基于多信号模型的综合化航电系统综合诊断算法设计

针对现代航电系统综合化程度高、故障现象复杂多变、故障诊断能力不足的现状,分析了综合化航电系统的故障特征,总结了其故障诊断算法的设计要求,并在此基础上设计了基于多信号模型的故障综合诊断算法,具体包括：建立了算法的总体架构,针对机上LRU/LRM级、子系统级和系统级诊断以及在线诊断的特点分别设计了适用的诊断算法模块,特别针对子系统与系统级诊断,设计了防虚警处理算法、快速诊断算法和精确诊断算法,以解决航电系统机内测试设备（BITE）长期存在的虚警难题,满足不同BIT工作模式下故障诊断的要求;建立了多层次诊断架构下的综合诊断流程,规划了各诊断模块的组成、功能、工作原理和输入输出数据。梳理了综合诊断算法设计的工作项目及其接口关系,给出了航电系统集成研发模式下综合诊断算法的设计流程,为工业部门在研制阶段进行航电系统综合诊断算法的设计开发提供支持。     

利用BIT提高二次雷达系统任务可靠性的新方法

利用一种机内测试（BIT）设计提高了二次雷达系统的任务可靠性,将二次雷达集成系统中原本独立的雷达敌我识别（IFF）和航管（ATC）二次雷达通道变为互备份通道,在一路通道正常的情况下就能成功执行两种二次雷达任务,无需人工干预,切换时间为微秒级,大大提高了任务实时、可靠的完成能力。同时,系统BIT设计中采用了集中-分布式相结合的BIT设计方式,融合两者的优势,完成通道状态的准确判断,能够将故障定位到现场可更换单元（LRU）。这种BIT设计方法的优点在于提高故障检测率的同时有效降低了系统的虚警概率,提高了系统的测试性和维修性;在不增加硬件资源的情况下,提供了一种简单灵活的热备份方法,大大提高了系统的任务可靠性。这种设计方法已成功应用于实际工程,提高了系统的综合性能。     

综合化CNI设备测试系统的设计

针对综合化通信导航识别（ICNI）设备与传统CNI设备在体系架构、信息传输方式的差异以及现有测试方法的不足,设计了一种综合测试系统。该系统借鉴综合模块化设计思想实现专用模拟器模块化,采用专家系统实现自动测试,通过机内测试（BIT）提高机内故障诊断能力,不仅满足ICNI设备功能指标测试要求,也为故障检测及诊断提供了方法。该系统可对ICNI设备全频段覆盖性自动测试,故障隔离率达到100%,是验证ICNI设备性能的有效技术手段。     

综合模块化航电系统驻留功能适航审定要求分析

综合模块化航电系统以功能分区的形式在资源共享平台上综合了多种航电功能,系统功能与硬件平台不再具有唯一对应性,给适航审定技术带来了困难。首先分析了综合模块化航电系统的特点和民机产品的适航方式,然后依据局方的相关技术标准文件,给出了综合模块化航电系统驻留功能的适航需求分析,最后总结了审定要素和评审要求分析。相关研究成果有助于解决功能-硬件分离的航电产品的取证问题,是对现有综合模块化航电系统审定体系的有效补充。     

大型民用特种飞机平台航电系统架构分析

通过分析大型民用特种飞机使用场景，将航电系统进一步划分为平台航电系统和任务航电系统，提出了“大分布、小综合”的平台航电系统架构设计理念。该设计理念采用分布式综合模块化架构，对平台航电系统的各分系统进行功能区域性综合。此外，还分析了平台航电系统架构的验证方法、适航取证思路等方面内容，可为后续大型民用特种飞机的平台航电系统设计提供借鉴和参考。     

ARINC653分区操作系统在综合模块化航空电子系统中的应用

航空电子系统的综合模块化发展对软件系统提出了更高的要求.介绍了基于ARINC653软件规范的分区操作系统的原理、综合模块化航电系统的特点和需求,以该系统中显控子系统软件的设计为例,说明了ARINC653分区操作系统在综合模块化航电系统中的应用价值.     

通用飞机综合航电测试系统的设计与实现

分析了通用飞机上装载综合航电系统的测试与维修现状,讨论了搭建综合航电测试平台系统的必要性。结合生产实际需求,提出了将虚拟仪器、自动测试相关技术引入到综合航电系统的测试平台中。以GPIB仪器、VXI模块为依托完成硬件方面的设计;在软件设计上,利用Labview驱动模块实现对测试仪器的控制。实际应用表明,设计的系统具有自动化程度高、可靠性和稳定性高等优点。     

基于模型的综合模块化航电系统测试性设计方法

针对综合模块化航电系统对测试性提出的更高要求及其工程实践中存在的典型问题,定义了一种分布-集中式的系统测试诊断架构,以适应其体系架构的特点和生产配套关系的变化;提出了一种基于模型的系统测试性设计方法和流程,以测试性模型为驱动指导航电系统的测试性方案设计、评估与优化过程,取代传统的基于指标的测试性设计方法。在某机载综合射频系统上开展了方法应用,成功解决了该系统综合化以后测试诊断架构设计与测试性分配的非线性问题。     

ASAAC航空电子体系结构标准分析

综合模块化航空电子已经成为航电系统发展的主导,其体系结构和模块设计也趋于成熟和完善.文中分析了ASAAC委员会经过多年研究形成的一整套航电体系标准,该标准对综合模块化航空电子系统的软件设计、通信网络、通用功能模块、封装等设计要素作了限定,并提出了指导的设计原则.     

适用于民机IMA的通用机载软件开发平台

针对目前国内民用飞机在综合模块化航电系统（IMA）集成应用技术的发展,参考国外民用 飞机航电系统的IMA 体系结构和IMA集成应用技术,结合分区操作系统的特点,给出了在分区操作系统下开发BSP 和AFDX驱动移植的方法。利用这些方法可以构建一种满足民用飞机的通用机载软件开发平台 ,为民用飞机中IMA上的驻留功能软件开发提供基础实验环境和验证平台。     

PTE,innovation capital and firm value interactions in the biotech medical industry

Unlike previous studies which only focus on the main effect between IC and FV, this research includes PTE with the gap of resource-based view. IC is a key element in creating a competitive advantage, as it has a great influence on FV. A company may put relatively less into IC if it demonstrates higher efficiency. However, previous studies have neglected the fact that relative efficiency and IC affect FV and stock returns directly and indirectly. The research period was from 2006 to 2010 and the main research methods include HRA and DEA. The main research findings include the following. (1) There is a space for improvement in terms of the total technical efficiency. (2) PTE has a significant moderating effect between IC and FV. (3) IC and PTE have a significant influence on FV. (4) Apart from PTE and stock returns, IC and FV show significant differences within the sub-industry.     

The political market for immigration restrictions: Model and test

This paper addresses the important question of whether public investment spending on economic infrastructure enhances economic growth in Mexico. It estimates a Cobb-Douglas production function that includes public infrastructure capital. Using cointegration analysis, the paper estimates a vector error correction model (VECM) for the 1995?–?99 period. The results suggest that there is a long-term stable relationship among the variables included in the VECM. The evidence also indicates that both public infrastructure spending and private capital formation have a positive and highly significant effect on the rate of output growth. Finally, the impulse response functions (IRF) and the variance decompositions (VDC) of the endogenous variables in the VECM suggest that the response of private capital to public infrastructure is positive while the reverse causation is not affirmed. From a policy standpoint, the findings call into question stabilization policies that disproportionately reduce public infrastructure to meet targeted reductions in the fiscal deficit (JEL, O1, O47, O54).     

通用数据链组网有效性评估的建模

根据现阶段综合信息网络的发展需求,考虑到通用数据链组网的 抗干扰能力强和保密性能高等特征,结合NFE即神经网络（NN）、模糊推理（FR）、专家系 统（ES）模型和 层次分析法(AHP),提出了通用数据链组网有效性研究的N FE-AHP模型,并仿真验证了NFE-AHP模型对于通用数据链组网有效性评估的适用性,结果表 明抗干扰度、鲁棒性、兼容 能力对通用数据链组网有效性评估尤为重要,对于通用数据链组网有效性评估的工程实践具 有一定的指导意义。     

Four decades of negative word-of-mouth and negative electronic word-of-mouth: A morphological analysis

Customers voice their negative brand experiences to their family and friends in the form of negative word-of-mouth (NWOM). Web 2.0 enables the sharing of NWOM in electronic format on various social media sites, online customer review forums, and blogs, which is known as negative electronic word-of-mouth (NeWOM). Researchers need to study the spread of NWOM/NeWOM to prevent adverse consequences for companies and suggest an optimal response for its redressal. Existing literature review studies have focused on word-of-mouth (WOM) and electronic WOM (eWOM) and have considered both positive and negative WOM and eWOM concurrently. Past literature reviews have captured the breadth of the WOM domain, ignoring the depth. This research article contains a review of 282 journal papers capturing the depth of the extant literature by focusing solely on ‘negative’ WOM and eWOM (NWOM and NeWOM), and presents a broad view of the NWOM and NeWOM domains using morphological analysis (MA). This will help to conceptualize and categorize the existing state-of-the-art literature into broad dimensions and identify future research opportunities. The MA framework helps to bifurcate this literature into the following four dimensions: (i) nomenclature of NWOM and NeWOM, (ii) antecedents of NWOM/NeWOM, (iii) impacts of NWOM/NeWOM, and (iv) prevention and recovery response to NeWOM. Further dissection of these four dimensions leads to 15 sub-dimensions and 217 variants. Combinations of the 217 variants enable the identification of 550 novel future research opportunities in the area of NWOM and NeWOM.     

Multinational Enterprises’ Entry Mode Strategies in Syria and Jordan: The Impact of Ownership Advantages

This study addresses the issue of ownership advantages affecting multinational enterprises’ (MNEs) entry mode strategies in developing countries. Although a few studies have focused on such effects, very little attention has been devoted to the ownership advantages generated from the institutional environment of MNEs’ home countries. To bridge this gap, this study concentrates on three types of ownership advantages: intangible asset advantages (IAA), advantages of common governance (ACG), and home‐country‐specific advantages (HCSA). Using a sample of 303 foreign affiliates, this study empirically examines the choice of MNEs between a wholly owned subsidiary (WOS) and a joint venture (JV). The data were collected from senior executives of MNEs’ subsidiaries operating in Syria and Jordan. The findings of this study reveal that MNEs’ choice of entry mode strategies is significantly influenced by intangible asset advantages, advantages of common governance, and home‐country‐specific advantages. Hence, senior executives perceiving an increased importance of these assets will opt for a WOS rather than a JV when entering a new market in the Middle East. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

美国国际贸易法院判定美国商务部对河北兴茂轮胎有限公司非公路用轮胎“双反”措施不当案评述

美国进口商和中国出口商不满美国商务部对来自中国的某些非公路用轮胎实施反倾销和反补贴税的裁定,向美国国际贸易法院提出起诉。美国国际贸易法院裁定,美国法律没有明确规定反倾销税法是否可适用于非市场经济国家;本案中美国商务部做的"双反"裁定,在方法上不合理。本文在介绍该案的基本案情、归纳法院推理和判决的基础上,对该案涉及的法律问题做了简要评论。     

Is environmental labeling certification a “green passport” for firm exports in emerging economies? Evidence from China

As the demand for more environmentally friendly products continues to increase, environmental label certification (ELC), as a voluntary environmental practice (VEP), has become a commonly used strategy by firms responding the green demands of the international market. While ELC is playing an increasingly important role in global trade, how ELC affects firms’ exports, especially how it affects the exports of those firms in emerging economies, remains unknown. This study explores the impact of ELC on firms’ exports. Insights are provided from resource-based views (RBV) by analysing China's A-share listed manufacturing firms to estimate the impact of China's ELC on exports. Our empirical results show that ELC can promote firms’ exports, because ELC emphasizes firms to reduce pollutant from the source, thereby, brings about cost advantage and green product differentiated advantage to boost high-quality exports. Using a series of robustness tests, we provide corroborating evidence for our hypotheses. The export-enhancing effect of ELC is impacted by the institutional context of emerging economies, as specialized market intermediaries and greater openness to the global market strengthen the export-enhancing effect of ELC. This research not only contributes to the literature, but also provides a reference for policy-makers and managers in using ELC to develop green trade.     

How do economic,cultural, and global-connectedness distances moderate the effect of customers’ experiences on their intention to revisit non-indigenous restaurants? Evidence from Korean restaurants

In this study, we evaluate how the effect of customers' experiences on revisit intention for non-indigenous restaurants can be moderated by economic distance (ED), cultural distance (CD) and global-connectedness distance (GD) between the country of origin for a given non-indigenous restaurant and the customer’s resident country. Surveys were conducted in seven countries across three continents, and the levels of ED, CD and GD between Korea and the seven countries were used as moderators. The findings suggest that the types of food and staff are two elements that should be emphasized in countries that are relatively close to Korea. Conversely, elements like the atmosphere of the restaurant and word of mouth should be emphasized in countries that have greater distances from Korea. Of the three distances considered in the study, GD had the strongest moderating effect on the relationship between customers’ experiences and their intentions to return to the restaurant. As a whole, the results imply that ED, CD and GD are important points of reference when considering prior experience while selecting a target country based on the strength of the restaurant’s experience management.     

Extreme internal–external industrial-service flexibilities and interfirm cooperative networks in high-technology machine manufacturing

Most interfirm studies focus only on the strategies of strategic partnerships, such as joint ventures, technology transferring agreements, licensing agreements; the study here provides interfirm-network knowledge protocols for designing interfirm-service processes in the high-technology machinery industry (HTMI) by small-and-medium enterprise (SME) networks from the perspectives of extremely-rapid industrial-service flexibility (X-ISF). Based on the decision system analysis (DSA) method, this study constructs an X-ISF research model consisting of major variables of extremely-rapid internal ISF (X-I ISF), extremely-rapid external ISF (X-E ISF), and cooperative networks. This study applies a mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) research design to understand interfirm-network decision-making and the influence of the antecedent conditions of internal and external X-ISF and cooperative upstream-to-downstream networks on firms' X-ISF performance. The study finds that the mutual relationships between X-I ISF and X-E ISF are substantially unbalanced — the impact on firm X-ISF performance by the external-to-internal (X-in) ISF is substantially greater than the impact from the internal-to-external (X-out) ISF. Recognize the need to lead with external-to-internal X-ISF to sustain the adoption-implementation of superior high-technology is the principal take-away strategy implication.