土地政策调整对经济发展和社会福利的影响

构建了一个土地对社会福利影响的分析模型,并用天津市的数据进行检验。研究结果表明：（1）政府对于土地供应量的控制减少了均衡资本量;（2）严格的土地政策会使单位资本产生的福利量减少;（3）土地政策的适时调整能使经济发展沿着社会福利最大化的路径发展。因此,土地政策的制定应该以社会需求为导向,并通过适时调整以实现社会福利最大化。     

随机控制试验法及其在创新、创业和政策评估领域的应用

随机控制试验广泛应用在理工科,但在人文和社会科学领域则较少,特别是创新创业及政策评估领域。论文在回顾随机控制试验这一方法的发展历史之后,介绍了随机控制试验法的3种随机分组方式和9个设计步骤,讨论了该方法的一些优势、不足和关注的话题,并探讨了这一方法在科技计划评估中的"黄金准则"价值。论文期待越来越多的中国学者应用随机控制试验法进行创新创业和政策评估领域的研究。     

The State,Public Policy and Heterodox Economics: An Introduction

While most heterodox economists endorse some amount of policy activism, there is no unified conception of the state and public policy in heterodox economics. To help clarify the similarities and differences within heterodoxy – and between heterodox and mainstream economics – a panel addressing this subject was convened in 2007 at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Institutional Thought. This article introduces the essays prepared for that symposium. They include an examination of the position of Marx and Engels, a clarification of the institutionalist views of Veblen and Commons, an outline of the perspective of Post Keynesian Institutionalism, and an account of some essential contributions of Classical Pragmatism (a major school of thought within the philosophy of science). The collection advances what Robert Heilbroner called “the worldly philosophy” by seeking to understand the role of the state in a world where institutions, defined broadly as social habits, adjust to other institutions.

经济政策不确定性与企业多元化程度选择

多元化是现代企业发展战略中的一个重要问题。近年来多元化程度下降成为我国上市公司发展中一个主要特征。以2003-2017年沪深两市上市公司为研究对象,考察经济政策不确定性对上市公司多元化的影响。结果显示:经济政策不确定性与上市公司多元化程度显著负相关;对内生性问题进行处理后,这种负相关性在民营企业、高成长企业、非受保护行业的企业以及在金融危机爆发后更为明显。进一步研究还表明:上市公司经营实力、治理环境和股东监督力度的提高,会使经济政策不确定性对降低公司多元化程度的影响有所减弱。政府减少政策变动,保持政策的长期性和稳定性,并在制定经济政策时充分考虑企业的异质性特征,有利于企业多元化程度选择;另一方面,公司也需不断提高自身的学习能力,优化治理体系,增强抗风险能力。     

创新激励:公共财税政策的工具选择

自主创新是一国兴旺发达的不竭动力,是国与国之间科技竞争的焦点。由于技术创新存在市场失灵,所以政府有必要利用政策工具实施干预,以促进本国自主创新事业的发展。从我国实施自主创新政策选择的必要性分析入手,通过对技术创新的理论剖析,得出政府必须运用财税政策实施干预,以及如何进行自主创新导向的财税政策选择。     

论低碳经济发展视阈下的公共政策创新

在全球变暖及其所带来的一系列生态环境问题备受国际关注的时代背景下,低碳经济发展越来越受到各国政府的普遍重视。本文分别从能源安全政策、产业、财税政策、公共参与政策、人才政策以及消费政策五方面展开分析,在此基础上提出适合我国国情的低碳政策创新建议。     

生态伦理观在公共经济政策中的培育与运用

生态环境危机是当今各国政府面临的重大难题,用生态伦理思想对待自然、协调入与自然之间的关系至关重要。生态伦理为公共经济政策的制订提供重要支持和参考。本文从伦理学和经济学角度阐述了生态伦理与公共经济政策的关系,提出了诸如加强生态环境法制建设、以技术创新为先导、鼓励发展潜势产业以及开征环境资源税等措施,探讨了矿区这一生态脆弱区的先进经验和有效做法,认为充分尊重并遵循生态伦理思想是新时代公共经济政策的必然选择。     

公共政策视域中土地沙漠化治理研究

党的十七届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于农村问题的若干决定》指出,坚持最严格的耕地保护制度,坚决守住18亿亩耕地红线。这体现了国家和政府对耕地重要性的进一步认识。然而作为自然生产要素的耕地不是孤立的,对于危及我国耕地安全的问题尤其是土地沙漠化必须采取更为积极有效的措施。文章从公共政策的视角分析了我国沙漠化治理中存在的问题,提出了沙漠化治理进程中公共政策创新的重要性及具体思路。     

Policy Guiding and Dividend Behavior of Public Corporations

Reviewing the background of dividend policy adopted by public corporations in China, this paper investigates the relationship between dividend policy of public corporation and the state supervisory policy upon the promulgation and implementation of Regulatory Measures on New Issues of Public Corporations in 2001. We collect all listed companies with dividend distribution from 1992 to 2002 as sample data. The results of analyses indicate that corporate dividend is affected evidently by the state supervisory policy and different majority shareholders have distinct reaction to governance. The majority shareholders are obviously motivated to maximize their benefits and evade the supervision from the state. At last we propose that supervisory policy of corporations should adopt unambiguous guideline.     

Evolutionary Theory and Economic Policy with Reference to Sustainability

Synopsis The policy recommendations of most economists are driven by a view of economic reality embodied in Walrasian general equilibrium theory. Ironically, the Walrasian system has been all but abandoned by leading economic theorists. It has been demonstrated to be theoretically untenable, its basic assumptions about human decision making have been empirically falsified, and it consistently makes poor predictions of economic behavior. The current revolution in welfare economics offers opportunities on two related fronts for an evolutionary perspective on human behavior to reshape economic theory and policy. The first opportunity is to incorporate empirically-based information about human behavior to the study of human wants and their formation. This includes information about the evolution of the genetic component of decision making as well as the cultural dimensions of behavior. Expanding the role of economic analysis beyond stylized market behavior to focus on well-being (real utility) has far-reaching consequences for microeconomic policy. Secondly, abandoning the Walrasian model also means rethinking the microfoundations approach to the economic analysis of sustainability. This opens the door for economists to engage with the growing body of research on the evolution of whole societies. One link between the evolution of human behavior and the evolution of human societies is the psychological phenomenon of considering sunk costs. Understanding and overcoming the sunk cost fallacy may be the key to creating a sustainable society.     

创新科技政策作用要素及其响应研究述评

从定义、目标、特点、内容、受体、功能、工具、要素的角度,对创新科技政策、创新政策、科学政策、技术政策进行了对比,指出创新科技政策更能对企业的技术研发创新给予引导、规范和扶持。梳理了创新科技政策的作用要素及其作用路径,并归纳出企业响应创新科技政策的4个机制。     

异质化下的"NPO"及相关税收政策的定位与选择

当前我国NPO异质化倾向十分严重，其税收动因主要是税收优惠政策的宽松和原有涉及NPO减免存在盲点与误区。NPO免税资格的认定必须借鉴国际经验与做法，NPO与公益事业组奴税收政策的定位与选择必须以外在性理论为基础。     

为什么鼓励更多人创业是一项拙劣的公共政策？

政策制定者们常常认为,创建更多新公司将改变经济萧条的地区,促进创新,创造就业。这种看法令人质疑,因为新建公司不具创新能力,创造不了多少就业机会,也生产不了多少财富。通过创业获得经济增长和创造就业机会不是一种数字游戏,它是要鼓励高品质、高增长公司的形成。政策制定者应停止资助典型新公司的创建,把重点放在有增长潜力的公司上。虽然政府官员不能“挑选赢家”,他们还是能够甄别出无力创造就业和拉动经济增长的新建公司。通过减少对这些低能力公司的创建激励,政策制定者们能够改善新生企业的平均绩效。     

Guy Routh's Heterodox Critique of Economic Methodology

Guy Routh was an outstandingly incisive and severe critic of mainstream economic theory's abstraction, class bias, and empirical irrelevance. Routh's The Origin of Economic Ideas (1975 1989), with such chapter titles as “The Preposterous Origins” and “From Propaganda to Dogma”, was described by Robert Heilbroner as “irreverent, original, controversial, and delightful” while J. K. Galbraith expressed his “utmost enjoyment” and “utmost approval” of the book. Routh's trenchant critique of mainstream theorizing and his vision of an empirically-grounded alternative have been largely forgotten since his death in 1993, but deserve the attention of heterodox and especially of institutionalist and social economists.     

National Income Accounting and Public Policy

Modern national income accounting was designed in the early 20th century for the purpose of providing improved indicators about the performance of the economy so that government policy makers could better control the economy. The way that performance is measured affects the types of policies used to try to accomplish policy goals. Two attributes of national income accounting are analyzed for their effects on economic policy. First, government production is included in the national income accounts at cost, rather than at market value as private sector output is measured. This biases policy toward a larger public sector. Second, output is measured as a homogeneous dollar amount. This biases policy toward focusing on increasing quantities of inputs and outputs in the production process, rather than on innovation and entrepreneurship, which are the true engines of economic progress. Economic policy could be improved by focusing less on national income as an indicator of policy, and more on the underlying processes that foster economic progress.     

完善我国自主创新政策的对策研究

分析了我国自主创新政策的现状,针对我国自主创新政策存在的问题,从科技投入、税收政策、金融支持系统、知识产权保护体系、产业政策等方面提出解决对策。     

心理会计、公共福利保障与居民消费

消费需求不足是我国经济快速增长过程中的一个突出问题。考虑到经典理论的局限性,我们提出了基于心理会计的消费行为假说,并对假说的真实性进行了验证。研究发现,居民心理会计账户结构的变化是当前制约我国消费需求增长的根本原因,而改革进程中出现的一些制度结构的失衡是问题的根源。据此我们指出,通过提高公共福利和社会保障水平,降低经济发展过程中的不确定性进而调整居民心理会计账户的结构,与单纯增加居民收入相比能够更加有效地促进消费的增长。     

Economic Policy and the Progressive Idea

Abstract

Recent events in different countries suggest that institutional change is discontinuous and may lead to abrupt change. A specific case is shifts in social consensus. The article focuses on the latter. It argues that people make sense of their lives in relation to how they situate themselves within society. Their identities depend on the degree to which they are capable consciously to conduct their lives. Undesired economic change may disrupt previous identities and cause cognitive dissonance. At the collective level, it may trigger in-group versus out-group dynamics that provide a fictitious identity and either reinforce the status quo or suddenly subvert it.

Neoliberalism caused such undesired changes. A progressive alternative cannot rely just on convincing people that a change in conventional economic measures is desirable. It requires a recovery of people’s active and conscious self-identification. This involves overcoming their forced adaptation to the status quo through participation and collective action     

Broadband Policy: Industry Planning and the Public Interest

Public interest regulation protects society by constraining private economic power, and it promotes the construction of essential infrastructure facilities. The Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC) broadband plan supports the deployment of broadband service and the maintenance of an open Internet. The paper uses Harry M. Trebing’s public interest paradigm to evaluate the FCC’s broadband plan.     

试论我国的环境经济政策体系及其构建

环境经济政策相对于传统的行政、法律手段具有及时性与应激性的特点。我国目前环境经济政策真正能够在全国范围内发挥作用的并不多,相关的法律法规内容也十分有限,更谈不上形成一个完整的环境经济政策体系。积极借鉴发达国家的成功经验,绿色税收、环境收费、绿色信贷、生态补偿、排污权交易、绿色贸易和绿色保险为我国环境经济政策体系基本框架的建立提供了比较清晰的思路。