决策能力、风险偏好与风险资本

本文根据资产组合选择理论和资本资产定价模型的思想内核 ,通过引入“最佳预期”概念 ,分析了资本市场效率、投资者决策能力和风险偏好对投资收益的影响 ,得出在完善市场上 ,投资收益主要取决于投资者的风险偏好 ,在不完善市场上 ,投资收益则取决于投资者的决策能力和风险偏好。通过进一步分析风险资本市场的特性 ,讨论了决策能力和风险偏好在风险资本形成中的作用。研究表明 :风险资本是一种融财务资本、人力资本、声誉资本为一体的复合型资本 ,其高额收益源于风险投资者的人力资本。本文的一些发现为解释风险投资领域有关普遍现象提供了新的视角     

Venture Capital and Capital Allocation

I show that venture capitalists' motivation to build reputation can have beneficial effects in the primary market, mitigating information frictions and helping firms go public. Because uninformed reputation‐motivated venture capitalists want to appear informed, they are biased against backing firms—by not backing firms, they avoid taking low‐value firms to market, which would ultimately reveal their lack of information. In equilibrium, reputation‐motivated venture capitalists back relatively few bad firms, creating a certification effect that mitigates information frictions. However, they also back relatively few good firms, and thus, reputation motivation decreases welfare when good firms are abundant or profitable.     

中国风险投资入冬

曾几何时,互连网的热潮似一夕之间从大洋彼岸席卷而来,让国人在还没有完全准备好的时候便俨然获得了与美国新经济平起平坐的机会,空气中到处弥漫着狂热与躁动的气息,对许多人而言,梦想的实现似乎变得触手可及.     

Labor Rights,Venture Capital,and Firm Performance

We investigate the role of labor unions in the performance of venture capital (VC)‐backed firms. Using a large sample of initial public offering firms from 1983 to 2013, we find that VC‐backed firms in highly unionized industries have lower Tobin's Q and are less likely to survive. This effect is robust to endogeneity concerns and to controlling for industry and firm characteristics. The findings suggest that strong labor rights impede innovative firms’ performance and survival, thereby adversely affecting innovation, economic growth, and employment.     

Optimal Investment,Monitoring, and the Staging of Venture Capital

This paper examines the structure of staged venture capital investments when agency and monitoring costs exist. Expected agency costs increase as assets become less tangible, growth options increase, and asset specificity rises. Data from a random sample of 794 venture capital-backed firms support the predictions. Venture capitalists concentrate investments in early stage and high technology companies where informational asymmetries are highest. Decreases in industry ratios of tangible assets to total assets, higher market-to-book ratios, and greater R&D intensities lead to more frequent monitoring. Venture capitalists periodically gather information and maintain the option to discontinue funding projects with little probability of going public.     

风险资本、制度效率与企业投资偏好

风险资本在促进经济转型和企业可持续发展中有重要作用。现有研究主要集中在风险资本对改善公司治理、提高投资效率等整体性影响,尚未深入到具体投资活动。本文以A股公司为样本,基于投资偏好,考察风险资本改善企业投资效率的内在方式。结果发现,有风险资本参与的企业长期投资强度更高而短期交易水平显著降低,尤其是资本性支出显著高于没有风险资本参与的企业;并且在制度效率较好的地区,上述影响更为明显;联合投资方式和风险资本的国有背景,均能对长期投资强度产生显著正向影响,但没有证据表明外资背景的风险资本具有显著影响投资决策的能力。考察风险资本对成熟企业投资偏好的影响,为探索风险资本促进传统产业转型升级提供了可行方向。     

Post-IPO Operating Performance, Venture Capital and the Bubble Years

Abstract:  We analyse the post-issue operating performance of 316 venture-backed and 274 non-venture UK IPOs 1985–2003. The finding of a statistically significant five-year, operational decline exhibited over the full sample period is not robust. Rather it is driven by the dramatic underperformance during the 1998–2000 bubble years while IPOs perform normally in the remaining years. Cross-section regression results indicate support for venture capital certification in the non-bubble years but a significantly negative relationship between operating performance and venture capitalist board representation during the bubble years. The bubble year underperformance is explained by market timing and by low quality companies taking advantage of investor sentiment.     

创业投资与产业投资组织结构比较研究

从组织结构来看，创业投资对传统的产业投资组织理论提出了挑战。理论研究主要集中在三个方面：委托代理理论、投融资理论与法人治理结构。从实证角度来看，传统产业投资与创业投资组织结构模式有不同的选择，这也决定了两者不同的绩效。比较国内创业投资与产业投资组织结构模式的不同选择。提出了一些建议。     

Public Policy for Venture Capital

This paper proposes a simple partial equilibrium model to investigate the effects of government policy on venture capital backed investments. Giving up an alternative career, entrepreneurs focus their effort on a single, high risk venture each. Venture capitalists acquire an equity stake and offer a base salary as well. In addition to providing incentive compatible equity finance, they support the venture with managerial advice to raise survival chances. We analyze several policy measures addressed at venture capital activity: government spending on entrepreneurial training, subsidies to equipment investment, and output subsidies at the production stage. While these measures stimulate entrepreneurship, only cost-effective government services can improve welfare.     

创投风向标

2012年VC和pE行业将面临洗牌阶段,对于那些具有比较好业绩、团队和品牌的投资方,肯定是有利的。而企业对上市的估值预期以及企业对融资的估值预期,应该有一个下降。"金融机构要创新商业模式、积极探索对战略性新兴产业的投资市场的机制,要充分利用我国体制优势,加强与政府、企业和科技界的合作,组织力量对战略型新兴产业的关键技术进行突破。"科技部火炬中心副主任、中国科技金融促进会风险投资专业委员会秘书长修小平女士在日前举     

Syndication in Venture Capital Financing

We examine syndication in venture capital (VC) investments between 1980 and 2005. We argue that VC firms syndicate investments to mitigate human capital and financial constraints within individual VC firms and to reduce uncertainty about firm value. Our results are consistent with those arguments. We find that syndication is more likely for firms in the earliest stage of development and firms in the last stage of development as private firms (when human capital investments are greatest), for firms requiring the largest amounts of financial capital, and for firms with greater growth opportunities (those that are most difficult to value).     

寻求风险资本的日子

"转换科技公司"(Transition Technology Inc.,以下简称TTI)在1987年初开始寻求风险资本,直到212天后终于获得3i Venture(以下简称3i)等提供300万美元风险资本的全过程,是一个比较常规的风险投资过程,但其中的曲折历程也颇耐人寻味.     

创投关注“她经济”

她经济悄然到来。据国内市场研究机构CTR的调查数据显示,大约每3位企业中高层管理者中就有一位是女性,每4位女性当中就有一位具有大专以上学历,每10位女性当中,就有一位个人月收入在5000元以上!更有数据显示:目前中国女性每年的消费额是男性的7倍,女性消费已经成为市场上一个新的经济增长点。而女性作为主要的消费群体,消费方式也正从满足温饱向提升和体现生活品     

2008年8月中国投资报告

2008年8月,中国境内共有9家机构成功上市,共募集金额37.01亿元人民币。其中在国内A股上市的企业为6家,共募集金额31.24亿元人民币,在香港、纳斯达克、欧交所创业板及新加坡上市的各有1家。     

首届中国创业投资行业峰会暨评优表彰颁奖盛典——“十二五”创投的使命、挑战与策略

首届中国创业投资行业峰会暨评优表彰颁奖盛典,由国家发展改革委主管批准、十五部委联合指导、中国投资协会创业投资专业委员会主办的中国创投行业最高规格年度盛会。敬请您关注和光临。2011年7月29日北京国家会议中心July 29,2011 China National Convention Center,Beijing     

Liquidity,Technological Opportunities,and the Stage Distribution of Venture Capital Investments

This paper explores the determinants of the stage distribution of European venture capital investments from 1990 to 2011. Consistent with liquidity risk theory, we find that the likelihood of investing in earlier stages increases relative to all private equity investments during liquidity crisis years. While liquidity is the main driver of acquisition investments and, to some extent, of expansion financings, technological opportunities are overall the main driver of early and late stage venture capital investments. In contrast to the dotcom crash, the recent financial crisis negatively affected the relative likelihood of expansion investments, but not of early and late stage investments.     

Taxation and Venture Capital Backed Entrepreneurship

In recent years, venture capital has increasingly become a factor in the financing of new firms. We examine how the value of mature firms determines the incentives of entrepreneurs to start up new firms and of venture capitalists to finance and advise them. We examine how capital gains taxes as well as subsidies to start-up costs of new firms affect venture capital backed entrepreneurship. We also argue that dividend and capital gains taxes on mature firms have important consequences for start-up firms as well.     

创业投资的博弈分析

从信息经济学的角度探讨了运用博弈论来分析创业投资运作的理论基础，结合实际情况建立了创业投费的多阶段动态博弈模型以及古诺模型，并得出了相应的结论。     

Convertible Securities and Venture Capital Finance

This paper offers a new explanation for the prevalent use of convertible securities in venture capital finance. Convertible securities can be used to endogenously allocate cash‐flow rights as a function of the state of the world and the entrepreneur's effort. This property can be used to induce the entrepreneur and the venture capitalist to invest efficiently into the project. The result is robust to renegotiation and to changes in the timing of investments and information flows. The model is consistent with the observations that conversion is often automatic and that convertible securities are rarely used by outside investors.