土地政策调整对经济发展和社会福利的影响

构建了一个土地对社会福利影响的分析模型,并用天津市的数据进行检验。研究结果表明：（1）政府对于土地供应量的控制减少了均衡资本量;（2）严格的土地政策会使单位资本产生的福利量减少;（3）土地政策的适时调整能使经济发展沿着社会福利最大化的路径发展。因此,土地政策的制定应该以社会需求为导向,并通过适时调整以实现社会福利最大化。     

随机控制试验法及其在创新、创业和政策评估领域的应用

随机控制试验广泛应用在理工科,但在人文和社会科学领域则较少,特别是创新创业及政策评估领域。论文在回顾随机控制试验这一方法的发展历史之后,介绍了随机控制试验法的3种随机分组方式和9个设计步骤,讨论了该方法的一些优势、不足和关注的话题,并探讨了这一方法在科技计划评估中的"黄金准则"价值。论文期待越来越多的中国学者应用随机控制试验法进行创新创业和政策评估领域的研究。     

提高我国创新政策水平的综合思考

创新政策是自主创新战略顺利实施的重要保障。综合分析了我国创新政策目前存在的问题,并且指出创新政策研究和创新政策管理中存在的问题是导致这些问题的主要原因。国外创新政策研究方法、管理体系、监督机制与我国有较大的差异,对其进行了详细介绍和系统分析。最后建议从完善创新政策理论基础、建立创新政策研究方法体系、构建创新政策综合管理体系、优化创新政策制定实施过程的管理机制4方面提高我国创新政策的水平。     

产业政策创新促进山西经济持续发展

能源原材料定价方式的市场化及其相应的价格变化是2000以来山西经济发展水平相对上升的主要原因.这种经济增长方式既不具有可控性也不具有可持续性,因而,是非常脆弱的.在创新能力与资本积累都没有明显改善的条件下,依靠市场的力量来实现山西经济增长方式的调整是不现实的.在这种情况下,必须加强政府能动性的作用.     

The State,Public Policy and Heterodox Economics: An Introduction

While most heterodox economists endorse some amount of policy activism, there is no unified conception of the state and public policy in heterodox economics. To help clarify the similarities and differences within heterodoxy – and between heterodox and mainstream economics – a panel addressing this subject was convened in 2007 at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Institutional Thought. This article introduces the essays prepared for that symposium. They include an examination of the position of Marx and Engels, a clarification of the institutionalist views of Veblen and Commons, an outline of the perspective of Post Keynesian Institutionalism, and an account of some essential contributions of Classical Pragmatism (a major school of thought within the philosophy of science). The collection advances what Robert Heilbroner called “the worldly philosophy” by seeking to understand the role of the state in a world where institutions, defined broadly as social habits, adjust to other institutions.

The Economic Efficiency of Policy Reform and Partial Market Liberalization under Transaction Costs

The article presents an integrated analysis of the effects of domestic and trade policy reform on resource allocation and welfare under transaction costs. It develops a general multiagent, multicommodity model, where transaction costs are the costs of resources used in the exchange process. The influence of domestic and trade policy (including both price and quantity instruments) on distorted market equilibrium is analysed. Alternative concepts of distorted equilibrium are presented and investigated. They provide a basis for evaluating the effects of multilateral partial market liberalization on resource allocation and welfare under transaction costs. New conditions are derived under which multilateral policy reforms generate Pareto improvements.     

经济政策不确定性与企业多元化程度选择

多元化是现代企业发展战略中的一个重要问题。近年来多元化程度下降成为我国上市公司发展中一个主要特征。以2003-2017年沪深两市上市公司为研究对象,考察经济政策不确定性对上市公司多元化的影响。结果显示:经济政策不确定性与上市公司多元化程度显著负相关;对内生性问题进行处理后,这种负相关性在民营企业、高成长企业、非受保护行业的企业以及在金融危机爆发后更为明显。进一步研究还表明:上市公司经营实力、治理环境和股东监督力度的提高,会使经济政策不确定性对降低公司多元化程度的影响有所减弱。政府减少政策变动,保持政策的长期性和稳定性,并在制定经济政策时充分考虑企业的异质性特征,有利于企业多元化程度选择;另一方面,公司也需不断提高自身的学习能力,优化治理体系,增强抗风险能力。     

创新激励:公共财税政策的工具选择

自主创新是一国兴旺发达的不竭动力,是国与国之间科技竞争的焦点。由于技术创新存在市场失灵,所以政府有必要利用政策工具实施干预,以促进本国自主创新事业的发展。从我国实施自主创新政策选择的必要性分析入手,通过对技术创新的理论剖析,得出政府必须运用财税政策实施干预,以及如何进行自主创新导向的财税政策选择。     

基于政府公共管理的政策工具创新

随着我国经济体制的改革,政府失灵现象出现,人们开始关注政策工具的创新及"新政策工具"的运用.政策执行者也呼吁采用新政策工具,对新政策工具的关注、分析、引进可以看作是对社会经济发展的一种积极回应,是加快建立社会主义公共服务体制,建设和谐社会的内在要求.政策工具的转变和创新对我国提高政府管理的绩效具有重要的意义.     

论低碳经济发展视阈下的公共政策创新

在全球变暖及其所带来的一系列生态环境问题备受国际关注的时代背景下,低碳经济发展越来越受到各国政府的普遍重视。本文分别从能源安全政策、产业、财税政策、公共参与政策、人才政策以及消费政策五方面展开分析,在此基础上提出适合我国国情的低碳政策创新建议。     

生态伦理观在公共经济政策中的培育与运用

生态环境危机是当今各国政府面临的重大难题,用生态伦理思想对待自然、协调入与自然之间的关系至关重要。生态伦理为公共经济政策的制订提供重要支持和参考。本文从伦理学和经济学角度阐述了生态伦理与公共经济政策的关系,提出了诸如加强生态环境法制建设、以技术创新为先导、鼓励发展潜势产业以及开征环境资源税等措施,探讨了矿区这一生态脆弱区的先进经验和有效做法,认为充分尊重并遵循生态伦理思想是新时代公共经济政策的必然选择。     

大学生科技创业支持政策感知与对策建议——以长春市为例

通过梳理分析国内外有关大学生科技创业支持政策的研究文献,本文构建了大学生科技创业政策支持框架,并以长春市为例,分析了大学生科技创业政策的现状与存在问题,从资金、技术和服务三个方面对长春市大学生科技创业政策提出具体的建议。     

对福利企业发展前景的现实思考

文章分析了经济界时福利企业发展前景的不同认识,提出应从时福利企业的政策入手,着力改进福利企业的各项工作。     

公共政策视域中土地沙漠化治理研究

党的十七届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于农村问题的若干决定》指出,坚持最严格的耕地保护制度,坚决守住18亿亩耕地红线。这体现了国家和政府对耕地重要性的进一步认识。然而作为自然生产要素的耕地不是孤立的,对于危及我国耕地安全的问题尤其是土地沙漠化必须采取更为积极有效的措施。文章从公共政策的视角分析了我国沙漠化治理中存在的问题,提出了沙漠化治理进程中公共政策创新的重要性及具体思路。     

Policy Guiding and Dividend Behavior of Public Corporations

Reviewing the background of dividend policy adopted by public corporations in China, this paper investigates the relationship between dividend policy of public corporation and the state supervisory policy upon the promulgation and implementation of Regulatory Measures on New Issues of Public Corporations in 2001. We collect all listed companies with dividend distribution from 1992 to 2002 as sample data. The results of analyses indicate that corporate dividend is affected evidently by the state supervisory policy and different majority shareholders have distinct reaction to governance. The majority shareholders are obviously motivated to maximize their benefits and evade the supervision from the state. At last we propose that supervisory policy of corporations should adopt unambiguous guideline.     

From Industrial Policy to Innovation Policy: Japan's Pursuit of Competitive Advantage*

Japan faces significant challenges in encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship. Attempts to formally model past industrial policy interventions uniformly uncover little, if any, positive impact on productivity, growth, or welfare. The evidence indicates that most resource flows went to large, politically influential “backwards” sectors, suggesting that political economy considerations may be central to the apparent ineffectiveness of Japanese industrial policy. Rather than traditional industrial or science and technology policy, financial and labor market reforms appear more promising. As a group, Japan's industrial firms are competitive relative to their foreign counterparts. Where Japan falls behind is in the heavily regulated service sector. The problems appear to be due less to a lack of industrial policy than to an excess of regulation. Japan may have more to gain through restructuring the lagging service sector than by expending resources in pursuit of marginal gains in the industrial sector.     

Evolutionary Theory and Economic Policy with Reference to Sustainability

Synopsis The policy recommendations of most economists are driven by a view of economic reality embodied in Walrasian general equilibrium theory. Ironically, the Walrasian system has been all but abandoned by leading economic theorists. It has been demonstrated to be theoretically untenable, its basic assumptions about human decision making have been empirically falsified, and it consistently makes poor predictions of economic behavior. The current revolution in welfare economics offers opportunities on two related fronts for an evolutionary perspective on human behavior to reshape economic theory and policy. The first opportunity is to incorporate empirically-based information about human behavior to the study of human wants and their formation. This includes information about the evolution of the genetic component of decision making as well as the cultural dimensions of behavior. Expanding the role of economic analysis beyond stylized market behavior to focus on well-being (real utility) has far-reaching consequences for microeconomic policy. Secondly, abandoning the Walrasian model also means rethinking the microfoundations approach to the economic analysis of sustainability. This opens the door for economists to engage with the growing body of research on the evolution of whole societies. One link between the evolution of human behavior and the evolution of human societies is the psychological phenomenon of considering sunk costs. Understanding and overcoming the sunk cost fallacy may be the key to creating a sustainable society.     

创新科技政策作用要素及其响应研究述评

从定义、目标、特点、内容、受体、功能、工具、要素的角度,对创新科技政策、创新政策、科学政策、技术政策进行了对比,指出创新科技政策更能对企业的技术研发创新给予引导、规范和扶持。梳理了创新科技政策的作用要素及其作用路径,并归纳出企业响应创新科技政策的4个机制。     

为什么鼓励更多人创业是一项拙劣的公共政策？

政策制定者们常常认为，创建更多新公司将改变经济萧条的地区，促进创新，创造就业。这种看法令人质疑，因为新建公司不具创新能力，创造不了多少就业机会，也生产不了多少财富。通过创业获得经济增长和创造就业机会不是一种数字游戏，它是要鼓励高品质、高增长公司的形成。政策制定者应停止资助典型新公司的创建，把重点放在有增长潜力的公司上。虽然政府官员不能“挑选赢家”，他们还是能够甄别出无力创造就业和拉动经济增长的新建公司。通过减少对这些低能力公司的创建激励，政策制定者们能够改善新生企业的平均绩效。     

National Income Accounting and Public Policy

Modern national income accounting was designed in the early 20th century for the purpose of providing improved indicators about the performance of the economy so that government policy makers could better control the economy. The way that performance is measured affects the types of policies used to try to accomplish policy goals. Two attributes of national income accounting are analyzed for their effects on economic policy. First, government production is included in the national income accounts at cost, rather than at market value as private sector output is measured. This biases policy toward a larger public sector. Second, output is measured as a homogeneous dollar amount. This biases policy toward focusing on increasing quantities of inputs and outputs in the production process, rather than on innovation and entrepreneurship, which are the true engines of economic progress. Economic policy could be improved by focusing less on national income as an indicator of policy, and more on the underlying processes that foster economic progress.