Adolph Lowe on Freedom,Education and Socialization

The lifework of Adolph Lowe (1893–1995) was greatly motivated by his struggle with the problem of “freedom and order”. This paper explores Lowe's largely overlooked and under-examined writings on education and political philosophy, important components of his “political economics”. Lowe's concern with the socialization function of education is highlighted and related to his notion of “spontaneous conformity, as well as the ideas of Vygotsky on imaginative children's play and C. S. Peirce on habit-change. Taking Gorman's critique of Schutz's conception of freedom as a point of departure, and drawing on the work of C. Wright Mills, Lowe's own conception of freedom is critically examined. For Lowe, the stronger the commitment to community, the greater is the possibility for individual autonomy without the threat of social disruption.     

Distinction or dichotomy: Rethinking the line between thymology and praxeology

The aim of this paper is to critically reexamine Ludwig Mises’ attempt to separate the psychological aspects of understanding (thymology) from the “science of action” (praxeology). There are, we contend, legitimate distinctions between theory, on the one hand, and, on the other, psychology or history. But, there is no need to dichotomize them from one another in the way Mises sometimes did.     

专利保护与技术创新关系的再思考

通过授予新技术以私人产权,使得作为公共物品的新技术可以通过市场的手段由私人部门提供出来,这是专利制度的本质,它总体上比政府奖励制度更有效率.然而,经典的专利经济学高估了专利制度对创新的促进作用.在一个技术进步加快的时代,累积性创新成为常态,更强的专利保护很可能会阻碍技术的进步.作为后发展国家,往往只能进行后续的跟进创新,较窄的专利保护宽度和较弱形式的知识产权保护更有利于创新能力的培养.     

构建自然与社会相协调的生态经济城市

城市走经济生态化发展之路,是人类文明进步的标志,是其自身发展的方向。近年来,我国很多城市都提出了建设生态经济城市。本文在结合我国国情的基础上,提出了建设生态经济城市的对策和设想,以期推动我国城市生态化和生态经济城市建设工作的开展。     

男女伙伴关系与人类未来--《圣杯与剑》的启示

艾斯勒强调解决男女平等权问题不仅仅是一个单纯的妇女问题,而是关系到长远利益甚至生死攸关的问题。沿着艾斯勒的思路,我们可以清楚地看到,由于妇女问题首先是一个基本人权问题、正义问题,因此当女性缺席的时候,人权和正义都将不复存在。     

Rethinking the Links between Human Relationships and Economic Efficiency Using Local Institutions: The Case of Two Emerging Economies

Emerging countries around the world have been growing fast over the last thirty years, with most of these countries basing their economic development on a state capitalism. Within these countries, there is a concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people. This fact confirms the analysis of Thorstein Veblen (1898 Veblen, Thorstein. “Why Is Economics Not an Evolutionary Sciences?” Quarterly Journal of Economics 12, 2 (1898): 373–397.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) who shows the gap that exists between the vested interest of the rich and the unmet needs of the poor. The world happiness report (Helliwell, Layard and Sachs 2016 Helliwell, John F., Richard Layard and Jeffrey Sachs, eds. World Happiness Report 2016. World Happiness, 2016. Available at http://worldhappiness.report/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/03/HR-V1_web.pdf. Accessed December 1, 2016. [Google Scholar]) also shows for the emerging economies a gap between the world rank in economic growth and in wellbeing. I propose a new paradigm of development for two emerging economies, Brazil and South Africa, by putting human development in the center of economic development and by using different approaches in economics and psychology. My analysis links the theories of Carl Shapiro and Joseph E. Stiglitz regarding “efficiency wages” (1984 Shapiro, Carl and Joseph E. Stiglitz. “Equilibrium Unemployment as Worker Disciplines Devices.” American Economic Review 74, 3 (1984): 433–444.[Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) with the complexity approach (Le Moigne 1995 Le Moigne, Jean-Louis. La modélisation des systèmes complexes. Paris, France: Dunod, 1995. [Google Scholar]). This approach combines the results of positive psychology (Kahneman 2011 Kahneman, Daniel. Thinking, Fast and Slow. London, UK: Penguin, 2011. [Google Scholar]) with the role of local institutions for improving the economic development of emerging economies (Deaton 2016 Deaton, Angus. La grande évasion: Santé, richesse et origine des inégalités. Paris, France: PUF, [2015] 2016. [Google Scholar]). In the first section of the article, I examine definitions of economic and human wealth. In the second section, I analyze the gaps that exist between the standard-of-living ranking and the wellbeing ranking for both Brazil and South Africa in order to present meso-happiness indexes linking the micro- and macro-levels of human wealth. In the last section, I analyze the way local institutions in Brazil and South Africa could create dynamic links for these countries’ efficient functioning in the world economy.     

Phenomenological and Interpretive-Structural Approaches to Economics and Sociology: Schutzian Themes in Adolph Lowe's Political Economics

Lowe's interpretive-structural approach to economics has important areas of contact with Schutzian social inquiry. Elaboration of Lowe's approach may thus play a role in the development of a phenomenological economics, while the work of Schutz and his followers can contribute to the elaboration of Lowe's interpretive-structural approach. A key issue to be worked out will be the relative importance of structural factors, or what we have here called transsubjective structures, and their relation to human motivations and behaviors.     

法经济学的展望与未来

回顾历史,法经济学的许多研究都可追溯至芝加哥大学,尤其是阿伦·达雷克特(Aaron Di-rector)和爱德华·莱维(Edward Levi)当年令人称道的合作。阿伦·迪雷达克托和爱德华·莱维共同开设了反托拉斯课程,试图将传统的法律研究与经济学原理相结合,开启了法经济学研究之先河。本文是五位著名法学家和经济学家爱泼斯坦、贝克尔、米勒、科斯、波斯纳关于法经济学的讨论。     

“仇富”与“虐穷”的考辩和理论反思

现代主流的新古典经济学承袭西方社会的自然主义思维,并在自然主义基础上赋予一定的信念形成伦理自然主义,而对存在的认知又衍生出伦理实证主义,它们把存在当成合理,并极力根据供求力量决定的均衡来设立社会规则和制度安排,并为现有制度进行辩解,从而形成了为强者利益服务的理论。然而,国内一些"主流"经济学家却心甘情愿地接受西方主流经济学合理化既定制度的根本性思维,把一切制度都看成是力量博弈的结果,以供求均衡来设计社会制度,从而产生完全有利于强势者的社会分配体制。他们不但对当前这种扭曲的事态熟视无睹,而且还总要站在强势者的一方为当前社会上出现的一些丑陋现象百般辩护。事实上,在当前中国,"虐穷"心理和"虐穷"行动远比"仇富"心理严重和广泛,但"主流"经济学家却在大肆抨击所谓的"仇富"心理。     

再思社会科学方法论的形式主义与实质主义之争——以经济学的新进展为例

笔者从社会科学方法论中的形式主义与实质主义之争这一古老论题出发,阐明了经济学中的形式主义思想在最近半个世纪的发展是建立细节完全刻画的全模型,并指出其背后的理念不在于建立普遍规律,而在于形成可以用以启发人们理解经验世界的辅助性认知手段。在澄清全模型方法认识论价值的同时,本文也指出其应用重点不在于形成理想化与意识形态化的叙事,而在于针对局域的经验事实,建立具有确定经验限定意涵的模型化推论,以阐明经验事实背后不易被单纯质性研究阐发的机制。当代经济学方法论显示的这一发展,可以被称为形式主义经济学的实质主义化,对这一趋势的把握有助于揭示主流经济学独特的认识论价值。     

人民币国际化路径的回顾与反思

回顾人民币国际化路径的观点和人民币国际化的历程,剖析现行的"贸易结算+离岸市场"人民币国际化路径导致的人民币国际贸易和国际投资的"跛足"现象和倒逼中国资本市场开放所造成的国内福利损失的问题。鉴于国际分工程度和市场交易效率是货币国际化的基础,建议中国采用"跨国公司+国内金融改革"的路径,通过跨国公司的发展提升中国在国际分工体系中的地位,通过国内金融改革提高市场交易效率,推动人民币国际化。     

The Correspondence Principle: A Superfluous Tool of Economic Analysis

I analyze the evolution of trout recreational fisheries with the objective of identifying possible factors that might be driving current controversies in biodiversity policy reforms on the governance of alien and invasive species. Findings suggest that trout species have attained a cultural status, which makes it difficult to have them eradicated without facing stiff resistance from the trout-dependent sector. Results suggested that a process of leisure augmentation through environmental greed underpinned the introduction and continuance of spreading trout. With this process came also the development of a complex set of institutions that protected trout since they served an honorific role. My findings also suggest that the Ayresian thesis that all ceremonial systems are past-binding could be relaxed because ceremonial interests also envision alternative futures that can entrench and further protect ceremonial systems. To that end, these ceremonial interests facilitate path-breaking, but harmful institutional change. I extend Paul Dale Bush's concept of institutional spaces by assigning faces to the concept, resulting in expansion of possible institutional adjustment configurations. I find that this reorganization of Bush's concept tells the historical evolution of institutions of the leisure class in South Africa in a more dynamic way.