我国电信产业中的垄断经营和政府管制分析

许多经济学家认为,产业壁垒形成的主要原因是规模经济,沉没成本,差别化经营等。对中国电信产业分析得出的基本结论是：中国电信的主要产业壁垒不是来自市场,而是来自不合理的政府管制,政府管制使得电信价格在电信成本不断下降的情况下仍然保持刚性。分析中国电信垄断经营和政府管制的市场绩效,探讨了不合理管制背后的原因,提出一些促进电信改革,矫正政府管制行为的实现建议。     

论竞争、垄断与规制的动态均衡

通过对以往竞争、垄断和规制理论的系统梳理与批判,提出了竞争与垄断之间存在着内在转化趋势的假说,详细阐释了二者相互转化机制,并把规制作为二者转化过程中的外生因素来处理,界定了规制有效的条件,主要结论如下:其一,竞争与垄断客观上存在着互相转化的趋势,市场结构总是处于二者的中间状态;其二,规制对竞争与垄断间的相互转化起着调节或制约作用;其三,在竞争-垄断-规制动态均衡中,竞争的激励作用和潜在进入者打破垄断的强烈动机会促进技术进步和生产效率的提高,从而使得市场经济效率在长期中螺旋式上升。     

垄断竞争中广告行为的经济学阐释

垄断竞争是现实生活中广泛存在的一种市场结构,而广告则是企业实施差异化策略和获取市场势力的重要手段,被广泛地运用于企业的运营实践中。然而,营销学并没有解释广告对企业的影响力度。为此。从经济学的角度对垄断竞争中的广告行为给予解释,分别探讨了最优广告费用的求解、广告对企业的长期影响、信息不对称下的广告策略,以及广告的福利效果,以期对垄断竞争中的广告行为提供一定的理论支持。     

对我国行政性垄断现象的认识

行政性垄断是凭借政府行政权力形成的垄断。我国在建立社会主义市场经济的过程中,如何更好地规制计划经济体制所特有的垄断行为尤其是行政垄断,以更好地适应市场经济发展的要求,已经成为当前经济领域中一个重要的问题。结合当前我国正在进行的反垄断立法工作,本文试对行政垄断的现状、危害及对策等问题阐述了一些粗浅看法。     

垄断行业发展与产权制度改革

本文从理论的角度探讨了竞争、垄断、管制、产权制度与效率的关系，提出垄断的存在会降低社会经济运行效率，而竞争最终能对这种低效率状况加以矫正，现存的很多政府管制措施如进入管制、价格管制等实际上破坏了竞争的展开，妨碍了效率的提高。要提高效率必须引入竞争。而竞争又必须以有效的产权制度为前提，因此，建立有效的产权制度、维护有效的竞争秩序才是政府管制的核心内容。     

汽车服务业整合发展战略研究

随着汽车保有量的增加,汽车服务业已经成为我国汽车产业主要的利润来源.本文主要依靠汽车消费者行为、汽车服务链和行业利益相关者的研究,结合汽车服务业现状,提出适合汽车服务业发展的战略思路.     

Potential Diversification Benefits In The Presence Of Unknown Structural Breaks: An Australian Case Study

It is reasonable to suggest that a portfolio manager with direct property diversified by sector or region is more interested in strategic than in tactical asset allocation. However, even with strategic allocations of property the portfolio manager needs a regular monitoring of the inter-relationships amongst assets comprising the portfolio to ensure that unexpected events do not 'permanently' alter such relationships. One procedure for ascertaining whether assets are inter-related over the long run (and therefore offer few diversification benefits) is through cointegration analysis. A difficulty with conventional cointegration analysis, however, is that it is unable to accommodate changes in equilibrium relationships that might occur due to unexpected structural changes. In this paper we apply the Gregory and Hansen cointegration procedure to consider how unexpected structural changes might affect the potential long run diversification benefits of assets held in an Australian property portfolio.     

中国中老年人预防保健服务需求及其与住院需求的关系研究

利用中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)数据,采用二元双因变量Probit模型,分析我国45岁以上中老年人预防保健服务需求及其与住院需求的关系。中老年人的预防保健服务有效需求不足;医疗保险、收入状况对预防保健服务利用有显著影响;预防保健服务利用减少了后期住院的可能性。     

新消费时代公共服务供给侧结构性改革的思路与路径

新消费时代,我国居民的消费理念、消费品质、消费形态、消费方式、消费行为都发生了深刻变化,新消费需求对公共服务供给提出新要求。对此,在分析探讨居民可支配收入差异、投资取向、体制机制等制约瓶颈的基础上,提出公共服务供给侧结构性改革的框架,并指出公共服务供给侧结构性改革的具体路径为调整公共服务投资结构,补齐关键领域供给短板,超前配套服务新兴产业,引领社会经济转型发展,拓宽经济公共服务领域,净化城乡居民消费环境,提升公共服务供给品质,助推消费持续扩大和升级,创新公共服务供给模式,精准实施公共服务政策,挖掘不同消费群体潜能。     

The Demand for Information Services and the Market Structure

Uninformed buyers' demand for statistical screening between privately informed sellers is studied in a fixed price market. A single buyer will screen more extensively than would two or more buyers, since in the latter case buyers realize that sellers will be attracted to buyers with the most favorable screening policy (i.e., not to screen at all). This result is robust to some but not all types of modifications in the model. For instance, information quality differences in the sense of Blackwell will reinforce this effect. Furthermore, in equilibrium only the best information service will be used. Received April 17, 2001; revised version received January 24, 2002 Published online: November 11, 2002     

论电力产业自然垄断的不完全与有效竞争的实现

传统的经济学理论认为，电力是公共产品，电力产业是具有自然垄断性经济特征的公共产业和网络性产业，应该高度管制和实行垄断经营。中国受计划经济体制的长期影响，一直实行高度垄断的管制政策。本文分析了电力产业自然垄断的不完全和多业领域的范围经济性，认为电力产业管制体制改革的目标虽通过市场化改革、适度管制和发挥自由竞争的作用，维持动态的“有效竞争”状态。并且提出了实现有效竞争的若干思路和改革建议。     

Rate Design Arbitrage: The Case for Value-Based Peaking Services

Journal of Regulatory Economics -     

The Relative Price of Services

Prices of GDP relative to the exchange rate increase with income per capita, which is known as the Penn‐effect. This is generally attributed to services being cheaper relative to goods in poorer countries. In this paper we re‐examine the Penn‐effect based on a new set of PPPs for industry output. These are estimated in an augmented Geary–Khamis approach using prices for final goods, exports, and imports. The resulting multilateral PPPs cover 35 industries in 42 countries for the year 2005. We find large variation in relative prices of various services industries. In particular the Penn‐effect appears to be mostly due to the rapidly rising output prices of non‐market services. This seems related mainly to the high labor intensity of that sector.     

The Franchising of Passenger Rail Services in Britain

Following the 1993 Railways Act, British Rail's passenger business was spilt into 25 train operating units, which have been privatised by a process of franchising. This paper will review the franchising experience to date. First, the results of 38 in-depth interviews with potential bidders for the passenger businesses will be described. Secondly, a hypothetical bidding game, based on a series of Stated Preference experiments undertaken by our sample of potential bidders, will be described. A model has been established which determines managers' preferences with respect to contract size and length, exclusivity, and the degree of regulatory control. Given assumptions concerning the degree of competition for rail franchises and bidding behaviour, some predictions are made about the likely magnitude of winning bids and these predictions are validated against actual bids.     

The IMF'S Role in Structural Adjustment

In the 1980s conditional lending for structural adjustment in developing countries moved the IMF beyond its role of macroeconomic crisis management. Fund-supported adjustment programmes have often been flawed by a lack of distributional analysis and by poor sequencing of reforms, notably premature financial liberalisation. As a result they have caused avoidable hardship. In addition, the attempt to taper out aid as part of the reform programme leads to avoidable reductions in post-stabilisation growth. An important role for the Fund in post-stabilisation environments is to provide credible signals to private investors.     

The Performance of a Repeated Discriminatory Price Auction for Ecosystem Services

Environmental and Resource Economics - Government agencies often rely on repeated discriminatory price auctions to procure ecosystem services from private landowners despite limited evidence on...     

生产性服务业的发展模式

生产性服务业是21世纪发展最快的行业,其增长潜力大,产业关联度高,对产业结构优化、价值链层级提升和整体经济竞争力水平的提高具有举足轻重的作用。从产业角度来看,生产性服务业经历从制造业中分离、独立发展、与制造业互动融合三个阶段;从价值链角度分析,在生产性服务业发展的三个阶段分别服务于制造业的上下游、核心环节以及生产性过程中;从行业角度来看,初级阶段以人力服务、物流服务为主,中级阶段以资本服务为主,高级阶段以信息技术和知识技术服务为主。