综合收益会计浅论

综合收益(Comprehensive Income,亦称全面收益)并不是一个新概念.早在1980年,美国财务会计准则委员会(FASB)就将其定义为除业主交易之外的一切权益(净资产)变动.但这一概念的实际运用还是出现在近年改进业绩报告的研究中.综合收益会计理论是传统收益会计理论的改造和发展.那么,传统收益会计理论有什么缺陷、现行会计实务与传统会计收益有哪些背离、综合收益理论有何基本内容、其实施的理论前提是什么?本文试图简要介绍回答这些问题.     

Value Relevance of Comprehensive Income

In this paper, we investigate the value relevance of comprehensive income and its components for a sample of 92 New Zealand companies over the period 2003–2010. We find a stronger association of aggregate comprehensive income with stock price and market returns relative to net income. The change in the asset revaluation reserve and the change in fair value of available‐for‐sale securities drive this association. However, foreign currency translation and cash flow hedges are also associated with prices and returns.     

综合收益相关理论问题研究

资产负债观下总括收益概念要求综合收益全部信息均作为收益项目在收益报表中列示。只有综合收益才能全面反映企业业绩因素引起的经济资源、经济资源要求权及其变动的信息,才能满足报表使用者评价企业未来现金净流量产生能力的业绩信息需求。与净利润相比,综合收益及其构成包含更多反映企业价值创造的信息,大大提高了收益信息透明度,更具决策有用性,但在分析时应赋予其各构成项目以不同的权重。国际及各国相关准则只规范综合收益的列报而未规范其确认与计量,在我国明确规定在利润表中完整列报综合收益的准则背景下,会计界应打破没有一个财务指标是以综合收益为基础的局面,将综合收益信息纳入企业财务分析指标体系。     

领悟自信--访台资"华硕电脑"中国事业群总经理徐世明先生

走进徐先生的房间后,我们发现徐先生是一个高大魁梧的北方男子,和我们想象中的台湾男子大不相同.经我们询问,徐先生爽快地回答:"我是山东泰安人".他那不时响起的爽朗笑声,使我们感到亲切,好像他就是北方城市中某一个与我们年龄相仿、经历相同的年轻人,一下子我们感到与他的距离拉近了.使我们感到与他距离缩短的原因还有许多,比如,穿着随意,相处自然,热情好客,快人快语,充满激情,自信从容,就像我们认识多年的一个老熟人,与这样的人交谈真是一件愉快的事.     

综合收益披露改革与管理层盈余操纵

基于综合收益列报改革契机,考察管理层盈余管理活动的新趋势和手段.结果显示:列报改革促使企业管理层大幅度增加应计盈余管理和销售异常现金流真实盈余管理活动,以达到业绩改善,弥补净利润和其他综合收益盈余信息透明度提高所带来的损失.针对以往通过出售有价证券结转损益进行盈余管理的企业,提出应加强其应计盈余管理与真实盈余管理中异常销售活动的监督.     

Value Relevance of Mandated Comprehensive Income Disclosures

This paper examines the association between acquisiton-related provision-taking behaviour and post-acquisition performance for a sample of UK firms that undertook large acquisitions between 1989 and 1995. We find evidence that provision-taking was associated with declining accounting and market-adjusted stock price performance over the three-year period following the fiscal year of the acquisition. This relationship exists after controlling for a variety of factors, including method of payment in the acquisition and post-acquisition cash flow performance. By implication, post-acquisition abnormal returns appear to have been predictable based on publicly available information about the magnitude of the provisions. These findings are consistent with the following scenario: The management of the high provisioners used the provisions to insulate accounting earnings from the effects of declining cash flows. The market belatedly reacted to these firms' declining fortunes when net income was no longer inflated by provision reversals.     

On the Usefulness of Operating Income,Net Income and Comprehensive Income in Explaining Security Returns

This study evaluates the usefulness of three earnings definitions (operating income, net income and comprehensive income) in explaining residual security returns. Usefulness is measured in terms of relative information content and incremental information content. In the former, the goodness-of-fit of the return-earnings relationship is compared under each earnings definition. In the latter, the increase in goodness-of-fit due to additional earnings components is measured. Based on a sample that averages 922 firms a year for 18 years, the analysis shows that operating income weakly dominates net income, and that both operating income and net income dominate comprehensive income, in information content. The results also show that those items that account for the difference between net income and operating income have incremental information content, but not those between net income and comprehensive income. The practical and academic contributions of these findings are discussed.     

Reporting Performance: Comprehensive Income and its Components

The underlying question raised in this article is: why is the accounting profession's conceptual framework (CF) so authoritative when it is conceptually incoherent? A supplementary question is how can ‘conceptually robust’ accounting standards be derived from an incoherent framework? This article draws on Page and Spira's (1999) contrasting framework metaphors to suggest that the appearance of conceptual robustness is more important than the reality, and illustrates the point with the International Accounting Standards Board's (IASB’s) progress report on its reporting performance project. Some inherent weaknesses in the move towards internationally enforceable financial regulations have been acknowledged, but this article suggests the IASB's project demonstrates two additional weaknesses: internal incoherence, and the potential for political ends to drive supposedly technical regulations.     

其他综合收益是会计要素吗

财政部2009年印发的《企业会计准则解释第3号》中首次提出应当将"其他综合收益"项目增列于利润表中,并于2014年修订了《企业会计准则第30号——财务报表列报》,将其他综合收益正式作为一个报表项目进入利润表的报表框架.一般来说,报表中的项目都归属于一定的会计要素,并遵循一定的逻辑关系列示于财务报表中.其他综合收益作为一种收益,归属于综合收益,我国在具体准则中对其作了界定,但在基本准则中却没有与之对应的要素,那其他综合收益到底是不是会计要素呢?本文认为其他综合收益是会计要素,它应该归之于综合收益要素的次级要素.     

其他综合收益、分析师预测与决策价值

其他综合收益作为“脏盈余”的回收站,是否对信息使用者具有决策价值是困扰准则制定者的重要学术问题,从资本市场最专业的财务报表使用者——证券分析师视角出发,研究其他综合收益对分析师盈余预测的影响,检验分析师是否能够有效识别利用其他综合收益信息.研究结果表明:其他综合收益信息对分析师盈余预测准确性有显著影响,即其他综合收益比重高的企业,分析师盈余误差的分歧越大;其他综合收益强制披露后分析师解读成本减低,盈余预测准确性得以提高.结论支持现阶段其他综合收益信息在分析师利预测中的作用,间接证明其他综合收益的决策价值.     

Value Relevance of Comprehensive Income for the Canadian Market*

The value relevance of comprehensive income (CI) compared to net income (NI) remains unresolved. We look at this issue in the Canadian market, using association methods to determine the value relevance of reporting CI and other comprehensive income (OCI) components for stock prices and returns. The sample consists of all the firms in the S&P/TSX Composite Index that prepared their financial statements according to Canadian standards or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) over the 2008–2016 period. Although we find no evidence that CI is more value relevant than NI for stock prices and returns, we note that some OCI components are incrementally value relevant beyond NI for both amounts. In addition, financial services firms differ from other companies in terms of the relationships between some of their OCI components and prices or returns, with such firms even driving some relationships. Relationships between OCI components and prices or returns are also affected when data from the financial crisis period are excluded, with some relationships even changing after IFRS adoption. These results inform Canadian standard setters and financial statement users that OCI components are decision useful for the Canadian market.     

从新修订的会计准则看全面收益表的应用

近年来，我国证券市场出现比较严重的利润操纵现象，一些亏损的上市公司往往藉债务重组、资产置换、关联交易等手段来扭亏为盈，引起市场价格大幅波动，以致发生大量不正常的交易。这种被称为“市场参与之间的数字游戏”与支撑资本市场成功的基本原则——真实、公允、充分披露和透明度等背道而驰。2000年1月，财政部修订了现行5项具体企业会计准则，其中对(《债务重组》和(《非货币性交易》均作了重大修改，     

基于模糊综合评价的中小企业所得税影响因素研究

针对我国中小企业在发展中普遍面临所得税负担较重、纳税筹划能力不足、纳税筹划方案设计缺乏针对性等突出问题,选取深圳中小板块上市的40家中小企业为样本,利用模糊综合评价法定量分析这些企业所得税的主要影响因素。事实上,运用这种方法制定纳税筹划方案,将有助于中小企业提高所得税纳税筹划效率,降低筹划成本,减少理财费用,促使财务管理工作达到良好效果。     

收益法应用中收益额的选择及其预测

收益法是指将资产未来收益折成现值以估算资产价值的方法,这种方法被称为资产评估三种基本方法中先进的方法.但收益法中主要参数的预测难度大,受较强的主观判断和未来收益不可预见因素的影响,使方法本身思路方面的先进性大打折扣.本文试就收益法应用中收益额的选择及其预测问题进行探讨.     

建立综合和分类相结合的个人所得税征管制度研究

本文结合山东省青岛市个人所得税征管调研情况,分析了交叉型和并立型综合和分类相结合个人所得税具体征收模式对税收征管的要求,并借鉴国际先进经验,提出了具体的改革建议。     

Income Shifting in the Spanish Dual Income Tax*

Based on a model of behavioural response to taxes, and using the Taxpayers Panel from the Instituto de Estudios Fiscales for the period 1999–2009, we analyse whether the dual nature of the Spanish personal income tax (PIT), reinforced by the 2007 reform, has influenced taxpayers’ behaviour, causing them to convert part of their ‘general income’ (from labour, real estate or economic activities) into ‘savings income’ (from movable capital or capital gains). We also extend the analysis of income shifting and study whether Spanish taxpayers also responded to the different tax treatments given to the two types of savings income (from movable capital and capital gains) until 2007, transforming savings income from one type to the other. The results of our study demonstrate three facts. First, Spanish taxpayers did respond to the different tax rates, shifting income from the general base to different forms of savings, especially capital gains. The highest‐income individuals and the self‐employed and business owners are the groups where this behaviour was most marked. Second, the self‐employed and business owners also turned income from movable assets into capital gains, guided by their different tax rates. And third, we find signs of ‘anticipation’ and ‘learning’ effects caused by the 2007 tax reform. We believe that the results obtained will enrich the growing literature on income shifting.     

论证券投资基金的收益及其分配

证券投资基金的收益主要包括利息收入，股利收入和资本利得。在甸证券市场发育不完善的现阶段，出于会计谨慎性原则的考虑，证券投资基金的收益不应包括股票股利和未实现的资本利得。在收益分配方面，管理层对证券投资基金收益分配政策的限制过程多过死，不利于投资基金业的健康发展，基金持有人大会在基金收益分配政策的制定上应当享有更多的决定权。