创业投资家与企业家的人力资本特性研究

创业投资企业作为一种知识型企业,与传统企业的最大不同在于,人力资本在资源配置中开始上升为主导地位。首先。创业投资家为创业投资企业配置知识资本与人力资本,这一点可以从理论与实证两方面进行解释。其次,创业不仅是创业企业家一种对机会的识别与新价值发现,而且是创业团队人员共同参与的创新行动,这个行动体现出了创业企业家特有的创业精神。第三,创业投资家与创业企业家之间的人力资本特性关系以及由此产生的治理机制是创业投资企业治理的关键,信任与合作是克服创业投资家和创业企业家之间代理风险的关键。本文主要从以上三方面详细分析了创业投资家与创业企业家的人力资本特性及其相互关系。     

风险投资家和创业者的双边匹配模型研究

在风险投资领域中,风险投资家和创业者选择与谁建立投资关系,对创业公司未来收益的大小有着重要的影响。利用Gale&Shapley的学院录取模型,结合风险投资的实际,建立双边匹配模型,探讨风险投资家和创业者之间的双向选择关系,并以实例说明模型的求解及应用。     

A Theory of Interest and the Steady-State Rate of Return on Capital

Fazi and Salvodri have shown that, by drooping the unnecessary assumption that the interest rate received by the workers on their loans to the capitalists is equal to the rate of profit which the capitalists get from their investment, the Kaldor model becomes perfectly consistent without assuming that wags income is not saved. In order to obtain the steady-state rate of return on capital, however, they need a specific theory on interest rates. Using Hong's theory on interest rates in the form of “institutionalized monopsonistic capital market,” this paper demonstrates how we can obtain the steady-state rate of return on capital on a given parameter value of the interest-rate elasticity of workers' demand for monetary assests. [020]     

The innovation and performance impacts of venture capital investment on China’s small- and medium-sized enterprises

This study examines the impacts of venture capital (VC) on performance and innovation of China’s small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME). Using unbalanced panel data of 2699 VC-backed and non-VC backed firms in China’s pilot over-the-counter equities market, namely the National Equity Exchange and Quotation (NEEQ) market, during 2005–2014, we find that venture capital financing not only spurs innovation in the Chinese market, but also exhibits significantly positive impact on financial performance. Empirical evidence reveals that syndication of venture capital investment as well as the reputation of venture capitalists helps to create value for VC-backed firms. However, no evidence is found that foreign VC-backed firms perform better than domestic VC-backed ones. The results are robust to a variety of specifications. Our findings imply that the VC financing is an effective channel to promote the development of SMEs at China’s multi-layer capital market and syndicated VC investments and venture capitalists with high reputation shall be encouraged to play a bigger role in nurturing innovation and entrepreneurship in the future.     

Local Laws and Venture Capital Contracting in Transition Economies: Evidence from Poland

This study focuses on the legal structuring of venture capital deals in Poland. Three conclusions are derived. First, owing to significant imperfections in the Polish legal infrastructure, local venture capitalists need to consider how to structure their transactions. This represents a unique feature of venture capital investing in emerging markets. The study confirms the existence of three types of legal structures in venture capital investing (i.e. local deals, offshore deals and complex deals), with offshore deals being the predominant category. Second, local venture capitalists display different preferences for various deal structures based on venture capital firms' characteristics. Third, the placement of venture capitalists' rights varies across different legal documents, with the most pronounced difference being observed in local deals. The study is based on a survey of 64 venture capitalists.     

人力资本风险投资:一个人力资本持续投资的分析框架

市场经济条件下人力资本投资具有高风险性,如何促使人力资本各投资主体将更多的资本转移到人力资本投资领域并得以持续投资,显然需要一种新的理念,人力资本风险投资及其分析框架的构建是符合现阶段经济实际的一个重要命题假说。论文基于人力资本投资的不确定性和损失性,提出并界定人力资本风险投资概念,分析人力资本风险投资主体选择及其相互关系,着力构建人力资本风险投资周期及风险管理理论和技术模型,为人力资本投资风险分散提供一种新的分析框架。     

风险投资家人力资本特征与风险投资基金募集关系研究

风险投资家人力资本特征与其基金募集结果密切相关。以145个风险投资募资团队和252个募资团队领导者为研究样本，分析人力资本特征与风险投资基金募资结果的关系。结果发现，募资规模与募资团队海外背景、整体教育程度显著正相关，与募资团队平均任期显著负相关，与团队领导者海外背景、管理职业背景显著正相关；募资团队海外背景显著有利于外资基金募集；募资团队整体人力资本特征对基金募集的影响高于团队领导者人力资本特质。该成果拓展了对风险投资基金募集的研究，为风险投资机构培养与选拔募资人才及团队提供了理论依据。     

风险投资网络社群集聚性与可达性对成功退出的影响

从中观层面研究风险投资网络成为风险投资领域的热点。基于风险投资网络社群这一中观视角,研究风险投资网络社群集聚性、可达性及二者交互效应对机构成功退出的影响。运用CV Source数据库2005年1月1日至12月31日的样本数据,采用多元回归模型进行分析。结果表明:①风险投资机构网络社群集聚与成功退出呈倒U型关系;②可达性与成功退出呈正相关关系;③可达性正向调节社群集聚与成功退出的倒U型关系。研究结果对风险投资网络社群结构优化、提高机构投资绩效具有一定理论价值和实际意义。     

不完全合同、创新与联合投资

本文结合美国硅谷的实际情况,基于不完全合同理论从联合投资和创新激励二者之间的关系展开研究.通过建立两期模型研究认为,合同不完全正是导致创业资本家发生窃取行为的客观原因.这种情况下,企业家和创业资本家双方的努力投入是不足的;而通过联合投资可以使得投资双方的努力投入达到最优,并给出了最优的联合投资规模.     

创业企业高管团队特征对风投机构投资策略的影响——制度环境与机构专长的双重调节效应

高管团队作为创业企业的掌舵者，是风投机构制定投资策略的重要信号机制。因此，基于高阶理论，探究创业企业高管团队特征对风投机构投资策略的影响机制，进而剖析制度环境与风投机构行业专长对上述影响的调节机制，得出以下结论：①对于平均年龄较低、受教育水平较高、政治关系较强以及社会关系较强的创业企业高管团队而言，风投机构倾向于采取分阶段投资与联合投资策略；②良好的制度环境能够降低投资成本，帮助风投机构优化价值服务质量，弱化创业企业高管团队特征对风投机构分阶段投资与联合投资的影响；③较高的行业专长意味风投具有较完善的监督机制与丰富的资源网络，能够降低创业企业高管团队特征对风投机构分阶段投资与联合投资的影响。     

转移性约束对风险投资家筹集基金行为的影响

针对信息非对称条件下风险投资家筹集基金时投资者可能出现的逆向选择问题,采用不完全信息静态博弈理论方法,构造了以转移性约束为选择变量、目标函数为风险投资家从两个风险投资基金中取得最大化收益的博弈模型。该模型合理解释了实施转移性约束可有效区分基金投资者的类型,资本市场的信息非对称程度越严重,风险投资家对投资者实施的转移性约束越有效。     

创业企业高管团队特征对风投机构投资策略的影响——制度环境与机构专长的双重调节效应

高管团队作为创业企业的掌舵者,是风投机构制定投资策略的重要信号机制。因此,基于高阶理论,探究创业企业高管团队特征对风投机构投资策略的影响机制,进而剖析制度环境与风投机构行业专长对上述影响的调节机制,得出以下结论:(1)对于平均年龄较低、受教育水平较高、政治关系较强以及社会关系较强的创业企业高管团队而言,风投机构倾向于采取分阶段投资与联合投资策略;(2)良好的制度环境能够降低投资成本,帮助风投机构优化价值服务质量,弱化创业企业高管团队特征对风投机构分阶段投资与联合投资的影响;(3)较高的行业专长意味风投具有较完善的监督机制与丰富的资源网络,能够降低创业企业高管团队特征对风投机构分阶段投资与联合投资的影响。     

Venture Capital Backed Growth

The paper proposes a simple equilibrium model of venture capital, start-up entrepreneurship and innovation. Venture capitalists not only finance but also advise start-up entrepreneurs and thereby add value to new firms. The paper shows how a productive and active venture capital industry boosts innovation based growth. It also demonstrates the potential of tax policy to promote innovation and growth by strengthening incentives for more intensive venture capital support.     

公开市场信号对创业投资决策和绩效的影响

本文通过分析470家创业投资机构在1999—2008年间对10个行业的投资决策,发现以创业投资支持的行业IPO数来衡量的公开市场信号显著地影响了创业投资机构的投资决策,且行业经验越丰富的创业投资机构对公开市场信号变化的敏感性越强。在此基础上,通过考察这些创业投资机构在此期间的1 648条投资记录的绩效,发现行业经验作为创业投资机构的重要人力资本能够有效地发现公开市场信号带来的投资机会,提高投资绩效。     

Staged financing: a trade-off theory of holdup and option value

This paper investigates financial contract design in venture capital investments and shows that staged financing is the implementation of optimal contracts. In designing contracts, venture capitalists consider the value of real options and the costs of holdup. This consideration boils down to contract rigidity and flexibility: rigid contracts mitigate the holdup problem of entrepreneurs, but have little option values, whereas flexible contracts create real options for venture capitalists in corporate decision-making, but yield weak bargaining power when ventures appear promising. In optimal contracts, venture capitalists choose flexibility by separating capital into stages and then strategically allocating control rights at each stage. This strategy creates option value in corporate governance, and can protect sunk investments in distress while capturing the potential benefits of good outcomes.     

风险投资的激励机制

风险投资中存在各种较高的风险,其中包括企业家的道德风险.如何有效控制道德风险,提升风险投资的效率?通过什么样的机制或治理结构来激励创业企业家,使其努力工作?从效用、投资阶段、剩余控制权和剩余索取权等角度,分析了风险投资家对创业企业家实行的正反向激励机制.     

基于公平心理偏好的风险融资契约研究

在风险融资市场中,由于风险投资者和风险投资家之间存在着信息不对称,道德风险问题不可避免。因此,需要设计一种有效的激励机制来规避这一问题。考虑到现实中风险投资者和风险投资家都是有限理性的个体,结合行为经济学和委托代理理论,针对具有公平心理偏好的风险投资者和风险投资家,构建一种新的支付模式,通过设计有效的激励机制,为风险投资者建立合理的支付契约提供依据。     

期权定价理论在风险投资决策中的应用探析

鉴于风险投资决策传统方法的局限性及风险投资的期权特性,根据金融期权的定价方法,引出实物期权的定价公式。通过计算风险投资项目中实物期权的价值,比较分析NPV法与实物期权定价法的差异,可得出在风险投资中引入实物期权的思想,对风险投资者作出正确的投资决策,以及对风险资本的保值增值有重大的指导意义。     

Australian Business Investment: A New Look at the Neoclassical Approach*

This paper attempts to reconcile neoclassical theory with Australian investment data. We argue that, by focusing almost exclusively on the demand for capital services, neoclassical investment theory neglects two related decisions: the decision to own the existing capital stock, and the decision to produce new capital goods. We propose a simple model of investment behaviour that integrates production decisions with portfolio decisions. Careful consideration is given to the determination of the price of capital, the rental price of capital, and the return on capital. The model is estimated by FIML, and a number of simulation results are reported.     

风险投资对上市公司投融资行为影响的实证研究

本文研究风险投资机构对上市公司投融资行为的影响机制和作用效果,结果发现:风险投资的加入不仅可以抑制公司对自由现金流的过度投资,而且可以增加公司的短期有息债务融资和外部权益融资,并在一定程度上缓解因现金流短缺所导致的投资不足问题。进一步研究还发现不同特征的风险投资机构均可起到抑制自由现金流过度投资的作用,但只有高持股比例、高声誉、联合投资或非国有背景的风险投资机构才能够显著地改善外部融资环境,缓解现金短缺公司的投资不足问题。综合本文研究结果,作者认为企业上市后仍然可以利用风险投资机构的监督职能、声誉资源和融资关系网络来解决代理问题和信息不对称问题,进而促进企业投融资行为的规范化和理性化。