩影响性质不同。本文提出了中国衍生产品市场推出之后放开财脸企业的投资准入的建议。     

公司治理、管理者动机与衍生金融工具使用

基于中国上市公司2007~2013年财务数据,研究公司治理对管理者使用衍生金融工具的影响,并结合中国制度背景,深入分析和检验企业产权、政策监管对公司治理效应的影响。实证结果表明,公司治理对管理者使用衍生金融工具的动机存在重要影响,公司治理水平越高,管理者越倾向于利用衍生金融工具避免财务困境风险;相反,管理者越倾向于利用衍生金融工具规避薪酬风险。研究还发现,公司治理的作用机制会受到所有权性质的影响,国有控制属性会弱化公司治理效应,对衍生金融工具交易的政策监管差异是重要原因。     

金融衍生产品风险防范与公司治理

我国金融衍生产品发展比较缓慢，这与我们对金融衍生产品风险的认识有着很大关系。习惯上大家认为，金融衍生产品蕴含着大量风险．因此对开展金融衍生产品交易慎之又慎。其实，金融衍生产品交易产生的风险通常不是由产品本身所具有的风险导致的．而是由参加交易的机构错误的市场交易行为造成的，其深层的原因是这些机构往往具有不合理的公司治理机制。     

公司价值最大化还是经理层自利?——我国企业使用衍生金融工具的动机

本文选择2010年沪深300指数2009年和2010年度报告为依据,首先采用logistic单因素和多因素回归的方法,检验与衍生金融工具使用相关的因素,进而采用线性回归方法,检验公司价值与衍生金融工具的使用是否相关.结果发现:公司规模与衍生金融工具的使用显著正相关,但是衍生金融工具的使用与Tobm' s Q的相关性并不显著.因此,我国企业使用衍生工具的动机,既不支持公司价值最大化理论也不支持经理层自利理论.     

信用衍生产品与现代商业银行信用风险管理

信用衍生产品作为金融市场分散和转移信贷风险的创新工具,近年来在国际金融市场获得了快速发展和成功实践,但信用衍生产品在大大提升银行风险管理水平的同时也带来了新的风险.因此,本文分析比较了现代商业银行风险管理方法,在论述信用衍生产品发展与信用风险管理互动效应的基础上,探讨了我国商业银行风险管理存在的问题与原因,并提出了相应的政策建议.     

结构性衍生产品的定价和风险管理技术

准确可靠的定价能力不仅是银行增加资金业务收益、提高风险管理水平的重要前提,而且也是增强银行核心竞争力的技术保障。结构性衍生产品的定价过程通常由三部分构成:一是准确理解和描述产品的结构,二是选择适当的定价模型、市场数据和校准方法,三是选择最优的数值算法,定价过程最终都借助计算机程序来实现。定价的本质就是准确度量风险的价值,实现风险的对冲。最好的风险管理技术应该采用动态 Delta、Vega、Gamma 对冲。中国银行业在结构性衍生产品交易领域起步较晚,先引进外部定价软件,在此基础上逐步自主开发是实现定价能力和风险管理的现实选择。     

金融衍生产品对上市公司风险管理影响实证研究

论文选取有色金属矿产行业以及能源交通运输行业229家上市公司作为样本,以上市公司是否使用衍生产品为解释变量,同时引用一系列控制变量,通过实证分析上市公司使用衍生产品是否会有效降低公司风险。实证过程涉及参数检验、非参数检验、相关性分析和回归分析,实证结果显示我国上市公司使用衍生产品会降低公司风险,这与西方主流的财务管理理论相一致而与我国学者以前的研究相反,由此推测我国上市公司运用衍生产品的能力逐渐娴熟。     

上市公司债务融资与公司价值的实证研究

本文利用中国所有A股上市公司1998～2005年的数据，改进了汪辉（2003）实证模型，来检验上市公司债务融资与公司价值的关系，发现上市公司债务融资净额占总资产的2．27％；资产负债率在30～60％之间的上市公司的负债融资，有利于增加公司的市场价值，资产负债率小或者大的公司这种效应不显著；同时债务融资对传递公司的业绩具有很强的信号作用，公司价值越高的公司，未来进行债务融资的可能性越大。     

Derivatives Usage and Financial Risk Management in Large and Small Economies: A Comparative Analysis

The objective of this paper is to expand and update previous New Zealand — based surveys in order to compare and contrast risk management practices of firms in the small, foreign trade-dependent economy of New Zealand to those of firms in the considerably larger, more developed US, UK, and German markets. This survey examines patterns of usage, reasons and objectives for derivatives use, and reporting and control procedures and finds that the practice of hedging with derivative instruments among New Zealand firms appears to be evolving as global markets become more integrated. We find that the percentage of firms involved in hedging, both large and small, has grown since the last New Zealand surveys, and that New Zealand firms have many of the same reasons and objectives for using derivatives as firms in the much larger American and European economies. We also find that the focus on control and reporting derivatives transactions in New Zealand is similar to that of firms in the other countries and appears to have strengthened since previous surveys.     

Derivatives Use, Corporate Governance, and Legislative Change: An Empirical Analysis of New Zealand Listed Companies

Abstract:   This paper examines if board composition has any systematic bearing on derivatives usage by New Zealand listed companies. We also test if derivative usage changed following the introduction of the new 1993 Companies Act. The Act raised expectations of directors' fiduciary responsibilities and the perceived risk of liability on outside directors for poor investment decisions. Using a dataset of listed New Zealand companies in 1994 and 1997, we find companies with higher growth opportunities and a greater proportion of outside directors were less likely to use financial derivatives following the introduction of the new Act. Our results supplement the US‐based literature on derivatives usage by illustrating that internal governance mechanisms can play a role in corporate derivatives policy, and that the legislative and regulatory environment may affect this role.     

大股东控制、财务杠杆与公司价值——国有及民营上市公司治理的比较研究

本文以2002～2004年的上市公司为样本,研究了第一大股东持股比例、财务杠杆与公司价值之间的关系.研究发现,国有控制上市公司与民营控制上市公司公司价值并无显著差异;国有控制上市公司第一大股东持股比例与公司价值呈U形关系,民营控制上市公司第一大股东持股比例与公司价值则呈倒U形关系;国有控制上市公司财务杠杆比率与公司价值负相关,民营控制上市公司财务杠杆比率与公司价值则正相关.其政策含义是,政府应该继续贯彻"抓大放小"的战略方针;监管部门应该关注持股比例较高的民营上市公司第一大股东的资金来源及其行为特征,防止其对公司其他利益相关者的侵害行为;银行贷款应对国有及民营企业一视同仁,银行需要加强对国有控制上市公司贷款的监督.     

Corporate reputation and hedging activities

This study examines whether corporate reputation affects derivative hedging. We posit that high-reputation firms are more likely to engage in hedging due to greater reputation costs and/or their commitment to lower financial risks. We find that high-reputation firms are more likely to engage in hedging, especially when their hedging efforts or effects are more observable to stakeholders. We also find that high-reputation firms are less likely to disclose the notional values of hedging positions and that interest rate hedging by high-reputation firms is detrimental to firm value. Our results shed light on the impact of reputational concerns on corporate risk management and disclosure policies.     

美国寿险上市公司衍生金融工具应用效应的实证研究

衍生金融产品价格并非标的金融资产价格的一元线性函数,因而使用衍生产品最终是否能够起到风险管理之目的虽倾向于正面但尚存争论.国际上现有研究基本都从讨论企业使用衍生品的动机和影响因素出发,间接推测衍生品使用对企业的影响.本文以美国寿险上市公司为研究对象,研究衍生品使用对寿险公司业绩的直接效应,运用Panel data模型实证检验的结果表明衍生品运用之于寿险公司业绩存在明显正面效应,从而为中国衍生产品市场推出之后放开对寿险企业的投资准入提供了正面的实证依据.     

Financial Systems, Corporate Finance and Corporate Governance

Financial systems of industrialised countries are usually classified as being either capital market- or bank-dominated. This paper tries to shed some light on the validity of this distinction. In order to do this, it analyses two specific roles of the financial sector vis-à-vis the enterprise sector: the role of financing or funding business and the role of capital markets and banks, respectively, in the context of corporate governance. Our analysis of the relevant findings in the literature shows that financing patterns are quite similar between countries, while corporate governance systems are quite dissimilar. The paper discusses how these divergent findings could be made compatible with existing theories and what implications they may have for the question of whether there is a tendency for corporate governance systems in different countries to become as similar as corporate financing patterns seem to be.     

金融企业社会责任与财务绩效关系的实证研究

从企业社会责任的概念出发,根据利益相关者的理论框架,提出以股东、员工、消费者、政府为利益相关者的金融企业社会责任指标体系,运用极值标准化处理原始数据和层次分析法设置权重.并通过对我国上市的14家银行2003～2007年的面板数据进行相关分析和回归分析,验证了金融企业社会责任与财务绩效之间的关系,结果基本上证实了金融企业履行社会责任可以提高财务绩效等理论假设.     

Financial derivatives and bank risk: evidence from eighteen developed markets

We examine the relationship between equity risk and the use of financial derivatives with a sample of 555 banks from eighteen developed markets from 2006 to 2015. Our main findings suggest that banks’ use of financial derivatives increased their risk. This increase in risk can be driven by banks’ use of derivatives for speculative purposes, by suboptimal hedging to obtain hedge accounting status, or from accounting mismatches that generate volatility in earnings. We also show that this relationship is nonlinear. Too-Big-To-Fail banks and those that employ a traditional retail banking business model are subject to lower idiosyncratic risk. We address endogeneity concerns using instrumental variables capturing the use of derivatives with portfolio ranking. Overall, our study contributes to understanding the impact of derivatives use on bank risk and the risk consequences of a bank’s business model choice.