中国与俄罗斯煤炭领域的合作分析

中国和俄罗斯形成"中俄战略协作伙伴关系"至今已有15年,两国之间的关系被认为处在"有史以来最好的阶段"。随着中俄不断扩大双边合作,两国政府高度重视双方的经贸合作关系,尤其是在能源领域。从政府高层到相关企业,都在不断推进和完善中俄能源合作。煤炭领域的合作作为两国能源战略合作的新突破口,而双方合作的可行性应进行探讨。     

Measuring conditional cooperation: a replication study in Russia

We replicate the strategy-method experiment by Fischbacher et al. (Econ. Lett. 71:397–404, 2001) developed to measure attitudes towards cooperation in a one-shot public goods game. We collected data from 160 students at four different universities across urban and rural Russia. Using the classification proposed by Fischbacher et al. (2001) we find that the distribution of types is very similar across the four locations. The share of conditional cooperators in our Russian subject pools is comparable to the one found by Fischbacher et al. in a Swiss subject pool. However, the distribution of the other types differs from the one found in Switzerland.     

Using Malmquist index to select the strategic partners in vertical integration: the case of Taiwan LED supply chain

In recent years, green technology efficiency has been one of the most interesting issues when referring to energy saving. The light-emitting diode (LED) is one of the competitive industries on green technology in Taiwan. The objective of this article is to select the vertical strategic partners of the 22 LED companies through investigating performance of integration. The Malmquist productivity index (MPI) is used to evaluate the average efficiency change from 2011 to 2015. The empirical results show that the productivity change was influenced by both catch-up effects and frontier effects. For upstream companies, the MPI of Tekcore is superior to others because it maintained technical efficiency and technological change. For downstream companies, most of them are performed well in technical efficiency than technological change. This article helps LED manufacturers select the appropriate strategic partners to achieve competitive advantage.     

Wages in a growing Russia

The robust Russian economic recovery after the 1998 financial crisis raised the economic standing of the population, especially for lowly paid workers, most of whom are women. In this paper I use the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey from 1996 through 2002 to ask whether this helped to reduce the gender wage gap. I first focus on those whose wages are paid in full. Next, I ask about the gender composition of wage arrears as the overall extent of wage arrears dropped from 60 to 20 per cent after the 1998 crisis. I show that a temporary widening of the overall gender wage gap in 2000 is due to low‐wage women becoming more likely to receive their wages in full than low‐wage men. Except for this effect, the male–female pay difference in Russia exhibits a stable pattern.     

纵向交易理论与中国煤电的纵向交易效率

纵向交易理论的核心在于纵向专业化经济和纵向一体化经济之间的取舍与平衡。节约组织成本会产生纵向专业化经济,节约交易成本会带来纵向一体化经济。理想情况下,两条边际成本曲线的交点决定纵向交易关系(如煤、电关系)最优形式的决择。本文对煤电纵向交易关系进行了分类,构建了煤电纵向交易关系形式选择的理论分析框架,并结合中国煤电纵向关系实际,分析了中国煤电企业的纵向交易关系效率。     

俄罗斯航天产业的科技人力资源状况及相关政策浅析

为抢占新一轮发展的制高点,俄罗斯政府将航天产业列为优先发展的战略性新兴产业之一,加以重点扶持和发展。通过采用有效培养人才和吸引人才的政策和策略,例如,对人才培养进行长远规划,采用专业导向式的人才培养模式,着力改善人才队伍老龄化现状,提高薪酬待遇和改革分配制度等,俄罗斯航天产业科技人力资源的数量和质量都开始提升,对航天产业的发展发挥了重要的支撑作用,俄罗斯的航天产业逐渐呈现上升的发展趋势。     

企业纵向战略联盟动因:一个行业层面的分析

本文以我国22个行业中407家公司为样本,从行业层面对企业纵向战略联盟组建的动因进行了分析.结果表明,行业的成长性对纵向战略联盟的组建显著正相关,行业资本密度、进入壁垒则对纵向战略联盟的组建显著负相关.实证结果显示,行业盈利水平、成本压力与纵向战略联盟的组建影响不大.     

Uncertain recovery prospects in Russia

By mid-1996, restrictive fiscal and monetary policies have brought lower inflation and exchange rate stability to Russia. The mass privatization was an apparent success although it contributed to an unclear ownership structure and weak corporate governance. The production decline continues and the structure of the Russian economy has been deteriorating. The popular dissatisfaction with the drop in living standards is reflected by a deep split in society, despite Mr. Yeltsin's victory in the presidential elections. As in the recent past, the new government will continue with ‘stop-and-go’ reform policies, probably with a stronger accent on the protection of domestic producers, legal reforms and economic growth. Because of serious structural and institutional distortions, the Russian economy is more likely to stagnate than to grow strongly in the near future.     

Private sector employment in Russia: Scale, composition and performance

In Russia, as across Central and Eastern Europe, privatization and the establishmemt of new private firms have been viewed as key factors in labour market adjustment during the transition period. This paper considers the overall employment developments in the private sector in Russia and the extent to which the private sector employment performance is differentiated from that of other sectors in five Russian regions. The analysis is based on a fresh look at these issues using official statistics published by Goskomstat and drawing on microdata from the March 1996 Russian Labour Force Survey (LFS). A special questionnaire attached to the LFS in the study regions provides supplementary information.
The paper highlights shifts in the sectoral composition of employment, including growth in private sector employment. Compared to other forms of ownership, the analysis confirms a tendency for private sector ownership in the study regions to be associated with stronger employment performance with respect to hours worked and, in some cases, timely payment of wages. Private sector firms appear to have relatively flexible employment patterns, utilizing more fixed-term or part-time employment than other types of firms and experiencing greater labour turnover. Also, private sector employees tend to be somewhat younger and probably more adaptable people. However, there is significant variation across the study regions and substantial exceptions exist with respect to the above-mentioned tendencies. With respect to employment issues, the differentiation between sectors appears to be less pronounced than one might have expected.     

Privatization, insider control and managerial entrenchment in Russia

This paper provides new survey evidence on managerial entrenchment and the role of outsiders in the post-privatization restructuring of Russian enterprises. The major findings are that managers are hostile towards outside ownership, and they effectively collude with other employees to preserve insider control. The paper also provides empirical evidence that the gradual accumulation of shares by managers is not based only on a profit motive, but is also driven by their efforts to preserve insider control. The issues raised have relevance to other transition economies where the privatization process has encouraged insider control, such as Ukraine and Belarus.     

战略性新兴产业的发展与中原经济区建设契合性的思考

在《国务院关于加快培育和发展战略性新兴产业的决定》的战略指导下,河南省出台了《中原经济区建设纲要》,结合河南省资源优势和经济发展现状,对河南省战略性新兴产业发展的优势、劣势进行分析,以河南省传统优势经济为基础,加强科技创新与管理创新,将传统产业的内涵外延做深、做透,加快产业链向高端战略性新兴产业延伸,促进产业结构调整和经济健康有序发展。     

经济全球化：科技产业的战略趋向

本文分析和研究了全球科技产业的战略趋向,提出了中国应采取的对策和建议。     

论西部地区发展特色农产品加工业的战略意义

民以食为天,农产品加工业是我国的支柱产业之一,农产品加工业的发展水平直接关系我国的产业安全和食品安全。基于此,结合中央会议精神和西部地区特色农产品加工业发展的现状,从破解西部地区“三农”问题,推进西部地区工业化、信息化、城镇化和农业现代化“四化”同步发展,加快新一轮西部大开发,促进西部地区城乡统筹发展,促进工业反哺农业等五个方面分析了西部地区特色农产品加工业发展的战略意义。     

不同生命周期阶段的企业专利质量影响因素——基于江苏省战略性新兴产业企业的实证分析

基于企业生命周期理论,构建不同生命阶段下企业专利质量影响因素的理论框架。利用来自江苏省234家战略性新兴产业企业的调查问卷数据,运用因子分析法提炼出专利质量的影响因子,并通过回归分析探索不同生命周期阶段下企业专利质量的影响因子。结果表明:企业专利质量受技术、资金、人事、策略和营销5个主要因子的影响,且5个主要因子在不同生命周期阶段的影响程度不同;技术因子对初创期企业的专利质量具有显著影响,资金因子次之;对成长期企业的专利质量具有影响的因子按影响程度递减排列为策略因子、资金因子和人事因子;营销因子对成熟期企业的专利质量具有显著影响,技术因子和人事因子次之;技术因子对衰退期企业的专利质量具有显著影响,策略因子次之。最后提出对策建议。     

Human Capital, Growth, and Inequality in Russia

Our model captures the fact that Russia has both much human capital and an education system that produces the wrong skills for a market economy. We define a rule for the timing of educational restructuring that is Pareto optimal and that dominates all later times in a Paretian sense while simultaneously reducing inequality. We demonstrate that failure to implement restructuring early in the transition process is likely to produce a very long delay that will significantly reduce Russia's human capital. A retreat from subsidizing public education is likely to be counterproductive. We argue that early educational restructuring should be emphasized in Russia's transition strategy. J. Comp. Econom., December 1999, 27(4), pp. 618–643. Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, N.T., Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, Colorado 88217; and Royal Holloway College, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, United Kingdom.     

New forms of labour contract and labour flexibility in Russia

This paper assesses the claims that employment in the new Russian private sector relies heavily on informal and unregistered labour agreements and that the violation of existing labour law by new private employers is driven by their need for more flexible working arrangements.
The paper shows that these claims are unsupported on every count. The new private sector does not rely heavily on informal or illegal forms of employment and there is no evidence that it uses labour more flexibly, in any of the usual senses of the term, than the traditional sectors of the economy. The conclusion is that there is no economic justification for the systematic violation of the existing labour legislation. It is suggested, therefore, that enforcement of the existing law is a precondition for its effective reform in those areas in which it might be a barrier to restructuring.     

长三角区域食品工业可持续发展面板模型研究

本文采用面板数据(paneldata)模型方法,对江苏、浙江和上海三地食品工业可持续发展的影响因素进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,长三角区域食品工业属于资本密集型产业,该区域各省市食品工业可持续发展的影响因素有显著差异,三地食品工业结构的不同是造成这种差异的主要原因。     

发展新兴战略性产业:制造业与服务业并重

我国发展新兴战略性产业,首先要发展先进制造业,其次要发展现代服务业。我国仍然处在工业化发展过程中,还未完成工业化,特别是还未完成工业现代化;在国际分工中,我国制造业基本上仍然处在中低端;此外,制造业的发展有利于推动中国城市化的进程,这三方面决定了我国仍然必须坚持继续发展制造业。就制造业和服务业二者关系看,一方面,发展制造业,尤其是发展先进制造业,可以促进制造业企业功能服务化,促进制造业服务外包,催速供应链管理的发展,因而能促进现代服务业的发展;另一方面,制造业产品和制造业企业的竞争优势都需要服务业的支撑和增强。     

The healthy development of economies: A strategic framework for competitiveness in the health industry

Applying a strategic decision-making perspective on the economics of business, we suggest that a competitive locality in the health industry is one that, relative to other localities, is effective in: (1) providing the healthcare that enables everyone to participate fully in the democratic development of the locality; (2) providing the healthcare that is democratically identified as a direct objective of this development; (3) contributing through the health industry to any other democratically determined objectives of the locality's development. The paper hypothesizes that strategic decision-making in organizations is an especially significant determinant of the impacts of the health industry. We conclude that: (i) a locality that suffers concentration in the power to determine the objectives of its health industry could not be strictly competitive in that industry; (ii) the first best way to achieve competitiveness in the health industry would be to democratize its strategic decision-making. What this would entail in practice is discussed in some detail.