文化与经济增长的关系浅析

经济增长是现代经济学研究的焦点.现有的文献大多数研究的是那些对经济增长和经济增长过程有直接影响的要素或变量. Ramsey, Solow, Romer的新古典增长模型,强调技术创新,物质资本和人力资本等私人投资的增加以及人口增长率等核心变量对经济增长的推动;Barro, Alesina and Perotti, Krishna et al研究政府政策和社会制度,强调公共支出,政治制度和国际贸易开放度等变量通过影响经济环境来影响经济增长.上世纪60年代以后"亚洲奇迹"的出现,促使经济学家们把研究的视角转向了文化禀赋,研究不同的文化传统对经济增长的作用.中国是一个有着深厚的文化积淀的国家,处于封闭状态时,其文化积淀和各种正式制度形成了一个自恰的整体.二十多年来,伴随着计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转轨,大量的正式制度被移植,在外来制度的冲击下,原有的自恰状态被打破.那么,中国传统文化和大量移植来的正式制度之间的不相容状态是否会影响中国的经济增长?     

论经济权力与政治权力的互动关系

该文从经济政治学的视角来考察经济权力与政治权力的互动关系。以两者互动的基础为切入点,归纳了政策、暴力、操纵、制度和交易等六种互动方式。认为在转型国家最突出的互动关系问题是权力寻租现象,解决互动关系中的问题应在法制互动、阳光互动和有限互动等三方面努力。     

金融发展与经济增长的多重均衡关系因果模式的再思考

既有研究和特征事实表明,处于不同发展阶段的国家其经济增长与金融发展的互动关系存在多重均衡的可能,这种多重均衡关系又以"需求跟进"和"供给拉动"两种因果模式最为典型.然而,很难对不同国家或者存在性及其转化的亲件,并利用40个国家的面板数据验证了这一结论.文章发现,在不同国家和不同的经济发展阶段,的确存在着不同的均衡形态和因果关系模式;同时,对我国的实证分析表明,自上个世杨50年代以来,中国经济增长和金融发展的关系模式以1978年和1994年为分界岭呈现三个阶段性特征,二者之间的因果关系经历了由平稳到动荡、再由动荡到平稳的历史演变过程.     

Economic Growth and Political Regimes

The absence of continuous regime type measures that focus on institutions rather than outcomes besets studies on whether democratic or authoritarian regimes grow faster. Additional shortcomings include the failure to consider development stages and the erroneous endogenous specification of regimes. Given panel data on 105 countries from 1960 to 1989, the effective party/constitutional framework measure does not correlate with growth or investment in the total sample. But considering development levels, some evidence indicates that discretion decreases growth in advanced areas, and, contrary to theory, inhibits investment in poorer countries. Also, single-party dictatorships have higher investment ratios but do not grow faster than party-less regimes.     

非正规就业与非正规经济关系浅析

非正规就业在应对我国日益严重的就业问题中成为吸纳城镇劳动力就业的重要渠道,但也因在劳动关系、社会保障、收入报酬等方面不固定、不规范、不正规现象与问题,使人们将其直接与非正规经济、非法经济等同。从对非正规就业的理性理解和认识、非正规经济与非法经济、地下经济的内涵差异入手,认为非正规就业可以从广义上等同于非正规经济,但不能简单地认定其为非法经济,应当在实践中正确细分非正规就业的违法违规等"不正规"行为,以利于科学管理、规范引导我国非正规就业健康发展。     

政治体制与产权制度匹配关系的经济学分析

在给定的政治体制内,当权者追求利益最大化,需要在产权制度中适当地设置可信承诺机制,以保证社会中有相当规模的生产投资.可信承诺机制的设置和存在决定着政治体制与产权制度之间具有一定的匹配关系.权力平衡的政治结构与普遍的平等保护的产权制度之间,权力失衡的政治制度与局部的不平等的产权制度之间相互匹配、相互依赖、相互支持.     

区域经济发展环境与经济发展关系的实证研究

从区域发展角度看,一个区域的经济发展越来越依赖于当地的经济发展环境。以中国山东省为例,利用Pearson相关分析、灰色关联度分析对区域经济发展环境与经济发展之间的关系进行了实证研究。得出结论如下：区域经济发展环境与经济发展具有显著的相关性;区域经济发展环境各要素在促进区域经济发展上存在差异;区域经济发展的快慢与要素流动性的强弱及要素流动成本的大小有关。     

Economic Growth and Medicare Funding Systems

This article compares the long-run effects of changes in health conditions, population growth, price of medical care, and Medicare indemnity rate on capital formation and medical expenditures under fully funded and pay-as-you-go Medicare. Surprisingly, it is found that population growth, rising medical prices, and increasingly adverse health conditions may or may not raise medical expenditures in the long run. Moreover, the directions of some of these effects under the pay-as-you-go Medicare system are reversed under the fully funded system. Finally, it is shown that fully funded Medicare results in higher steady-state capital than pay-as-you-go Medicare; however, the welfare effect of the former may or may not be higher than that of the latter in general. (JEL H550 , E620 )     

Political Competition Between Countries and Economic Growth

Political competition between European countries has been viewed as being a stimulus to the innovation process and part of the reason why Europe was the first region of the world to experience sustained growth. Countries that fell behind their rivals technologically and economically became more vulnerable to exploitation. In this way, the presence of rival states provided added incentive to innovate. This paper uses a simple model of conflict between countries to study the role of political competition in economic growth. The governments of each country are threatened politically by innovation and, hence, face a trade‐off between the stability of their regime and keeping up with their rivals. The model shows that “institutional spillovers,” such as a decrease in the level of rent‐seeking in one country, can affect growth in a competing country. Thus, political fragmentation can be growth enhancing as it can result in more political competition.     

新政治经济学视野中的经济改革与转轨 --阿伦·德雷泽"改革和转轨的政治经济学"述评

基于新政治经济学"政治决策的本质影响政策选择从而最终影响经济结果"的基本观点,阿伦·德雷泽对社会主义国家经济改革和转轨进行了系统的分析,阐明了改革和转轨的共性和差异,论证了改革和转轨的经济与政治约束,尤其是政治约束对改革和转轨战略选择的影响,并讨论了改革与转轨的关键组成部分--重组与劳动的重新配置、私有化和价格自由化背后的政治问题,从而建立了"改革和转轨的政治经济学"理论.这一理论的基本观点对于我们更好地理解和认识经济改革和转轨具有参考价值和借鉴意义.它提示我们必须重视约束改革和转轨的政治因素,在改革和转轨战略的路径选择上,应当考虑政治因素对经济结果的影响.     

经济法律关系略论

经济法律关系是经济法十分重要的基础理论之一,但是,经济法学界对此探讨并不多.对经济法概念的界定只能使我们抽象、模糊地认识经济法,更进一步探讨经济法律关系则使我们更具体地把握经济法的内涵和外延,从而有助于认识经济法与民法和行政法的区别.     

经济增长、经济政策与公司业绩关系的实证研究

本文以1995年至2004年上市公司为样本,考察了经济增长、经济政策与公司业绩之间的关系。通过构筑IS-LM模型,本文测算了我国的各项财政政策与货币政策乘数,以量化我国宏观经济政策的变化,并在此基础上,研究了经济增长、经济政策对公司会计业绩和股票报酬的影响,发现经济政策显著影响公司会计业绩与股票报酬,但不同的经济政策对会计业绩和股票报酬的影响不尽相同;另外,我们还发现,在控制了经济政策因素后,经济增长并没有和公司业绩相背离。本文的发现为诠释我国股市是否是宏观经济的"晴雨表"提供了一个新的研究视角。     

增长的政治经济逻辑：政府分权与激励的视角

政府分权是实现我国增长的重要制度安排。本文以中央与地方政府、地方政府与微观主体分权为逻辑起点,以制度-结构-行为-绩效为分析框架,从激励与约束的视角研究地方政府行为。研究认为,在分权激励下,地方会展开“中国式的政府竞争”,并过多的保护资本,而忽视劳动力、土地、环境等要素的产权。非均衡的产权制度在经济发展前期能够实现公众与地方政府的共容利益。随外在约束条件的不断变化,在原有的激励模式下,“包容性增长”被“排斥性增长”所替代。在缺乏公众的约束下,地方政府带来激励偏差会加大。因此,作对地方政府的激励是转变经济发展方式的关键。     

A Feminist Comparative Economic Systems

Abstract

This study proposes that feminist research be integrated into the field of comparative economic systems (CES) and that CES return to its traditional institutionalist methodologies to facilitate more complete analyses of economic systems and feminist alternatives to these systems and institutions. The study describes the evolution of CES, drawing attention to an increasing reliance on econometric modeling that reflects a shift in focus away from systems. An inventory of research on women and gender that has appeared in CES journals and textbooks finds little on topics other than formal labor markets in transition economies. The study contrasts this literature on women and gender in transition economies to research on this topic by women from transition economies, a literature that CES journal authors do not reference. It concludes by proposing a feminist economics approach that focuses on gender-differentiated impacts of economic systems, analyses of households, and equity as a measure of progress.     

税收增长与经济增长相关性的实证研究

近年来,我国税收出现了两位数的增长,这种超常增长使人们开始关注税收是否能超速于经济增长,以及税收超速增长是否会影响到经济的增长等问题。文章从实证出发,先从税收和经济总量上对这一问题进行了解答,进而对影响税收增长和经济增长的各自因素进行回归分析、做结构分解、进行系统的分析,以克服总量分析的不足,从而得出量化的、更有力的分析结论。     

Oil Discovery,Political Institutions and Economic Diversification

Diversification is touted as a desirable policy objective for oil‐rich nations because it reduces exposure to volatility. However, the empirical relationship between petroleum and diversification is not well understood. Here, we test the effect of giant oil discoveries on diversification using a panel dataset of 136 countries observed over the period from 1962 to 2012. We notice non‐oil sector export concentration 8 years after a discovery. However, we do not observe any effect on the structure of employment in non‐resource and manufacturing sectors. Democratic political institutions moderate the export and employment concentration effects of petroleum discovery.