后进国家经济增长机制研究

“干中学”在经济增长中起着重要的作用,对于后进国家尤为如此。但是,它在其中究竟起着怎样的作用,到底是“干中 学”,还是“开放”在起作用?具体的经济机制是什么,却是含糊不清的。本文指出了两点主要特征,首先,“干中学”是与资本积累过程联系在一起的,迅速地实现赶超速度是伴随着资本积累增长过程而实现的。其次,“干中学”使得资源配置有利于技术模仿,长期来看,不能鼓励技术创新和知识积累。因此,“干中学”增长机制的作用是历史的、有条件的。     

适宜技术、技术选择和发展中国家的经济增长

在本文中，我们认为一个国家最适宜（优）的技术结构内生决定于这个国家的要素禀赋结构。如果一个发展中国家选择与其要素禀赋结构相一致的技术结构，那么这个发展中国家和发达国家之间在全要素生产率以及每个劳动力的人均产出上的差异就会变得最小。进一步地，如果发展中国家选择最适宜的技术，那么由于发展中国家在技术变迁的成本上比发达国家低，因此，发展中国家的经济增长速度可以超过发达国家的经济增长速度，从而，我们可以得出发展中国家可以收敛到发达国家的结论。     

International Integration and Growth: A Further Investigation on Developing Countries

The paper examines empirically the linkages between international integration and economic growth in a panel of 47 developing countries and 18 trade blocs over the period 1970–1989. Specifically, it attempts to identify through which channel(s) – notably, specialization according to comparative advantage and increased efficiency, exploitation of increasing returns from larger market, and technology spillovers through investment and trade–trade blocs can affect the economic growth of their member countries. The results suggest that (1) intra-bloc trade does not affect growth significantly; (2) income diversion among member countries contributes positively and significantly to growth; and (3) the size of the trade bloc does matter in the sense that the bigger is not always the better for the welfare of the member countries.     

Productive Consumption and Growth in Developing Countries

Productive consumption enables the satisfaction of current needs and increases the productive potential of labor. The productive-consumption hypothesis is of fundamental interest because it modifies the harsh intertemporal consumption tradeoff traditionally assumed. The incorporation of the productive- consumption hypothesis into a simple endogenous growth model reveals the following implications: (i) the possibility of a poverty-trap; (ii) the rule of optimal consumption turns into a modified Keynes–Ramsey rule; (iii) the (effective) IES is based on, inter alia , the technological opportunities to enhance human capital due to productive consumption; (iv) a rising saving rate; and (v) transitional dynamics to an asymptotic balanced-growth path.     

债务型经济增长:当代发达国家的经济特征

2008年美国金融危机和近年一些发达国家相继发生的主权债务危机,从根本上不同于以往历次危机,展现了当代发达资本主义国家经济的债务化特征,即一方面资本过剩(流动性过剩)推动了金融资本投机性投资,依靠金融创新制造的"财富效应"来刺激虚假的购买力;另一方面,发达国家政府依靠债务来维持其庞大的财政开支。债务型经济增长是不可持续的,终将爆发危机进行强制性调整。     

文化价值与冲突管理模式：四国一地跨文化对比

通过对四国一地（美国、阿曼、土耳其、中国、中国澳门）5个不同文化集团成员核心文化价值体系和冲突管理策略的调查,本研究发现了文化价值与冲突管理策略之间的基本关系趋势。研究结果显示,集体主义在中国大陆样本中发生了一定程度的弱化现象。对冲突管理策略的分析,虽然得出了几个不能得到合理解释的混合结果,但文化价值与冲突管理策略之间的基本关系仍然没有发生质的变化。本研究为完善跨文化冲突管理理论提供了新的视角,同时也为我国跨文化交际研究提供了方法上的借鉴。     

民营经济先发地区企业的经营理念及启示

本文以宁波百强企业为样本,对我国民营经济先发地区企业的典型经营理念进行提炼,总结出10大理念,这些经营理念及其形成过程对民营经济后发地区的企业与政府有较强的启示作用。     

发展中国家经济安全问题的制度分析

在市场经济全球化迅速发展的背景下,制度因素已成为影响发展中国家经济安全的最大瓶颈.因此,拟从新制度主义的视角,从制度结构和制度供求两个维度对发展中国家经济安全的影响机制进行深入系统的阐释,在此基础之上,提出应对经济安全问题的具体对策和措施.     

后发优势、技术引进和落后国家的经济增长

有别于其他关于技术转移和经济增长的文献，我们提出了一个关于落后国家可以通过发挥后发优势来实现技术追赶的内生增长模型。在我们的模型中，落后国家通过从发达国家引进技术可以获得比发达国家更快的经济增长，并使得落后经济最终收敛到发达经济。     

Explaining Differences in Economic Growth among OECD Countries

This paper re-examines the determinants of growth of GDP per capita using panel data for OECD countries for the period 1970–1999 with data averaged over five-year periods from new perspectives. First, we introduce indicators of innovation input and technological specialization simultaneously into the empirical growth equation. Second, we employ the system-GMM (Generalized-Method-of-Moments) panel estimator that controls for (a) the possible specification bias when variables are highly persistent over time and (b) the possible simultaneity bias. We find a large and statistically significant impact of business enterprise R&D (BERD) intensity on GDP per capita with an elasticity of 0.22. The share of high-technology exports is also significantly positively related to GDP per capita, but the magnitude suggests that BERD is more important than technological specialization in explaining the level of GDP per capita. Furthermore, we find that the budget deficit and government consumption (both measured as percentages of GDP) and the volatility of growth are significantly negatively related to GDP per capita.The authors would like to thank Gunther Tichy for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article. We also thank the participants of the Austrian economic association conference (NOEG) and the Empirical Industrial Organization workshop at the WU WIEN for helpful comments. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the OeNB Jubiläumsfonds Project and the Austrian Federal Ministry for Economy and Labor (BMWA).JEL codes: E62, H20, H50, O23, O40     

Risk and Household Grain Management in Developing Countries

A dynamic model is presented of a household's joint production, storage, and trade decisions when facing transaction costs and risk in prices and yields. Grain management decisions balance the goals of maximising profits and reducing consumption price risk. Model solutions calibrated to Chinese data show that grain's consumption role makes it an attractive form of precautionary saving even when households have access to credit, the joint nature of production and savings decisions limits the income loss associated with risk-coping, and the desire to store grain can explain why subsistence households are frequently net purchasers but rarely net sellers of grain.     

论经济全球化中发展中国家对经济主权问题的认识

对于经济全球化给发展中国家主权带来的问题，发展中国家的认识经历了由盲目到觉醒的过程，主要表现是：实现了“让渡”经济主权无限性到有限性的转变；实现了不愿让渡到主动让渡部分经济主权的转变；实现了由不干预、放任到自觉强化主权、加强适度干预的转变。     

财政支出结构与经济增长关系研究——基于发达国家的经验研究

笔者对13个发达国家1972年～2006年的面板数据进行了实证研究,结果显示:资本性(经常性)支出对经济增长率有负(正)效应,这与以往许多学者所认为的财政的资本性支出较之经常性支出对经济增长更有贡献的观点是相左的。其次,财政支出规模、私人固定投资以及外汇黑市溢价对经济增长也有着显著的影响。本研究对于在平衡预算下的财政支出结构决策有现实指导意义。     

On the Welfare Cost of Economic Fluctuations in Developing Countries*

Macroeconomic fluctuations are much stronger in developing countries than in the United States. Yet, while a large literature debates the welfare cost of economic fluctuations in the United States, it remains an open question how large that cost is in developing countries. Using several models, we provide such a measure. We find that the welfare cost of consumption volatility per se is far from trivial and averages a substantial multiple of the corresponding U.S. estimate. Moreover, in many poor countries, the welfare gain from eliminating volatility may in fact exceed the welfare gain from an additional percentage point of growth forever.