应用室内结构布局提高Wi-Fi定位精度和稳定性

随着我国经济的发展,我国的无线通信技术呈现出较为蓬勃的发展趋势.当前,人们对自身的位置信息的定位精度和稳定性的要求逐渐提升.社会的进步使得室内的面积逐渐增大,许多大型场所的出现使得这个问题更加突出.可以说,人们在日常生活中,在处理各种事务的时候,大部分时间都是在室内进行,使得位置信息定位出现了一定程度的偏差.针对这种情况,利用室内的布局对Wi-Fi的精确程度以及稳定性进行改进,具有重要的现实意义.本文分析了针对Wi-Fi室内定位精度和稳定进行改进的原因,解读了基于Wi-Fi的室内定位方法,最后提出了应用室内结构布局针对Wi-Fi的精度以及稳定性进行改进的方法.     

平台侧位置指纹定位系统中接收端问题的优化

当前室内位置指纹定位系统主要用于对移动端的定位。借鉴其定位机理，研究了对无线电发射端的定位,属于平台侧位置指纹定位系统。从部署接收端的位置以减小定位误差的角度出发，提出了增大参考点之间欧式距离确定接收端位置的方案。同时，提出利用覆盖率的概念确定定位区间的接收端个数以满足区间定位的需求。建立了接收端位置及个数优化问题的数学模型，并用遗传算法和全覆盖原则对优化问题进行求解，给出了优化问题的实现流程。针对不同空间，对优化问题进行了仿真，比较了经验布置接收端和优化布置接收端的定位结果误差及接收端是否满足全覆盖的定位结果误差，验证了所提方法的合理性，对定位前部署接收端的个数和位置有一定的指导意义。     

室内无线定位算法研究现状与发展趋势

随着无线定位技术的飞速发展，人们对室内定位需求的上升，室内环境的定位技术成为近年来的研究热点。考虑到室内定位的关键技术包含了许多方面，首先概述了目前室内定位主要的所面临的问题，分析了室内定位误差的主要来源；针对如何减少定位误差，将室内定位理论主要分为信道建模以及定位算法两个部分进行分析介绍；最后总结了现有的研究，指出了未来该领域的研究热点和发展趋势。     

TRM-FMM室内无线定位技术

在室内多径环境下信号视距传播易受障碍物影响,导致现有的一些室内定位技术对室内环境分布的估计较为困难。时间反转镜(TRM)室内无线定位技术可以有效地减少室内多径效应对信号的影响以及复杂环境造成的延时。但是,若没有信号传输信道的信息,常规TRM技术的定位精度就会大打折扣。针对该问题,给出了一种基于快速行进算法(FMM)的TRM室内无线定位方法。该方法首先利用FMM和同时代数重建算法(SART)迭代更新计算室内环境分布,然后使用估计结果进行TRM定位。仿真结果显示,对于小型规模的目标物体定位误差约为1.84 cm,在未知室内信道信息的仿真环境下,该方法比常规TRM技术的定位精度提高约32.90倍。     

相关性匹配蓝牙信标位置指纹库的室内定位

针对K近邻算法(KNN)在对偏向于某个样本点的未知点进行三角质心定位时定位精度变差的情况,提出了应用相关系数去匹配蓝牙信标iBeacon位置指纹库的室内定位算法。通过比较待定位点和位置指纹库中参考样点的相似程度，并进行数据差异显著性检验，来检验采集的待定位点数据与指纹库数据是否显著相关，然后取相关性较高的样本点进行加权平均匹配定位。实验结果显示，相关系数匹配位置指纹库算法可将2 m以内的定位精度从65%提高到92%，相较于传统的KNN匹配定位算法有着定位精度高、计算量小、定位时间短等优势。     

NLOS环境下移动台位置与速率估计

NLOS (Non-line of Sight)误差是定位中的主要误差来源,直接影响了定位的精度 。在MIMO（Multiple Input Multiple Output）系统中,基于NLOS信道模型的定位方法成为 解决NLOS定位误差问题的利器。基于此提出一种新颖的几何方法,仅采用两条NLOS路径就可 计算MS(Mobile Station)的位置,并且只需要利用单个基站便可完成MS的定位,克服了基站 数目过少无法准确定位MS的缺陷。在此基础上,还给出了最小二乘与最大似然算法利用多条 NLOS路径来改善定位精度的方法,并利用它对NLOS环境下运动的MS进行定位跟踪。理论分析 和仿真结 果都证明该定位方法在NLOS环境中对MS定位的有效性与精确度。     

与强度无关的位置指纹在线定位改进算法

将现有的研究较热的固定发射端、定位接收端的室内位置指纹定位系统应用到固定接收端、定位发射端的室内无线电干扰源定位中,研究了一种考虑干扰源发射强度的在线定位算法,以克服直接使用以一固定发射强度信号源建立的指纹数据库和现有的在线定位方法无法实现对不同发射强度干扰源定位问题。在分析信号传播模型和现有在线定位方法的基础上,利用强度差的均方差进行定位计算。给出了算法实现依据和流程,对改进的算法进行了仿真和实验验证,结果证明了改进算法的实用性。同时,改进算法的思想对现有的考虑接收端异质的位置指纹定位系统也有一定的指导意义。     

基于改进指纹聚类的WLAN定位优化方法

将K-means聚类算法应用到无线局域网（WLAN）位置指纹定位中，虽然可以缩短定位时间，但是容易降低定位精度。为了解决此问题，提出了基于改进指纹聚类的WLAN定位优化方法。首先根据接收信号强度标准差来优化初始聚类中心的选取,然后对指纹数据进行聚类处理,最后进行在线定位。实验结果表明，与传统的WLAN位置指纹定位方法和K-means聚类定位方法相比，基于改进指纹聚类的定位优化方法不仅缩短了定位时间，还能有效提高定位精度。     

利用时变噪声贝叶斯卡尔曼滤波的室内移动目标定位

基于射频识别的指纹滤波定位技术是当前室内定位中常使用的技术之一。针对该技术存在的卡尔曼滤波算法不能准确适应环境噪声变化,致使定位精度不高的问题,提出了一种适应时变噪声的贝叶斯卡尔曼滤波算法。所提算法结合Sage-Husa滤波模型和贝叶斯模型,实现了过程和测量协方差矩阵的最优化,有效地降低了噪声,提高了指纹滤波定位的精度。实验结果表明,与变分贝叶斯卡尔曼滤波和Sage-Husa滤波相比,无障碍情况下,基于改进算法的定位精度提高了6%以上;有障碍干扰下,则提高了14.6%以上。     

融合反距离加权和矩阵填充的位置指纹库构建

为解决位置指纹定位在离线阶段构建位置指纹库时耗费的人力和时间成本较大,构建指纹库效率低和利用空间插值法构建的指纹库精度不高的问题,提出了一种融合反距离加权和矩阵填充的位置指纹库构建算法。该算法仅需人工采集定位区域内少量参考点的接收信号强度值用作信标点指纹信息,结合反距离加权算法特性计算出次信标点指纹信息,根据位置指纹库数据矩阵的低秩性,应用奇异值阈值矩阵填充算法构建出位置指纹数据库。仿真实验结果表明,所提算法有效降低了矩阵填充算法构建位置指纹库所需的人工和时间成本,构建出的位置指纹库定位性能优于反距离加权和克里金空间插值法,接近传统人工采集法,显著地提高了位置指纹库的构建效率。     

PTE,innovation capital and firm value interactions in the biotech medical industry

Unlike previous studies which only focus on the main effect between IC and FV, this research includes PTE with the gap of resource-based view. IC is a key element in creating a competitive advantage, as it has a great influence on FV. A company may put relatively less into IC if it demonstrates higher efficiency. However, previous studies have neglected the fact that relative efficiency and IC affect FV and stock returns directly and indirectly. The research period was from 2006 to 2010 and the main research methods include HRA and DEA. The main research findings include the following. (1) There is a space for improvement in terms of the total technical efficiency. (2) PTE has a significant moderating effect between IC and FV. (3) IC and PTE have a significant influence on FV. (4) Apart from PTE and stock returns, IC and FV show significant differences within the sub-industry.     

The political market for immigration restrictions: Model and test

This paper addresses the important question of whether public investment spending on economic infrastructure enhances economic growth in Mexico. It estimates a Cobb-Douglas production function that includes public infrastructure capital. Using cointegration analysis, the paper estimates a vector error correction model (VECM) for the 1995?–?99 period. The results suggest that there is a long-term stable relationship among the variables included in the VECM. The evidence also indicates that both public infrastructure spending and private capital formation have a positive and highly significant effect on the rate of output growth. Finally, the impulse response functions (IRF) and the variance decompositions (VDC) of the endogenous variables in the VECM suggest that the response of private capital to public infrastructure is positive while the reverse causation is not affirmed. From a policy standpoint, the findings call into question stabilization policies that disproportionately reduce public infrastructure to meet targeted reductions in the fiscal deficit (JEL, O1, O47, O54).     

通用数据链组网有效性评估的建模

根据现阶段综合信息网络的发展需求,考虑到通用数据链组网的 抗干扰能力强和保密性能高等特征,结合NFE即神经网络（NN）、模糊推理（FR）、专家系 统（ES）模型和 层次分析法(AHP),提出了通用数据链组网有效性研究的N FE-AHP模型,并仿真验证了NFE-AHP模型对于通用数据链组网有效性评估的适用性,结果表 明抗干扰度、鲁棒性、兼容 能力对通用数据链组网有效性评估尤为重要,对于通用数据链组网有效性评估的工程实践具 有一定的指导意义。     

Four decades of negative word-of-mouth and negative electronic word-of-mouth: A morphological analysis

Customers voice their negative brand experiences to their family and friends in the form of negative word-of-mouth (NWOM). Web 2.0 enables the sharing of NWOM in electronic format on various social media sites, online customer review forums, and blogs, which is known as negative electronic word-of-mouth (NeWOM). Researchers need to study the spread of NWOM/NeWOM to prevent adverse consequences for companies and suggest an optimal response for its redressal. Existing literature review studies have focused on word-of-mouth (WOM) and electronic WOM (eWOM) and have considered both positive and negative WOM and eWOM concurrently. Past literature reviews have captured the breadth of the WOM domain, ignoring the depth. This research article contains a review of 282 journal papers capturing the depth of the extant literature by focusing solely on ‘negative’ WOM and eWOM (NWOM and NeWOM), and presents a broad view of the NWOM and NeWOM domains using morphological analysis (MA). This will help to conceptualize and categorize the existing state-of-the-art literature into broad dimensions and identify future research opportunities. The MA framework helps to bifurcate this literature into the following four dimensions: (i) nomenclature of NWOM and NeWOM, (ii) antecedents of NWOM/NeWOM, (iii) impacts of NWOM/NeWOM, and (iv) prevention and recovery response to NeWOM. Further dissection of these four dimensions leads to 15 sub-dimensions and 217 variants. Combinations of the 217 variants enable the identification of 550 novel future research opportunities in the area of NWOM and NeWOM.     

Multinational Enterprises’ Entry Mode Strategies in Syria and Jordan: The Impact of Ownership Advantages

This study addresses the issue of ownership advantages affecting multinational enterprises’ (MNEs) entry mode strategies in developing countries. Although a few studies have focused on such effects, very little attention has been devoted to the ownership advantages generated from the institutional environment of MNEs’ home countries. To bridge this gap, this study concentrates on three types of ownership advantages: intangible asset advantages (IAA), advantages of common governance (ACG), and home‐country‐specific advantages (HCSA). Using a sample of 303 foreign affiliates, this study empirically examines the choice of MNEs between a wholly owned subsidiary (WOS) and a joint venture (JV). The data were collected from senior executives of MNEs’ subsidiaries operating in Syria and Jordan. The findings of this study reveal that MNEs’ choice of entry mode strategies is significantly influenced by intangible asset advantages, advantages of common governance, and home‐country‐specific advantages. Hence, senior executives perceiving an increased importance of these assets will opt for a WOS rather than a JV when entering a new market in the Middle East. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

美国国际贸易法院判定美国商务部对河北兴茂轮胎有限公司非公路用轮胎“双反”措施不当案评述

美国进口商和中国出口商不满美国商务部对来自中国的某些非公路用轮胎实施反倾销和反补贴税的裁定,向美国国际贸易法院提出起诉。美国国际贸易法院裁定,美国法律没有明确规定反倾销税法是否可适用于非市场经济国家;本案中美国商务部做的"双反"裁定,在方法上不合理。本文在介绍该案的基本案情、归纳法院推理和判决的基础上,对该案涉及的法律问题做了简要评论。     

Is environmental labeling certification a “green passport” for firm exports in emerging economies? Evidence from China

As the demand for more environmentally friendly products continues to increase, environmental label certification (ELC), as a voluntary environmental practice (VEP), has become a commonly used strategy by firms responding the green demands of the international market. While ELC is playing an increasingly important role in global trade, how ELC affects firms’ exports, especially how it affects the exports of those firms in emerging economies, remains unknown. This study explores the impact of ELC on firms’ exports. Insights are provided from resource-based views (RBV) by analysing China's A-share listed manufacturing firms to estimate the impact of China's ELC on exports. Our empirical results show that ELC can promote firms’ exports, because ELC emphasizes firms to reduce pollutant from the source, thereby, brings about cost advantage and green product differentiated advantage to boost high-quality exports. Using a series of robustness tests, we provide corroborating evidence for our hypotheses. The export-enhancing effect of ELC is impacted by the institutional context of emerging economies, as specialized market intermediaries and greater openness to the global market strengthen the export-enhancing effect of ELC. This research not only contributes to the literature, but also provides a reference for policy-makers and managers in using ELC to develop green trade.     

How do economic,cultural, and global-connectedness distances moderate the effect of customers’ experiences on their intention to revisit non-indigenous restaurants? Evidence from Korean restaurants

In this study, we evaluate how the effect of customers' experiences on revisit intention for non-indigenous restaurants can be moderated by economic distance (ED), cultural distance (CD) and global-connectedness distance (GD) between the country of origin for a given non-indigenous restaurant and the customer’s resident country. Surveys were conducted in seven countries across three continents, and the levels of ED, CD and GD between Korea and the seven countries were used as moderators. The findings suggest that the types of food and staff are two elements that should be emphasized in countries that are relatively close to Korea. Conversely, elements like the atmosphere of the restaurant and word of mouth should be emphasized in countries that have greater distances from Korea. Of the three distances considered in the study, GD had the strongest moderating effect on the relationship between customers’ experiences and their intentions to return to the restaurant. As a whole, the results imply that ED, CD and GD are important points of reference when considering prior experience while selecting a target country based on the strength of the restaurant’s experience management.     

Extreme internal–external industrial-service flexibilities and interfirm cooperative networks in high-technology machine manufacturing

Most interfirm studies focus only on the strategies of strategic partnerships, such as joint ventures, technology transferring agreements, licensing agreements; the study here provides interfirm-network knowledge protocols for designing interfirm-service processes in the high-technology machinery industry (HTMI) by small-and-medium enterprise (SME) networks from the perspectives of extremely-rapid industrial-service flexibility (X-ISF). Based on the decision system analysis (DSA) method, this study constructs an X-ISF research model consisting of major variables of extremely-rapid internal ISF (X-I ISF), extremely-rapid external ISF (X-E ISF), and cooperative networks. This study applies a mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) research design to understand interfirm-network decision-making and the influence of the antecedent conditions of internal and external X-ISF and cooperative upstream-to-downstream networks on firms' X-ISF performance. The study finds that the mutual relationships between X-I ISF and X-E ISF are substantially unbalanced — the impact on firm X-ISF performance by the external-to-internal (X-in) ISF is substantially greater than the impact from the internal-to-external (X-out) ISF. Recognize the need to lead with external-to-internal X-ISF to sustain the adoption-implementation of superior high-technology is the principal take-away strategy implication.