Organizational values and procedures as antecedents for goal interdependence and collaborative effectiveness

Organizational values of people and respect and interdependent structures of team procedures and task interdependence may help departments believe their goals are cooperative and thereby coordinate effectively. CEOs in China completed measures of their organization’s values and interdependent structures and their Vice-Presidents completed measures of the department’s goal interdependence (cooperative, competitive, and independent) and collaborative effectiveness. Structural equation analysis suggested that values and interdependent structures promote cooperative, but not competitive or independent, goals that in turn results in collaborative effectiveness. These results, coupled with previous research, were interpreted as suggesting that people and respect values, team procedures, task interdependence, and cooperative goals are complementary foundations for synergy in China and perhaps other countries as well.

Policies and practices for aquaculture food safety in China

There are growing concerns over the safety of aquaculture food products from China, which supplies 70% of the world’s farmed fish food. We present a comprehensive literature review, supplemented with qualitative data obtained from interviews with experts in the field, to examine the policies and practices designed to ensure the safety of food produced by the Chinese aquaculture industry. The food safety system has many parts that are administered by different governmental organizations with poor coordination among them. The system apparently operates as two entities: one for products destined for the export market and based largely on the requirements of importing countries, and the other with lower standards and levels of enforcement for domestic market products. The top-down approach focuses more on the end product rather than the production practices. There are several indications that regulations pertaining to antibiotic use are not being followed. Recent events have brought the issue of overall food safety to the attention of the Chinese public and the Government is acting positively towards addressing deficiencies of the system. Chief among these is the Food Safety Law which comes into effect in June, 2009. But the central government must work in concert with provincial and local authorities to improve the infrastructure for inspecting and tracking food from farms to the end consumers to ensure a greater degree of safety of aquatic food for the Chinese population.     

影响安全教育的心理因素及对策

煤矿属于采掘业．生产环境特殊．脏累险威胁着职工的生命安全。所以．对职工的安全教育显得尤其重要?虽然多年来．国家不断完善安全教育法规．企业不断完善安全教育制度．并同经济手段相结合。但是，所有这些取得的安全教育效果并不明显。笔者根据多年的实践经验．总结出影响安全教育的心理因素及对策。     

Business and government interdependence in China: Cooperative goals to develop industries and the marketplace

Although government withdrawal from business has traditionally been considered a key reform in developing a market economy, the Chinese government remains active. This study uses the social psychological theory of cooperation and competition to analyze the interdependence between government and business. Structural equation results of interviews of specific incidents collected from 105 government officials and business people in Shanghai, China, support the model that cooperative, but not competitive or independent, goals induce open-minded discussions that in turn strengthen their relationships, accomplish tasks, foster confidence they will work productively in the future, and develop their industry and the marketplace.

我国农村饮水安全技术标准发展动态及需求分析

概述我国农村饮水工作的发展历程及主要成就;介绍我国农村饮水领域标准的发展情况,列出在此期间颁布实施的技术标准,分析这些技术标准对农村饮水工作发展发挥的重要作用。探讨现行标准中存在的一些问题,并针对这些问题,提出今后我国农村饮水安全领域,需要研制的关键技术及与之配套的技术标准。     

The relationships among leadership,goal orientation,and service quality in high-contact service industries: An empirical study

High-contact service industries are characterized by close interaction between service employees and customers, and diverse customer needs. Such characteristics pose a great challenge to the delivery of services of superior quality. In this research we conceptually explore and empirically examine several attitudinal and motivational factors of customer-contact employees, and the management style of managers as antecedents to service quality in high-contact service sectors. Based on dyadic data collected from 230 service firms in Hong Kong, we examine the relationships among transformational leadership, transactional leadership, affective organizational commitment, learning goal orientation, performance goal orientation, and service quality. We find that learning goal orientation is more effective than performance goal orientation in fostering service quality in the high-contact service context. We also observe that transformational leadership tends to be more effective than transactional leadership in influencing employee attitude in high-contact service firms. This research pioneers theory-driven examination of service quality in high-contact service firms using data collected from service employees and shop managers for hypothesis testing.     

A novel differential evolution algorithm for joint replenishment problem under interdependence and its application

In this paper, we propose a new differential evolution (DE) algorithm for joint replenishment of inventory using both direct grouping and indirect grouping which allows for the interdependence of minor ordering costs. Since solutions to the joint replenishment problem (JRP) can be represented by integer decision variables, this makes the JRP a good candidate for the DE algorithm. The results of testing randomly generated problems in contrastive numerical examples and two extended experiments show that the DE algorithm provides close to optimal results for some problems than the evolutionary algorithm (EA), which has been proved to be an efficient algorithm. Moreover, the DE algorithm is faster than the EA for most problems. We also conducted a case study and application results suggest that the proposed model is successful in decreasing total costs of maintenance materials inventories significantly in two power companies.     

Power and interdependence in buyer supplier relationships: A purchasing portfolio approach

Power and interdependence are generally considered to be important concepts for understanding buyer-supplier relationships. Yet, empirical research on power and interdependence in buyer-supplier relationships is still limited. Power and interdependence issues also play an important role in Kraljic's portfolio approach, which is increasingly used by purchasing practitioners for managing different supplier relations and developing appropriate purchasing strategies. In this paper, the concepts of power and interdependence have been quantified for each quadrant of the Kraljic portfolio matrix, using data from a comprehensive survey among Dutch purchasing professionals. Several hypotheses have been tested and the findings largely confirm the theoretical expectations. The observed supplier dominance in the strategic quadrant of the Kraljic matrix is a notable finding, which indicates that even satisfactory partnerships are dominated by the supplier. Therefore, the presumed power symmetry of buyer-supplier relationships in the strategic quadrant seems no longer valid.     

大禹水利科技奖信息系统的设计与实现

笔者参与研究开发了《大禹奖网络申报评审系统》合同项目。该项目的实施对推动大禹水利科技奖（以下简称大禹奖）申报评审工作现代化的进程有重要意义。文中阐述了系统的工作环境,网络申报评审管理工作程序,系统的处理流程,系统结构及系统的主要特点和实施步骤。     

Shared knowledge and product design glitches in integrated product development

Product development processes based on the joint collaboration of the cross-functional team, suppliers, and customers can minimize project glitches. Glitches in the product development project can cause project cost over-runs and delay a project past when first mover advantages are possible. While previous theoretical work has suggested a negative relationship between shared knowledge and product development glitches, empirical studies have not identified how different types of shared knowledge are associated with each other and the design glitches. This study proposes a model of the relationship between specific types of shared knowledge and design glitches in integrated product development (IPD) projects. We test our model using a sample of 191 projects from the automotive industry in the United States. The major findings were that: (1) shared knowledge of the development process can be built by improving a team's shared knowledge of customers, suppliers, and internal capabilities, (2) shared knowledge of the development process for a project reduces product design glitches, and (3) reduced product design glitches improve product development time, cost, and customer satisfaction.     

Interactions between marketing and R&D departments in implementing different business strategies

This paper examines how interactions between marketing and research and development personnel vary across business units pursuing different strategies. Based on the Miles and Snow typology of strategy, several propositions concerning the extent of interdepartmental conflict, the structures used to manage and resolve such conflicts, and the perceived effectiveness of the interaction between marketing and R&D are developed. These propositions are empirically tested in a study of marketing personnel from three divisions of a large Fortune 500 company. The results of this preliminary test indicate that conflict between the two departments is greatest under a prospector business unit strategy. The degree of formalization and the use of different forms of conflict resolution mechanisms only partially conformed to the predictions of Miles and Snow, but were strongly linked to respondents' assessment of the effectiveness of relations between the two functional areas.     

Contingency Organizations and Shared Values: Multiple Logics in Managing Diversification

Two logics of managing diversification have been suggested in the strategic management literature. The first is a very economic and structural approach that emphasizes the contingency fit between strategy and structural arrangements to maximize organizational effectiveness, while the second is a cultural approach that focuses on the use of strong shared values to minimize opportunistic behaviors of members. This paper empirically examines and compares the efficacy of two approaches to managing diversification, by using Taiwanese business groups as the sample. It is found that both approaches can lead to satisfied economic performance and they are supplementary. Diversified firms employing simultaneously two management logics will outperform firms with only one logic.     

Countercyclical safety nets for the poor and vulnerable

Relatively little is known about how government safety net programs insure against low consumption and stabilize asset bases, compared to what is known about their role in transferring income. The insurance function requires a flexible budget that can be scaled up rapidly to meet unanticipated circumstances. Safety nets serving an insurance function also differ from other transfer programs in their targeting; they need to determine transitory need rather than more chronic correlates of poverty. Moreover, insurance safety nets need a more flexible implementation strategy than do more permanent programs. This paper reviews these issues from the perspective of low income countries.     

安全生产培训工作中的问题及对策

本文对安全生产培训工作中存在的针对性不强、思想认识不够、重理论轻实践及组织不合理等问题进行了剖析,并对存在的问题提出相应的对策措施,指导培训工作能够良性发展并达到明显的培训效果。     

Chinese consumer demand for food safety attributes in milk products

Little is known about emerging demands for food safety among consumers in developing countries. This study presents results of an investigation of consumer awareness, willingness to pay, and price premiums for milk products manufactured using Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) management, a quality management system used to reduce food safety risks. Chinese food processors initially sought HACCP certification to access export markets, but now HACCP is rapidly being adopted for domestic products and HACCP logos have begun to appear on labels in China. A survey of Beijing consumers found that less than one in five respondents was aware of HACCP, and most who had heard of HACCP had learned about it within the previous year. After receiving information on HACCP nearly all respondents were willing to pay a modest price premium for HACCP-certified products. Products with HACCP labels in Beijing supermarkets sold at a price premium of about 5% over products without such labels, holding other product attributes constant. The results indicate that demand for food safety is emerging as an attribute demanded by Chinese consumers.     

Opportunities and challenges for academic returnees in China

A growing number of Western-educated management PhD graduates are starting their academic career in Chinese business schools. While opportunities are abundant for these returnees, they also face the choice between developing internationally transferable assets and building locally embedded competences. Some possible solutions are discussed, at both personal and institutional levels.

柏克德（Bechtel）——安全管理与知识管理造就全美行业翘楚

介绍了全球著名的美国第一大建筑承包商——柏克德（Bechtel）公司的总体情况,分析了该公司的国际和国内市场的经营业绩、业务范围、主营业务。重点从安全管理、知识管理两大核心竞争力剖析了柏克德公司实现可持续发展的源动力。通过比较研究,总结了柏克德公司对我国建筑企业的借鉴意义,并为我国建筑企业学习柏克德公司的先进经验提出了具体举措。     

煤炭企业创建安全文化的思考

创建煤炭企业安全文化,应注意强化组织领导,建立长效运行机制;深入宣传,强化理念;严格执行规章制度及用浓厚的安全文化熏陶人、教育人、感染人和带动人。