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Ireland has experienced a series of interlocking banking, fiscal, unemployment, and political crises since 2007. We detail the challenges involved in modeling individual moments of the crisis through the lens of balance sheets and transactions matrices among sectors of the Irish society. We conclude with a series of recommendations for models of small open economies.  相似文献   

3.
We introduce a new, easily accessed and objective measure of the enforceability of contracts and the security of property rights. This measure, called contract-intensive money or CIM, is based on citizens decisions regarding the form in which they choose to hold their financial assets. Country case studies show that CIM varies over time in response to political events in ways predicted by our arguments. We also show that CIM is positively related to investment and growth rates, and to the relative size of contract-dependent sectors of the economy.  相似文献   

4.
This paper is concernedwith rural property rights in Mexico. Consideration of this issuewas occasioned by the liberal program of reform adopted in 1992by the government of Carlos Salinas de Gortari, which providesfor a gradual privatization of the Mexican ejidos, a form ofcommunally administered property. The present contribution examinesto what extent this reform project is theoretically founded andwhich practical problems it encounters in implementation. Thegenesis and structure of rural property rights in Mexico is outlined.The problems associated with implementing the reform projectare discussed for an empirical case example in the Soconuscoregion (Chiapas) in Mexico. Finally, a number of consequencesare drawn.  相似文献   

5.
In Haiti, two primary pathways to land ownership are through the purchase of land and through inheritance. In terms of inheritance, intestate law treats daughters and sons equally with respect to real property. Despite the formal law, we find that women are relatively less tenure secure on their inherited land than men. In contrast, men and women share similar perceptions of tenure security on purchased land. These differences become manifest in conservation investment activities: tree planting, fallowing, and terracing. We find evidence that these activities are less likely to occur by female respondents on their inherited land.  相似文献   

6.
所有权和财产权是当今世界讨论最激烈的主题之一。很多美国、欧洲甚至中国的经济学家都断言,只有实现企业的私有权才能促进更有绩效的经济发展。然而,很多已经实行了私有化的国家并没有收到预期的效果。有些学者开始怀疑私有权的作用,有些学者则更进一步为私有权作辩护。本文将以美国以及其他国家的经验为例,来证明对私有化的批判是正确的,而对私有权权威必要性的诉求则是不正确的。  相似文献   

7.
张敏  张卓然  张雯 《财经研究》2012,(5):134-143
文章运用我国上市公司的数据,实证检验了上市公司的财务重述行为对审计师变更的影响。研究结果表明,对于国有企业来说,重述公司的审计师发生变更的概率要低于非重述公司,但如果重述公司上期被出具了标准无保留意见,审计师变更的概率会上升;在非国有企业中,未发现重述与审计师变更之间存在显著相关关系。对国有企业来说,财务重述与审计师变更类型之间无显著关系;在非国有企业,有微弱的证据表明,财务重述公司更容易将事务所变更为小所,如果上期被出具了标准无保留意见,这种倾向更明显。研究结果表明,上市公司和审计师之间存在"审计合谋",这一问题在国有企业中更为严重。  相似文献   

8.
网络的普及是信息化发展的必然结果,一方面,它以其丰富的信息资源、迅捷的传播方式、广泛的参与性。深刻地改变着人们的工作、学习、生活、思想和思维方式,使传统的意识形态体系受到了冲击;另一方面,由于网络本身所具有的虚拟性、开放性、无序性等特征,也给社会生活中的人们带来了不容忽视的诸多负面影响,这无疑使思想政治工作面临新的机遇和挑战。只有把握机遇,主动应对挑战,积极创新思想政治工作方式方法,才能开辟思想政治工作的新阵地。  相似文献   

9.
通过对改革开放后第一家私人钱庄兴衰的史实进行重新考察和审视,本文经研究发现,尽管权力当局把资金自由交易权界定给了监管部门,但因监管成本和信息成本过高而无法保障该产权,个人会通过参与各类非正规金融活动来攫取一部分置于公共领域的权利。本文还基于交易费用理论解释了我国金融市场禁人政策出现松动的原因,也即维持扭曲型二元金融制度的成本以及严禁农村非正规金融活动的费用都越来越高,而且国内的经济形势也提出了放松监管的要求,在这些因素的作用下监管部门执行原有金融抑制政策的力度终于降低了。  相似文献   

10.
Harry M. Trebing has made substantial contributions to the understanding of social control of economic enterprise, particularly in the regulation of public utilities. Imbued with institutional economic ways of knowing, he sustained the construct of progressive-era public interest regulation during a period of neoclassical economic assault on regulatory institutions.  相似文献   

11.
A very well-established economic literature maintains that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are inefficient as compared to privately owned ones (POEs). In this paper, I argue that SOEs' inefficiency is not due to state ownership per se, but is rather caused conditions other than ownership, to which SOEs often — though not necessarily always — relate. In particular, I focus on dynamic efficiency — specifically, the production of technological innovation — of SOEs in manufacturing industries, where SOEs should contend with POEs in a competitive environment. I suggest that targeted measures, which are aimed at increasing managers' commitment to long-term investment strategies and at reducing corruption and political interference — albeit complex and difficult to implement — can be much more (positively) impactful on long-run technical progress than the simple privatization of companies. This leaves room for exploration and implementation of policies that might reconcile state ownership and market competition in industrial sectors.  相似文献   

12.
过去大量的研究强调政策、区域、禀赋等对广东经济转轨绩效的影响,论文从产权管制放松的角度出发,构建了一个简单的博弈论模型,旨在分析广东政府放松对资源配置权利的管制对经济转轨产生的制度效应。研究发现,广东各级地方政府放松对资源配置权利的管制,大幅节约了租金耗散,并衍生出更多给予经济个体发挥比较优势的获利空间,扩展了市场范围,从而促进了地区经济均衡转轨。论文对于理解广东经济转轨问题提供了一个新的视角和框架,它尤其有助于揭示产权管制放松与经济绩效变迁二者之间的内在机理和制度逻辑。  相似文献   

13.
近代中国货币供应结构的改变(存款比例增大)解决了现金货币供应不足的问题.文章测算了20世纪30年代中国经济的货币化程度,认为它是稳步增长的.在世界经济危机波及中国的情况下,主要依靠中国、交通两银行等核心金融机构力挺工商业的带头示范和同业合作,以及政府对中交两行接管初期的某种督促,保持了货币供给的增加,使中国市场较快走出困境;但政府统制金融的另一面则是扼杀了市场的活力,缺乏制约政府行为的配套改革,因此在取得成果的同时也埋下了非常不利的伏笔.  相似文献   

14.
A system transformation contains complicated social dilemmas and special-interest problems. Thus it is frequently suggested that democratic decisionmaking is inappropriate for introducing a market economy in the former socialist countries. In this paper I argue that this view rests on a nirvana approach, because it neglects the dynamics of authoritarian governments. It is shown that dictatorships tend to serve even narrower special interests than democracies and are therefore usually less likely to pursue a consistent transformation policy. However, a dictatorship could, under certain cultural and social conditions, have some advantages over democracies. But those conditions are barely present in the formerly socialist countries. Moreover, a dictatorship can by its very nature not be committed and cannot even commit itself to a certain public policy. Hence, there is only one instrument to mitigate social dilemmas in transformation countries: a set of constitutional rules. Some basic properties of a constitutional approach of system transformation are introduced in the last section of the paper.  相似文献   

15.
制度演进理论将制度变迁行为归结为制度主体对环境的学习和适应过程,在完全信息和缺乏外在约束条件下,制度将会按照某种方式向最优的均衡路径逼近。但是,信息的不完全性、经济实体的制度兼容性以及转轨经济面临的产权、效率约束都会改变制度演进的路径和结果。根据Barro(1991)和Skott(1999)的分析框架,通过构建制度的动态演进方程,文章对在一定约束条件下的制度演进长期均衡路径进行了考察,勾勒出一幅全新的制度演进图景。同时,运用相关的宏观经济数据,文章考察了模型对中国经济制度演进路径的解释能力。  相似文献   

16.
文章利用1997-2008年省级面板数据,以技术市场成交额占当地GDP的比重来衡量地区知识产权保护水平,采用系统广义矩估计和门槛回归方法实证分析了知识产权保护对技术创新的影响。研究结果表明,加强知识产权保护能够显著促进技术创新;知识产权保护与研发物质资本和人力资本投入之间分别具有互补性和替代性;我国大部分地区已经跨越了知识产权保护水平的门槛值,加强知识产权保护不会阻碍技术创新。因此,要提高我国的自主创新能力,进一步加强知识产权保护不容懈怠。  相似文献   

17.
对所有权结构与公司绩效问题的研究,国内外学者的结论并没有达成统一.本文通过对经典理论模型的扩展和推导,建立了控制权、现金流权与公司绩效之间的关系假设,然后以沪深两市中2004-2007年的147家民营上市公司为样本,采用面板数据的分析方法,从最终控制人的角度考察了所有权结构与公司绩效之间的关系.本文发现,最终控制人的控制权比例与公司绩效负相关;最终控制人的所有权(现金流权)比例与公司绩效负相关;最终控制人的控制权与所有权的偏离程度与公司绩效负相关.这一结论说明,现阶段我国民营上市公司中所有权结构尚不合理,公司内部治理机制尚不健全,最终控制人可能采用"掠夺式分红"、金字塔式控股等方式侵占中小股东的利益,进而损害企业价值,造成公司绩效偏低.  相似文献   

18.
文章研究了三地上市银行和房地产公司股票之间的收益关系,发现三个市场的银行股票收益都显著地受到房地产股票波动的影响,并且利用三地数据的结构性差异点,确定了次贷危机发生作用的时点.对比次贷危机前后的三个市场银行股和房地产股票收益的关系后发现,代表银行股收益对房地产股波动敏感性的回归系数在次贷危机后均有所增大,显示美国和中国的银行业所面临的房地产风险已经由非系统性风险转变为系统性风险,其风险敞口在加大.  相似文献   

19.
The theory of planning horizons and their relation to pricing, conscience and learning has been explored in some detail in terms of efficiency attributes and ecological health (Jennings 2003, Journal of Economic Issues 39:365-373, 2005, 2007a, b, 2008a). This paper addresses the equity implications of planning horizons in terms of the social role and importance of justice, rights and capabilities in a free market economy. From my earlier work, cooperation—not competition—is seen as the means to longer and broader horizons in an efficiency frame, mitigating any alleged tradeoff against equity issues. The impact of longer horizons on fairness and justice in terms of intentions and outcomes along with rights and capabilities still remains unexplored. This paper reviews the normative aspects of planning horizons, showing how ethical and ecological conscience spreads with horizon effects, strengthening goals of fairness and the internalization of social effects. In this setting, capabilities and empowerment are enhanced by respect for human rights, as social conscience spreads through interhorizonal complementarities. The features of a long-horizon world differ from myopic contexts, specifically in the relation of efficiency to other goals. This paper examines that difference in terms of its equity aspects, with regard to social justice and the role of rights and capabilities in economic cultures.  相似文献   

20.
文章通过凯恩斯的资本边际效率(MEC)理论探讨了经济危机发生的条件、可能区域以及演进的机理,并对次贷危机进行了实证考察.文章认为,次贷危机是在美国政治周期推动下,制度结构和社会条件变迁改变危机进程所造成的危机叠加.在此基础上,文章对流动性过剩说、经济结构失衡说、负债消费模式说、国际金融体系说、新自由主义制度说等观点进行了辨析.  相似文献   

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