Industry and Labour: Class Struggle at Work and Monopoly Capitalism; Social Standing in America: New Dimensions of Class; Class Structure and Social Mobility in Poland

A very well-established economic literature maintains that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are inefficient as compared to privately owned ones (POEs). In this paper, I argue that SOEs' inefficiency is not due to state ownership per se, but is rather caused conditions other than ownership, to which SOEs often — though not necessarily always — relate. In particular, I focus on dynamic efficiency — specifically, the production of technological innovation — of SOEs in manufacturing industries, where SOEs should contend with POEs in a competitive environment. I suggest that targeted measures, which are aimed at increasing managers' commitment to long-term investment strategies and at reducing corruption and political interference — albeit complex and difficult to implement — can be much more (positively) impactful on long-run technical progress than the simple privatization of companies. This leaves room for exploration and implementation of policies that might reconcile state ownership and market competition in industrial sectors.     

The Rise of the Global Corporation and the Polarization of the Managerial Class in the US

This article seeks to understand the sharp divergence in the earnings of top managerial executives in the US since the 1980s, within the historical context of the evolution and transformation of the corporate landscape through the 20th century. In particular, as US multinational corporations expanded their reach to the global market at the end of the 20th century and offshoring increased, globally dispersed US multinational corporations began to draw a rising share of their surpluses from their overseas affiliates. The article argues that this development is key to understanding the growing disparity between the earnings of the executives at the top of the managerial hierarchy and those lower down. The disproportionate rise of top managers’ wage income reflects their claim to a larger share of globally produced surplus. Discussions of the rising earnings of the managerial elite in the US need to take this historical process into account.     

创意产业勃兴与创意阶层崛起

创意产业已成为世界各国经济增长的新引擎,创意阶层是经济增长的关键。创意产业的发展和创意阶层的崛起都依赖于创意人才的培育和吸引,这是实现城市经济繁荣重要源泉。     

创意阶层崛起的条件分析

随着创意经济时代的到来,创意阶层作为创意经济发展的引擎,正在全球范围内迅速崛起.如何为创意阶层创造条件,从而促进城市可持续发展,十分值得研究.本文首先剖析了创意阶层的内涵.然后从创意阶层产生的经济条件、技术条件、基础设施条件和社会条件等四方面对创意阶层产生的条件进行了详细的分析,以图为我国创意阶层的兴起提供有益的借鉴.     

Region,Regionness and Regionalism in Latin America: Towards a New Synthesis

Latin American regional governance today represents a conglomerate of commercial, political and trans-societal welfarist integration projects. In this overlapping and sometimes conflicting scenario what Latin Americanness should mean, and how integration projects should respond to current challenges of global political economy are being redefined. The focus of the paper is twofold: to better understand current regional transformations and to discuss what new developments mean for how we theorise non-European regionalism. Looking at the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas and the Union of South American Nations we ask: How are we to understand regional agreements that are grounded in different systems of rules, alternative ideas and motivations that contest ‘open regionalism’? We argue that Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) and Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA) represent different pathways to regional building, creating foundations for post-hegemonic and post-trade regional governance. We thus challenge New Regionalist approaches that assume regionalism as taking place within and modelled by neoliberal economics, establishing the debate around ‘old’ vs. ‘new’ regionalism. As these categories are limited in grasping the full meaning and implications of post-hegemonic regional orders, we discuss UNASUR and ALBA as ‘arenas for action’ to understand divergent practices, outcomes and types of regionness emerging in alternative regional spaces in South America.     

论农村社会保障在社会主义新农村建设中的作用

党的十六届五中全会提出建设社会主义新农村是我国现代化进程中的重大历史任务。农村社会保障制度建设是建设社会主义新农村的内在要求,没有比较完善的农村社会保障制度就没有社会主义新农村。     

社会主义新农村建设中农民利益表达机制的创新

社会主义新农村建设中,农民利益表达显得光为重要,它是保证社会公正的必要条件,是政府正确决策的前提和基础,同时还是社会稳定的安全阀.由于当前我国农民所拥有资源相对不足,农民在利益表达中尚存在不少问题.在构建和谐社会重要时期,创新农民利益表达机制成为必须;加速农村生产力的发展,促进农村经济繁荣,为农民有效的利益表达提供物质基础;引入协商民主的治理模式,创新农民利益表达的制度平台;改革和完善原有的农民利益表达渠道;允许农民利益集团的形成并实现利益表达,使各种利益在竞争和博弈中实现均衡;培育新型公民文化,形成农民理性利益表达的精神文化支撑,都有利于提高农民利益表达的理性和有效程度.     

The Penn Effect revisited: New evidence from Latin America

In this paper, we examine the role of relative productivity growth in real misalignment of exchange rates in Latin American countries. Specifically, we verify the validity of the Penn Effect for selected countries in this region. Our sample consists of 15 countries for the period 1951 to 2010. We employ both short‐ and long‐panel data techniques, which allow us to experiment with estimators suitable for short and long time dimensions of panel data. The Penn Effect is found to be supported for the entire sample, and for subsamples. Relative productivity growth is dominant in the real exchange rate movement during periods of mild or weak speculative attacks, as compared with periods of severe speculative attacks. To correct for real misalignment of currencies in Latin America under speculative attacks, relative productivity growth must be sizeable.     

Socialism,Liberalism and Inequality: The Colonial Economics of the Saint-Simonians in 19th-Century Algeria

This article examines the foundations of the colonial economics of the Saint-Simonians that were developed in Algeria after the French invasion in 1830. Saint-Simonian colonial economics may be seen as a leading contributor to the development of French orientalism. This article illustrates the ambiguous position of Saint-Simonian economics in the colonial project, especially in relation to the role of equality. According to the Saint-Simonians, collective socialism was the best economic system for Algeria. This article notes, however, the contradiction inherent in the Saint-Simonians' project with regard to the racial argument they used to justify their position.     

中国社会主义市场经济理论新探:来源与发展

马克思有没有关于未来新社会的商品经济和市场经济思想，或者中国社会主义初级阶段市场经济理论是否渊源于马克思，这是一个有争议的问题。如果从整体、总和、内在联系和发展观上把握马克思的学说，无疑可以得出肯定的答案。同时，西方学者的有关理论如西方兼容理论、市场社会主义和经济全球化理论，则构成了中国社会主义市场经济理论的补充性来源。毛泽东、邓小平和第三代领导集体的理论和实践，创造、丰富和深化了这一理论。     

论马克思主义劳动价值论在社会主义条件下的新发展

本文依据马克思劳动价值理论 ,阐述了在新的时代背景下马克思主义劳动价值理论的新发展。     

The Rise, Fall and Sustainability of Capital-Resource Economies

In debates about green accounting it is sometimes argued that a positive value of aggregate investments indicates that an economy is developing sustainably. Asheim (1994) and Pezzey (1994) have shown that this is wrong, using a version of the well-known Dasgupta–Heal economy (with one capital and one non-renewable resource stock) as a counterexample. Asheim's proof referred to the unproved assumptions that in such an economy a higher rate of time preference induces higher initial consumption and vice versa, and that "optimal" consumption is initially rising and then falling. Here we show that these assumptions do hold true under certain circumstances, thereby also proving some of Dasgupta and Heal's other conjectures about sustainability.     

金融领域风险系统的混沌动力学行为研究

文章建立了一类分数阶金融风险系统,并利用混沌与分岔理论研究了该系统的混沌动力学行为.从风险强度参数和微分阶数的分岔图与相图可知,此类含分数阶的金融风险系统会出现非常复杂的动力学行为,为此对系统的稳定性进行了讨论.又进一步研究了如何利用混沌与分岔理论研究在不同的参数配比下的相关问题,可知,当风险强度确定时,控制强度的选择对混沌运动至关重要,选择低控制强度对整个系统的混沌运动没有作用,而较高的控制强度有利于整个金融风险系统的稳定运行,因此,为保证系统处于平稳的周期运动状态,必须选择合理的控制强度.     

The Rise of the Maquiladoras: A Mixed Blessing

Mexico experienced a tremendous expansion of its export‐processing maquila sector during the 1990s. Since one of the main objectives of the maquiladora program was to promote formal employment, we study how the rapid increase in maquiladora activity has affected labor market outcomes and welfare in Mexico. We develop a heterogeneous‐firm model with imperfect labor markets that captures salient features of the Mexican economy such as the differences between maquila and non‐maquila manufacturing plants and the existence of an informal sector. We calibrate the model's parameters to match key cross‐sectional moments characterizing the Mexican economy. We find that the expansion of the maquila sector during the 1990s was a mixed blessing for Mexico. Our quantitative model indicates that the skill premium decreased by 2.7%, informality increased by 0.9%, and overall welfare decreased by 3.7%.     

浅析社会主义新农村建设中的若干问题

党的十六届五中全会提出了推进社会主义新农村建设的重大历史任务，是新时期三农工作的总目标和总要领。需要从多方面进行考察与分析，探索出一条适合中国国情的社会主义新农村建设的道路，为三农工作打下坚实的基础。同时，构建和谐社会是时代的产物，具有鲜明的时代特征，发展战略应把建设社会主义新农村与构建和谐社会有机结合起来，以体现我国的时代特征和特色。     

Oligopoly in international trade: Rise,fall and resurgence

Large firms played a central role in the “new trade” models that became a major focus of trade economists in the early 1980s. Subsequent literature for the most part kept imperfect competition but jettisoned oligopoly. Instead, as the heterogeneous firms literature burgeoned in the 2000s, monopolistic competition quickly became established as the workhorse model. The use of oligopoly in trade models has been criticized for reasons that we argue are unpersuasive. Renewed incorporation of oligopolistic firms in international trade is warranted. Quantitative investigations of welfare effects of trade policy should again address the impact of such policies on the allocation of profits across countries.