组织合法性：微观层面的理论研究与前沿分析

组织合法性作为企业生存发展的重要资源,一直是学界研究热点。基于CiteSpace可视化分析软件,依据Web of Science数据库2008-2017年已有文献,绘制组织合法性引文聚类图、关键词演化趋势图及最近180天高频关键词分布图,对微观层面组织合法性引文关系、热点议题进行分析。研究发现：①在微观层面组织合法性研究中,以企业方面的研究最为突出;②在组织合法性研究中,企业社会责任理论、市场划分理论等是最新凸显的研究视角;③组织合法性战略及组织合法性获取仍是该研究阶段热点,其中组织合法性双刃性研究是最新凸显的议题。     

Leadership-organizational culture relationship in nursing units of acute care hospitals

The phenomena of leadership and organizational culture (OC) has been defined as the driving forces in the success or failure of an organization. Today, nurse managers must demonstrate leadership behaviors or styles that are appropriate for the constantly changing, complex, and turbulent health care delivery system. In this study, researchers explored the relationship between nurse managers' leadership styles and OC of nursing units within an acute care hospital that had achieved excellent organizational performance as demonstrated by a consistent increase in patient satisfaction ratings. The data from this study support that transformational and transactional contingent reward leaderships as nurse manager leadership styles that are associated with nursing unit OC that have the ability to balance the dynamics of flexibility and stability within their nursing units and are essential for maintaining organizational effectiveness. It is essential for first-line nursing leaders to acquire knowledge and skills on organizational cultural competence.     

科技人才领地行为如何影响后续公民行为——心理所有权的中介效应

在我国市场经济深化改革的时代背景下，过去固有的集体主义文化逐步与个体主义文化相融合，当代中国人的物权意识有了极大提升，领地行为在我国组织管理中表现出强大解释力。科技人才作为创新创业先导，其领地行为对后续公民行为的影响机制显示出别样特点，然而，目前相关研究稍显不足。基于心理所有权理论视角，实证研究科技人才领地行为在组织中呈现的两面性问题及其与组织公民行为的关系。运用问卷调查获得全国高校、高新科技企业以及科研院所有效问卷290份，并开展结构方程实证分析。结果表明：科技人才领地行为对公民行为同时存在双向影响，其中，控制标记和反应防卫行为对组织公民行为具有直接负向影响，而身份识别标记具有直接正向影响；预先防卫行为正向影响组织公民行为，而心理所有权发挥关键中介作用。究其原因，领地行为对组织的多样性影响，主要源于其内涵维度的差异性和心理所有权的中介效应。     

论组织管理与组织中人的全面发展的关系

组织中的人通过管理与组织密切联系。从组织管理的内涵、管理的知识体系、管理的目标、管理理论的发展阶段、组织文化及道德作用等几个方面阐述了组织管理与组织个人全面发展的关系，表明二者是相辅相成，共存共荣的关系。组织目标涵盖环境层次、组织层次和个人层次三个层面，将社会发展、组织赢利和个人完善有机的结合起来。而不能忽视的是，在任何一个组织目标得以顺利实现的过程中．，管理都在其中发挥着十分关键的作用。     

Knowledge Management in Practice: An Exploratory Case Study

Knowledge has been identified as one of the most important resources that contributes to the competitive advantage of an organization. The organizational and social issues associated with the development, implementation and use of information technology have increasingly attracted the attention of knowledge management researchers. The paper is based on an empirical investigation of knowledge sharing processes from an international organization, Buckman Laboratories. Through the socio-technical perspective, the paper traces the interactions between knowledge management practices and the organizational context. On the basis of the research, we propose a perspective of socio-technical theory relevant to knowledge management within organizations. We conclude that management and leadership play a critical role in establishing the multi-level context for the effective assimilation of knowledge management practice.     

Knowledge Management in Practice: An Exploratory Case Study

Knowledge has been identified as one of the most important resources that contributes to the competitive advantage of an organization. The organizational and social issues associated with the development, implementation and use of information technology have increasingly attracted the attention of knowledge management researchers. The paper is based on an empirical investigation of knowledge sharing processes from an international organization, Buckman Laboratories. Through the socio-technical perspective, the paper traces the interactions between knowledge management practices and the organizational context. On the basis of the research, we propose a perspective of socio-technical theory relevant to knowledge management within organizations. We conclude that management and leadership play a critical role in establishing the multi-level context for the effective assimilation of knowledge management practice.     

Defining and exploring the terrorism field: Toward an intertheoretic, agent-based approach

Drawing upon organizational design, contingency, and field theory, we outline a conceptual model for studying terrorism at the field level and argue that existing computational organizational theory could be extended to enable such inquiry. We introduce the terrorism field as the system of dynamic interaction between the terrorism, counterterrorism and political governance industries, defining the overarching functions of each. We then argue that intertheoretic, field-level inquiry could lead to explicit conceptual and computational models with significant benefits for researchers and policy makers, to include enhancing understanding of the proximate environmental conditions that are deleterious to the use of terrorism by political challengers. Using POW-ER, an illustrative field-level case of a basic terrorist attack is then modeled based on two archetypes of terrorist organizational forms emerging from the new terrorism debate: 1) hierarchy and 2) network, and two treatments: 1) applying counterterrorism techniques and 2) reducing knowledge within the terrorist organization. Preliminary findings compared to the baseline case are discussed, as well as implications for future research.     

Civil Society and Investor–state Dispute Settlement: Assessing the Social Dimensions of Investment Disputes in Latin America

Investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) has come to the forefront of debate over corporate rights in the contemporary era. While proponents laud ISDS as a neutral and efficient means of dispute resolution, critics claim that it shields transnational corporations from the oversight of national legal systems while enhancing their ability to interfere in host state policy matters. Moreover, because dispute settlement is carried out in international tribunals, ISDS is argued to disable citizen-driven politics. Governments have called on arbitration bodies to enhance the transparency of ISDS procedures and open spaces for civil society involvement. This reflects a desire to increase the legitimacy of ISDS in the face of mounting contestation. In this paper, I examine the multiple ways in which civil society actors intervene in investor–state arbitration inside and outside of formal channels. I focus specifically on two disputes involving foreign investors active in the water and hydrocarbons sectors of Argentina and Ecuador, respectively. I find that political pressure exerted by civil society actors influenced government decisions to break with investment rules and helped to shape government positioning within arbitral processes. Civil society actors must therefore be recognised as important participants in investor–state disputes.     

Research on Model of Virtual Organization and Its Practice

This paper discusses an organizational model to be used for both conventional and virtual organizations. The model deals with variable relationships within an organization and provides a framework for overall organizational design that may include relationship among different design variables and external relationship with environment. Based on the researches of virtual organization, this paper also illustrates the new model of organization in the real world such as Beijing 2008 Olympic games and Dongfeng Automobile group.     

组织结构演化的效率与适应悖论

基于演化理论的观点认为,在企业成长的过程中,组织内部会形成大量的惯例与流程,表现出组织结构惰性。本文认为,这种惰性的实质即企业过于重视内部效率而忽视了对外部环境的适应,结果导致企业战略演化形成路径锁定,而阻碍了战略的及时更新,这时企业陷入了"战略演化陷阱"。本文对组织演化中效率与适应的悖论进行了解释,探讨了组织结构惰性的成因,并提出了一个实证的理论框架。     

Understanding Agro-Holdings in Russia: A Commonsian Analysis

Agro-holdings in Russia are large-scale vertically integrated farms within the food processing industry which emerged in the economic, political, and social context inherited from the Soviet era and the post-Soviet market transition. Several economic researchers consider agro-holdings either as a transitory phenomenon or as a major innovation that enables economies of scale and scope. However, their sustainability does not support the idea of a transitory organizational form. Meanwhile, important aspects of their activity, as with the financing of social infrastructures and the partnership with public institutions, cannot be explained by the aim of productive efficiency. I argue that applying John R. Commons’ concepts of strategic transactions, going concerns, and futurity offers an insight enabling the understanding of agro-holdings in Russia as the result of actors’ capacity to form new working rules and compromises, reflected in going concerns that incorporate both the productive and distributive dimensions of their activity.     

资源观视角下谦卑领导行为与二次创业绩效关系研究

谦卑型领导是领导学新兴的研究热点。基于社会交换理论和资源基础理论，引入资源整合、资源共享双重中介变量，构建以组织合法性为调节变量的效应模型。运用软件SPSS23.0和AMOS20.0进行回归分析、验证性因子分析以及相关分析并实施统计检验，探明组织合法性、资源整合、资源共享在谦卑领导行为与二次创业绩效之间的作用路径及影响。结果表明：资源整合与资源共享在谦卑领导行为和二次创业绩效之间起部分中介作用；组织合法性在谦卑领导行为与资源整合、资源共享之间起正向调节作用。其中，谦卑领导行为对资源共享的正向作用更显著；在二次创业情境下，谦卑领导行为对创业绩效具有显著正向作用。     

自我职业生涯管理与科技人才组织承诺:工作内嵌入与专业认同的作用

以社会认同理论为基础,将科技人才自我职业生涯管理、工作内嵌入、专业认同和组织承诺整合在一个理论模型中,运用304个样本数据实证探究了四者间的关系。结果表明：注重自我职业生涯管理的科技人才,其组织承诺更高;工作内嵌入在自我职业生涯管理与科技人才组织承诺间发挥部分中介作用;专业认同度高的科技人才自我职业生涯管理对其组织承诺的正向影响更突出。     

组织合法性理论视角下强制性与自愿性环境披露对比研究

企业的强制性和自愿性社会和环境披露在获取组织合法性层面上有不同的效果.文章基于此领域中最前沿的组织合法性理论,对强制性和自愿性披露的合法性起源、动机、载体以及规制、规范和认知的获得进行了对比,通过研究提出了对我国企业披露实践的启示.     

Spillovers,integrated production and the theory of the firm

Recent econometric literature has demonstrated the existence of significant technological spillovers within and around groups of advanced (R&D-intensive) firms. I demonstrate thatcompetence blocks of advanced firms operate as technical universities and research institutes, unintentionally providing free educational and research services, often in areas where such services are not supplied by existing educational institutions or where the nature of competence makes traditional educational institutions incapable of supplying them. I demonstrate that the competence that diffuses from such competence blocks is botheconomic andtechnological, that it only diffuses under particular market circumstances, notably characterized by competition, and that the outcomes are typically experimental.Integrated production is an organizational technique to coordinate complex production in mechanical engineering industry within firms and over specialized consultants and subcontractors in the market. Such organizational competence is typically tacit and difficult to communicate outside its production context. Hence, such a production organization often functions as a competence block that spills knowhow throughout the industry. This organizational form is also very useful in illustrating the nature of the firm, the nature of the organizational competence that forms the backbone of western industrial technology and how that competence generates economic growth through the intermediation of firms. I use Swedish aircraft industry as a case illustration.     

国有大企业矩阵型组织结构与组织冲突问题研究

矩阵式组织形态在处理跨部门和跨地区的组织内部资源调配上有很强的灵活性,可较好地应对复杂的外部环境,但也有其自身的缺陷,如内部冲突较多,影响组织绩效。文章从结构性的角度剖析和研究了矩阵式企业的内部冲突问题。研究表明,国有企业矩阵式组织形态在横轴和纵轴的沟通、绩效考核制度方面都存在问题。矩阵式组织中纵轴和横轴之间的冲突发生机理是纵轴和横轴之间的沟通技巧、目标的矛盾,处于矛盾中心的节点位置成员倾向于服从考核权重较大的一方。     

组织中的领地性研究:文献评述与研究展望

自Brown等将领地性概念引入组织管理领域以来,至今已有十余年,但到目前为止,领地性议题尚未引起学界广泛关注。在回顾国内外现有文献的基础上,对领地性概念的延伸与对比、量表发展,以及领地行为的前因与后果变量进行了梳理,展望了未来的研究方向,以为本土化理论构建提供崭新视角与实践指导。     

税收成本、非税成本与企业组织形式选择——基于经济模型的研究框架

基于税收考虑的企业组织形式选择也称为最优企业组织形式税务筹划,即选择某种企业组织形式寻求最有效的税务筹划决策,税收成本和非税成本是影响这种有效选择的主要因素。不考虑非税成本时,企业组织形式偏好选择经济模型主要受企业所得税税率、股权转让所得的个人所得税税率、经营所得的个人所得税税率等变量影响。非税成本中的转换成本、牺牲非税优势的成本、协调与沟通成本等也是影响经济模型的重要因素。     

后发企业营销能力对颠覆性创新的影响机制

颠覆性创新逐渐成为后发企业的一种重要战略选择。基于动态能力理论，探讨后发企业由内而外和由外而内两种战略导向下营销能力对颠覆性创新的影响机制，构建营销能力以组织敏捷性为中介影响颠覆性创新的研究模型，进一步分析后发企业认知合法性的调节作用。以中小型科技创新企业为调研对象，并对191份有效问卷进行实证检验发现：后发企业由外而内营销能力对组织敏捷性具有显著正向影响，由内而外营销能力对组织敏捷性存在倒U型影响；组织敏捷性在由内而外和由外而内营销能力与颠覆性创新间发挥了部分中介作用；认知合法性正向调节了由外而内营销能力与组织敏捷性间的关系。