一种低复杂度的多元LDPC译码算法

针对多元低密度奇偶校验（LDPC）码译码复杂度高、时延大等问题，提出了一种基于硬信息的低复杂度多元LDPC译码算法。来自信道的接收信号在初始化时，先进行非均匀量化预处理。在迭代过程中，校验节点端只需传输单个比特的二进制硬可靠度信息至变量节点。在变量节点端，可靠度信息按比特位进行简单的累加和更新，无需任何的系数修正操作。同时，变量节点使用了全信息的方式将信息传输至与其相邻的校验节点。仿真结果显示，与基于比特可靠度（BRB）的多元LDPC译码算法相比，提出的算法在较低量化比特情况下，能获得约0.3 dB的译码性能增益，且译码复杂度更低。     

LDPC码的一种高效加权比特翻转译码算法

针对低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码中加权比特翻转(WBF)译码算法在迭代过程中绝大多数情况都是进行单比特翻转，导致译码效率低并且可能会发生比特翻转“死循环”的现象，提出一种更为高效的加权比特翻转(EWBF)算法。该算法对翻转阈值进行了改进，使得每次迭代能够翻转多个比特，提高译码效率，并且能够避免译码过程出现的翻转“死循环”现象。仿真结果表明，所提译码算法与WBF算法、改进的WBF（MWBF）算法和IMWBF（Improved MWBF）算法相比，平均迭代次数分别降低51.6%~56.2%、49.6%~54.2%和48.1%~51.3%；而在译码性能方面，算法性能接近甚至优于IMWBF算法，当最大迭代次数设定为30次时，相比于IMWBF算法，在误码率为10－4时可获得0.92 dB 的增益。     

LDPC码的改进迭代比特翻转译码算法

为提高低密度奇偶校验（LDPC）码的低复杂度硬判决译码算法的性能，提出了一种改 进的比特翻转（BF）译码算法，在迭代时利用一个交替的门限模式对多个比特进行翻转，降 低了每次迭代时比特被错误翻转的概率，从而有效提高了译码性能。仿真结果表明，与BF算 法相比，该算法在保持低复杂度的基础上获得了更好的译码性能和更快的收敛速度。     

基于EM的低复杂度迭代载波同步算法

编码辅助载波同步算法充分利用译码软信息,可获得较理想的同步性能,但是目前 这类算法存在复杂度高、处理时间长的问题。首先在推导迭代载波同步中后验均值与译码软 信息关系的基础之上,通过选择性地进行译码判决反馈来减少不必要的计算点数,再根据前 两次的迭代结果自适应地减小频率搜索区间长度,从而大幅降低同步参数估计的运算量。仿 真结果表明,该算法能够有效工作在低信噪比环境下,可获得接近理想同步条件下的译码性 能。     

一种低迭代次数的极化码置信传播译码算法

针对置信传播（Belief Propagation,BP）译码算法在迭代次数较多时吞吐量和译码时延性能提升受限的问题,提出了一种低迭代次数的极化码BP译码算法,通过采用比特翻转和子信道冻结的方式,降低译码过程中的迭代次数。仿真结果表明,相对于传统极化码BP译码算法（设置最大迭代次数为40次）,所提算法在信噪比为3 dB时可将平均迭代次数减少约53%,处理单元平均计算次数减少约68%。该算法所带来的低时延和低功耗效益可运用在对功耗要求较高的大规模机器类型通信,以及对时延要求较高的超可靠低延迟通信等5G场景下的极化码译码中。     

基于RADIX-4的Turbo码全并行译码算法

针对Turbo码全并行译码算法译码迭代次数多、硬件消耗大的问题，提出了一种基于RADIX-4的改进译码算法。将译码算法中状态转移图的相邻两步状态合并为一步计算，译码时以“比特对”的形式操作进行迭代。在保留译码最大并行度同时，译码计算单元使用量减少一半，显著降低了Turbo码全并行译码算法的运算复杂度和存储开销。仿真结果表明，在相同迭代次数条件下，该方法的译码性能较全并行译码算法平均提高约0.5 dB。     

一种适用于概率LDPC译码器的双路更新边缘存储器

针对采用传统边缘存储器结构的概率低密度奇偶校验（Low Density Parity Check，LDPC）译码器中仍存在锁存问题的现象，借鉴全并行Turbo译码器中的多路更新策略，提出了一种增强的变量节点和校验节点双路更新边缘存储器结构。利用双路更新结构引入的增强随机选择特性，可以显著降低概率迭代译码过程中的锁存现象。仿真分析表明，相比于单路更新结构，采用双路更新边缘存储器结构的概率LDPC译码器能够在误比特率接近10-4量级处获得0.4 dB左右的译码性能增益，同时也能够显著降低迭代译码周期数量，提升译码速率。     

OFDM系统的对数似然比最大化盲频偏估计算法

为了消除短波OFDM通信中的频率偏移问题,对差分OFDM信号进行了分析,并对最大 后验概率（MAP）译码的性质进行了研究,提出了一种似然比最大化的迭代盲频偏估计 算法。由于该算法充分利用了软译码得到的似然比信息,因此可以实现最优信号检测。计算 机仿真证明了该算法的有效性。进行了短波OFDM信号通信实验,得到了实测数据。实测数据 检测结果表明,该算法的误码率性能随着迭代次数的增加而提高,且一发两收系统性能要比 单发单收系统性能至少提高2 dB。     

短快拍条件下均匀矩形阵中的二维DOA估计

二维波达方向（Direction of Arrival,DOA）估计能获取比一维DOA估计更多的空间位置信息，但是二维多重信号分类(Multiple Signal Classification，MUSIC)、二维子空间旋转不变估计技术(Estimation Signal Parameter via Rotational Invariance Techniques,ESPRIT）等经典算法依赖于大量的快拍数据，当快拍数据不足时估计性能严重下降甚至失效。针对上述问题，将迭代自适应方法拓展到二维DOA估计，提出了一种适用于矩形面阵的二维DOA估计算法，首先利用加权最小二乘法估计出信号幅值，然后利用循环迭代技术对估计结果进行更新。由于每次估计结果均来自上一次迭代，而不依赖于快拍数据，因此该算法在短快拍条件下具有很高的估计精度和分辨率。仿真结果表明，在短快拍条件下，该算法具有优越的估计性能。     

一种适用于大数逻辑可译LDPC码的自适应译码算法

大数逻辑可译低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码是一类具有较大列重的码,针对此类特殊的LDPC码,提出了一种基于整数可靠度的低复杂度自适应译码算法。在译码的过程中,算法对每个校验节点分别引入不同的自适应修正因子对外信息进行修正。仿真表明提出的自适应译码算法的性能与和积译码算法的性能相当,在误码率(BER)约为10－5时两种算法性能之间仅有0.1 dB的差异。所提算法具有复杂度低、可并行操作、全整数的信息传递等优点,十分有利于工程实现。     

美国国际贸易法院判定美国商务部对河北兴茂轮胎有限公司非公路用轮胎“双反”措施不当案评述

美国进口商和中国出口商不满美国商务部对来自中国的某些非公路用轮胎实施反倾销和反补贴税的裁定,向美国国际贸易法院提出起诉。美国国际贸易法院裁定,美国法律没有明确规定反倾销税法是否可适用于非市场经济国家;本案中美国商务部做的"双反"裁定,在方法上不合理。本文在介绍该案的基本案情、归纳法院推理和判决的基础上,对该案涉及的法律问题做了简要评论。     

How do economic,cultural, and global-connectedness distances moderate the effect of customers’ experiences on their intention to revisit non-indigenous restaurants? Evidence from Korean restaurants

In this study, we evaluate how the effect of customers' experiences on revisit intention for non-indigenous restaurants can be moderated by economic distance (ED), cultural distance (CD) and global-connectedness distance (GD) between the country of origin for a given non-indigenous restaurant and the customer’s resident country. Surveys were conducted in seven countries across three continents, and the levels of ED, CD and GD between Korea and the seven countries were used as moderators. The findings suggest that the types of food and staff are two elements that should be emphasized in countries that are relatively close to Korea. Conversely, elements like the atmosphere of the restaurant and word of mouth should be emphasized in countries that have greater distances from Korea. Of the three distances considered in the study, GD had the strongest moderating effect on the relationship between customers’ experiences and their intentions to return to the restaurant. As a whole, the results imply that ED, CD and GD are important points of reference when considering prior experience while selecting a target country based on the strength of the restaurant’s experience management.     

The political market for immigration restrictions: Model and test

This paper addresses the important question of whether public investment spending on economic infrastructure enhances economic growth in Mexico. It estimates a Cobb-Douglas production function that includes public infrastructure capital. Using cointegration analysis, the paper estimates a vector error correction model (VECM) for the 1995?–?99 period. The results suggest that there is a long-term stable relationship among the variables included in the VECM. The evidence also indicates that both public infrastructure spending and private capital formation have a positive and highly significant effect on the rate of output growth. Finally, the impulse response functions (IRF) and the variance decompositions (VDC) of the endogenous variables in the VECM suggest that the response of private capital to public infrastructure is positive while the reverse causation is not affirmed. From a policy standpoint, the findings call into question stabilization policies that disproportionately reduce public infrastructure to meet targeted reductions in the fiscal deficit (JEL, O1, O47, O54).     

PTE,innovation capital and firm value interactions in the biotech medical industry

Unlike previous studies which only focus on the main effect between IC and FV, this research includes PTE with the gap of resource-based view. IC is a key element in creating a competitive advantage, as it has a great influence on FV. A company may put relatively less into IC if it demonstrates higher efficiency. However, previous studies have neglected the fact that relative efficiency and IC affect FV and stock returns directly and indirectly. The research period was from 2006 to 2010 and the main research methods include HRA and DEA. The main research findings include the following. (1) There is a space for improvement in terms of the total technical efficiency. (2) PTE has a significant moderating effect between IC and FV. (3) IC and PTE have a significant influence on FV. (4) Apart from PTE and stock returns, IC and FV show significant differences within the sub-industry.     

基于风险调整收益方法的企业信用风险管理研究

文章根据风险调整收益（RAROC）的原理,借鉴J.P.摩根的信用计量CreditMetrics模型中信用等级转移的思想,构建了应收账款回收期内受信企业信用状况转移矩阵,并据此计算出企业信用VaR值和经济资本CaR值,进而计算RAROC比值,可为企业信用销售决策提供依据。通过将RAROC方法引入企业信用风险管理体系,可以对企业经营活动进行基于风险的绩效考核和业绩评价,以期提高企业信用风险管理水平。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定粉质化妆品中的六价铬

采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）与电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）联用技术,建立了粉质化妆品中六价铬的测定方法。样品经0.05 mol/L氢氧化纳溶液超声振荡提取;HPLC采用Hypersil GOLD C18柱分离,以5%（v/v）甲醇-2 mmol/L四丁基硫酸氢铵水溶液（pH 4.0）作为流动相;ICP-MS测定选用碰撞池技术以消除40Ar12C对52Cr的谱学干扰。方法学研究结果表明,添加水平为0.040-2.000 mg/kg时,回收率为77.5%-107.5%,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于10%。     

Why Consumers in Developing Countries Prefer Foreign Brands: A Study of Japanese Brands in Vietnam

ABSTRACT

Building on social-identity theory, the research develops a model for understanding of the impact of consumer identification with a nation on consumers' brand evaluations. It posits that developing-country consumers' identification with a foreign (developed) nation influences three factors—consumer-based brand equity, consumer-based country image, and consumer-based brand credibility. The research was informed by data from 400 Vietnamese consumers in relation to two Japanese brands Sony and Honda and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings show that Vietnamese (developing-country) consumers prefer Japanese (developed-country) brands over domestic brands, when these consumers identify with the developed nation.     

Is the cure worse than the disease? The effect of emerging market MNEs on host country corruption

In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the amount of foreign investment by emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs). While it has been debated whether EMNEs strengthen or weaken the institutions in host countries they invest in, the literature has paid limited attention to how EMNE investment impacts corruption in other emerging markets, one of the most significant destinations of EMNEs. Following Hoskisson et al. (2013), we categorize two types of emerging markets as targets of EMNE investment, a) low-income emerging markets and b) middle-income emerging markets, based on their institutional and market development. Building on the theory of firm-specific advantages (FSAs) and the institutional advantage (IA) of EMNEs, we reason that EMNEs enter foreign markets in accordance to where their skills and competencies can be effectively utilized, and this impacts corruption in the host country. We make two key arguments: (1) EMNEs predominantly use their IA in low-income emerging markets, which in the long term increases corruption in the host market, and (2) EMNEs predominantly use their FSAs to gain competitive advantage in middle-income emerging markets, which decreases corruption in the host market. Empirical analysis of Chinese outward FDI from the 2008-2018 period supports our hypotheses. Our research contributes to both the literature on EMNEs and corruption.     

认知FrFT域通信系统及其抗干扰性能分析

为了增强无线通信系统的抗干扰能力,设计了一种认知FrFT(分数傅里叶变换)域通信系统（ CFrFTDCS ）,在变换域通信系统中采用分数傅里叶变换,并与认知无线电技术结合,给出了系统的结 构框图和工作原理,分析了系统的抗干扰性能。计算机仿真结果表明,CFrFTDCS具有较强的 抗 干扰能力,针对单音干扰、窄带干扰和Chirp干扰,CFrFTDCS的平均误码率性能比直接序列 扩频（DSSS）通信系统分别改善了约15.70 dB、13.29 dB和13.79 dB,比传统 的变换域通信系统（TDCS）分别改善了约0.18 dB、0.23 dB和3.63 dB。     

供应链和虚拟企业:比较及转化

供应链管理和虚拟企业是已经在世界范围所采用的概念。这些概念包括一系列管理、组织和技术问题,公司为了提高竞争能力,开拓市场机遇,建立合作联盟。供应链管理是一种集成的管理思想,从战略上整体地整合供应商和顾客。虚拟企业是一种动态的临时组织形式,不同的企业为了开拓商业机遇而通过合作弥补自身竞争力的不足。虽然他们有各自的特点,但是也有共同点。