基于产品生命周期的汽车售后配件库存管理策略研究

库存管理是供应链管理的核心内容,传统的库存管理方法很少会考虑产品的生命周期。文章以汽车售后配件为例,具体分析了其产品生命周期不同阶段的划分和特点,以及在生命周期的各个阶段所应采取的库存管理方法和策略。     

供应链战略联盟生命周期研究

供应链战略联盟的演变和其他任何自然系统一样,有着其发生、发展乃至终结的生命周期。文章从供应链战略联盟的定义出发,分析了供应链战略联盟不同生命阶段的特点,实际阐述了供应链战略联盟在企业中的运用情况。借助传统生命周期的理论方法,以联盟利益最大化为判刺标准,理性企业为研究前提,对供应链战略联盟的生命周期进行界定,在一定程度上辅助了企业在不同生命周期阶段转换时的决策工作。     

基于碳足迹的再制造产品供应链碳成本模型构建

为了解决废旧产品资源浪费和量化环境污染问题，建立了基于碳足迹的再制造产品供应链碳成本模型。首先，基于碳足迹的理论基础，采用生命周期方法根据目的的确定、计算边界的确定、碳排放源分析、计算方法的选择，结合再制造产品的特点，将碳足迹的核算分为四个阶段。根据再制造产品生命周期建立了回收拆解阶段、生产制造阶段、产品销售阶段、使用维护阶段的生命周期碳足迹核算模型。基于碳足迹核算模型，对考虑碳足迹的再制造产品供应链碳成本分析求解。最后，通过列举案例，分析计算出再制造产品供应链碳成本，验证了基于碳足迹的再制造产品供应链碳成本模型的可靠性。     

面向供应链的质量管理

分析了供应链质量管理活动的特点提出了供应链质最管理的概念,讨论了产品全生命周期内质量保证与供应链孕育、构建和运行三个阶段的相关关系,提出了基于质量环的供应链生命周期模型。     

产品生命周期对配送网络设计的影响

为了在当今竞争激烈的市场环境中持续保有较大竞争优势,供应链中企业的配送网络设计必须考虑产品特征与顾客需求的关系.当产品经历整个生命周期不同阶段时,其市场需求的变化往往具有较大不确定性,因此,企业的配送网络必须动态地与产品需求特征进行匹配,才能具有最大的竞争力.本文讨论了配送网络的不同选择以及这些配送网络适合的产品类型,分析了在产品生命周期的不同阶段,如何设计合适的配送网络.最后,以制药业为例来具体分析产品生命周期不同阶段对配送网络设计的影响.     

高新技术企业生命周期纳税筹划

高新技术企业与传统企业不同,其所研制和生产的产品或者其所处的行业未必已经发展成熟。它们不像传统企业一样投资一条生产线去生产一种技术已经成熟、市场前景完全明朗的产品。因此,高新技术企业的生命周期与其所研制和生产的产品存在同步关系,产品的生命周期可划分为开发阶段、成长阶段、成熟阶     

消费类电子产品供应链策略研究

在借鉴马歇尔·费舍尔(MarshallL.Fisher)基于需求不确定性的供应链设计理论的基础上,结合消费类电子产品生命周期各个阶段的特点,提出与消费类电子产品生命周期各阶段相匹配的供应链策略.消费类电子产品制造企业只有与供应商、分销商一起结成互利的供应链,整个供应链系统的有效性才会得以提升,产品才更具竞争力.     

基于生命周期分析的绿色供应链管理研究

绿色供应链管理被认为是企业实现绿色化的最有效的工具之一。生命周期分析是对产品或服务在其全生命周期内各个阶段对环境影响识别和评价的一个工具,文章首先分析了生命周期分析与绿色供应链管理的概念及两者之间的并行性关系,然后对生命周期分析在绿色供应链管理的应用领域、模式及设计进行了分析研究。     

消费类电子产品供应链策略研究

在借鉴马歇尔·费舍尔(Marshall L.Fisher)基于需求不确定性的供应链设计理论的基础上,结合消费类电子产品生命周期各个阶段的特点,提出与消费类电子产品生命周期各阶段相匹配的供应链策略。消费类电子产品制造企业只有与供应商、分销商一起结成互利的供应链,整个供应链系统的有效性才会得以提升,产品才更具竞争力。     

供应链可持续发展改进的工具——生命周期管理

通过案例研究,引入了生命周期管理的概念,分析了不同情况下的生命周期管理协议,比较了目前使用的不同生命周期管理工具的优势和劣势,对比传统环境管理工具,强调了生命周期管理工具在改进供应链中产品和材料的可持续性方面是一个重要的替代办法。基于上述讨论,发现不同的供应链成员会选择不同生命周期管理工具,尽管其在较长的供应链中已取得很大进展,现在仍需要对各种生命周期管理的管理协议加以完善。     

Working capital management in the automotive industry: Financial value chain analysis

Financial value chain analysis is used to examine working capital management by cycle times in the value chain of the automotive industry during 2006–2008. The applied method offers a holistic view of the value chain from raw materials to the end customers. The average cash conversion cycle of the value chain of the automotive industry was 67 days. According to the study, the change of cycle times of working capital followed mainly the change of cycle time of inventories. The position of the stages of the value chain measured by the cash conversion cycle did not change substantially from 2006 to 2008.     

以郑州日产为例探索调达物流的应用条件

随着汽车行业竞争的日益剧烈,国内外主机厂纷纷开始寻找汽车供应链的优化方案。其中,库存水平与运输成本是其关注的重中之重,但二者是一对矛盾体,存在此消彼长的关系。调达物流利用其规模经济性,可以有效地解决这一矛盾,使主机厂以适当的运输成本,大幅降低其库存水平。尽管调达物流有诸多好处,但由于各个主机厂自身情况的复杂性,其实施调达物流的效果也不尽相同。文章将参考郑州日产实施调达物流的经验,探索调达物流在汽车行业的应用条件,以期为同类企业实施调达物流提供一定的指导。     

An empirical analysis of green supply chain management in the German automotive industry

The purpose of this paper is the empirical investigation of the status quo of green supply chain management in the German automotive industry from a practitioner's point of view. Several aspects of green supply chain management, such as the point of time of implementation, the driving forces, the relevance of intended goals and their particular realization and the adoption of eco‐programs with suppliers and customers as well as internal and external barriers are analyzed. Furthermore, the link to different performance criteria is tested by inductive statistics in order to show the potential of green supply chain management for competitiveness. For this study, managers from the automotive supply industry in Germany were asked about their estimations in this regard. The main conclusion is that managers express the need for green supply chain management on the one hand but also see corresponding problems in terms of required resources on the other hand. Furthermore, the analyses show that green supply chain management leads to higher performance in terms of several performance criteria. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Business strategy for sustainable development: Impact of life cycle inventory and life cycle impact assessment steps in supply chain design and planning

Sustainability reporting has become a central instrument in displaying a company's strategy and engagement with a more sustainable society. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an important tool in this context as it is aimed to analyze the entire life cycle of the product/service, instead of focusing on one focal firm. However, the lack of standardized guidelines in its application raises questions regarding the usefulness and validity of results. This study contributes to the improvement of sustainability reporting through the identification of the uncertainty sources in life cycle methodologies that have the biggest impact in the definition of business and environmental strategies, exploring a supply chain‐oriented analysis. The focus is on life cycle inventory (LCI) and life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). A multiobjective optimization‐based methodology is applied to a supply chain case study in the pulp and paper industry. Environmental and economic objectives are considered. Results show that different LCIA methods and different normalization data sets result in significantly different business and environmental strategies. However, different system models and cultural perspectives at the LCI step and variations in the characterization factors tend to lead to the same decisions. Important insights are gained regarding the impact of nonstandardized analysis of the application of LCA in supply chain design and planning decisions and consequently on business strategy definition and sustainability reporting. Furthermore, the importance of operations research methods to improve LCA‐based studies and of bridging the gap between LCA and supply chain management bodies of knowledge is highlighted in this work.     

Fine tuning the dinosaur? Environmental product innovation and strategic threat in the automotive industry: A case study of the Volkswagen Audi Group

The environmental impacts associated with the life cycle of the automobile are pronounced. Indeed, many environmentalists suggest that through its lifetime the core product of the automotive industry is the most polluting product on earth. This paper analyses the response to such criticism from one particular automotive manufacturer, the Volkswagen Audi Group. The paper charts the improvements that are being realised by VW throughout the life cycle of the car, particularly in relation to product use and disposal. It is suggests that the efforts of the automotive industry to reduce its environmental impact through incremental improvements in the environmental efficiency of each car are continually undermined by an overall increase in the level of transport. Thus, it is concluded that the ability of the automotive industry to manage the life cycle impact of its product is severely constrained unless it can dramatically influence the demands of its customers, and that potentially this is an issue of fundamental strategic importance for the industry as a whole.     

Improving agility and resilience of automotive spares supply chain: The additive manufacturing enabled truck model

The global supply chain disruption by the COVID-19 pandemic is difficult, if not impossible, to estimate as over 94% of the top 1000 fortune companies were badly affected. The need for building resilient supply chains to mitigate the effect of such disruptions is rising rapidly than ever before across the global business spectrum. Building resilience in the automotive spare parts (ASPs) supply chain is critically important as any disruption to automotive spares supply chain will affect the operations of the logistics sector, the backbone of global supply chains. This research work contributes to improving the resilience of the automotive spare parts supply chain by proposing a Viable Supply Chain (VSC) framework design that incorporates Additive Manufacturing (AM) enabled trucks in the automotive spares supply chain network. Based on the proposed model, conceptual case models are developed and tested with proposed AM enabled truck manufacturing closer to end customer. A heuristic approach called shortest time heuristic is also proposed to solve the routing and scheduling of an AM enabled truck to deliver customers’ orders of the spare parts through an online platform. Importantly, the study demonstrate how additive manufacturing can help the ASPs industry to switch from the existing practice of make-to-stock to a more efficient inventory management and cost saving make-to-order model while also achieving resilience and sustainability in by providing a source of spares support for discontinued models of vehicles.     

循环型物流运行模式及实现路径

传统物流业忽视了环境成本．对经济社会发展产生了消极的影响,因此构建循环型物流业迫在眉睫。在介绍循环型物流内涵与特征的基础上,分析了基于供应链和基于产品生命周期的循环型物流运行模式,并提出了政府要积极引导、创造良好外部环境,企业实施绿色经营策略,倡导消费者绿色需求、绿色消费三个方面来构建循环型物流。     

产品导向的供应链策略

分析了企业与顾之间的差异,指出供庆链是连结两者的桥梁,在分析顾客市场变化的基础上探讨了供应链的相应变化,对不同产品以及同一产品的不同寿命周期阶段进行了分析比较,提出了相应的供应策略。     

Exploring the circular economy paradigm: A natural resource-based view on supplier selection criteria

The paradigm of circular economy and the transfer of its principles to supply chain management has recently received much attention from researchers and practitioners. Limited natural resources, governmental legislation, and social responsibility for environmental preservation are the main factors for the development of circular supply chains. Especially in the automotive industry, critical materials are used to produce electric vehicles, reinforcing the importance of circularity for the industry. As the first stage of the supply chain, suppliers have a considerable influence on creating self-sufficient production systems, and in the automotive sector, a low level of vertical integration is important. Therefore, selecting suppliers is an enabler for circular supply chains, but this decision is a complex process due to multiple, partly conflicting criteria. To contribute to the knowledge in this research area, this study applies a fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory approach for supplier selection in a circular supply chain in a case study of electric vehicles. First, a set of criteria for supplier selection in circular supply chains was identified based on a literature review and was systematically categorized based on the natural resource-based view. Afterward, the criteria were assessed and refined by experts with a strong procurement background in the automotive industry. Second, the experts were interviewed for value collection, and finally, the mutual influence of the criteria was determined. The results show that the most important criteria for circular supplier selection in electric vehicle supply chains are environmental standards, environmental-related certifications, resource consumption, and waste generation. Regarding the natural resource-based view, short-term focused criteria addressing the capability of pollution prevention have a higher importance compared to long-term criteria that drive sustainable development. In addition, this study classifies the criteria into the categories of causes and effects, discusses the prominence of the criteria, and presents a strategic map showing the mutual influences of the criteria. The results contribute to the theoretical and practical discussion on circular supply chains by identifying the key criteria for circular supplier selection and providing decision-making support for procurement managers.