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1.
Aija Leiponen 《战略管理杂志》2008,29(13):1371-1394
This empirical study of business‐to‐business service firms examines the determinants and effects of control rights to intellectual assets in a property rights theoretic framework. Regression analyses using survey data suggest that service suppliers that retain control over their intellectual output are more innovative. In long‐term relationships, service firms' clients may thus be better off balancing their need to control outsourced activities with the suppliers' incentives to invest in learning and innovation. Additionally, and aligned with property rights theoretic predictions, service suppliers' bargaining power and their indispensability in service projects are positively associated with their ability to retain control rights. In contrast, innovation capabilities are not very significant in determining control rights allocation between service suppliers and their clients. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Research Summary: We study how internal agglomeration—geographic clustering of business establishments owned by the same parent company—influences establishment productivity. Using Census microdata on the population of U.S. hotels from 1987-2007, we find that doubling the intensity of internal agglomeration is associated with a productivity increase of about 2% in pre-existing establishments. We consider several mechanisms that may be driving the productivity effect and find evidence consistent with the idea that an economically meaningful component of the productivity effect is due to knowledge transfer between internally agglomerated establishments. We replicate our main findings with Census microdata on the full population of U.S. restaurants from 1987-2007, suggesting that the internal agglomeration effects we document may generalize broadly to other industries with multi-unit firms. Managerial Summary: Internal agglomeration is the geographic clustering of business establishments owned by the same parent company. This paper uses detailed Census data on hotels and restaurants to show how internal agglomeration influences performance. Interestingly, knowledge sharing between owned establishments in the same metropolitan area appears to be a key driver of the internal agglomeration effect. 相似文献
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近年来,知识产权与经济增长的关系,知识产权制度对经济发展的贡献度,已日益成为国内外学界、业界重点关注的问题。本文基于交易效率的角度,运用中国经济发展的实际数据,实证分析了知识产权保护水平强度对经济发展的影响。研究认为,交易效率的提升是经济发展的推动力;没有交易效率的提升,就没有持续协调的经济发展。知识产权保护的前提是提高交易效率,否则这种保护将不利于经济发展。 相似文献
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Expansive patent portfolios may be used by firms to fence off technological space for commercialization, impede the commercialization efforts of competitors, and enhance bargaining power in cross‐licensing negotiations. Low quality patents with claims that overlap those of other patents contribute to these portfolios and patent strategies. By failing to disclose known relevant prior art during the patenting process, inventors and their firms may be granted low quality patents with intellectual property claims which would not otherwise have been granted. We find that the failure of inventors to disclose known relevant prior art increases as they gain experience with the patenting process. Such failure is also greater among inventors employed by relatively small, poorly performing firms that rely on outsourced legal counsel during the application process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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甘肃省作为中国西部欠发达的省份,其经济的发展一直受到政府的重视;根据中国历年经济发展统计数据来看,制造业在其生产总值中一直占有着较大的比重,我们运用张卉(2007)修正的产业地理集中指数对甘肃省24个制造行业2005~2009年的集聚程度进行了测定。结果显示,甘肃省的制造业的集聚程度有所下降并趋于稳定,整体上已经具备了产业的地理集聚并有进一步均衡化的趋向。 相似文献
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This study shows that firms in the pharmaceutical industry experience decreasing returns to scale in R & D as the level of R & D expenditures rises. The paper presents the results of our study of the innovative output of 16 pharmaceutical firms over a 19 year period. Given the strong correlation between R & D budgets and firm size, our study suggests the wave of mergers in the industry may yield less innovative productivity than managers expect. 相似文献
7.
推动经济增长的主导因素由传统的劳动力、资本积累向创新要素数量与网络化程度转变。从来源看,区域创新源于区内自主创新与区外创新溢出。区域自主创新能力直接受创新要素禀赋条件的影响,集聚经济因素通过空间外部性作用直接影响区域创新要素集聚能力与水平。同时区域经济发展过程中形成的空间依赖产生区间创新溢出;对外开放过程中产生创新的国际溢出,都对区域创新绩效产生重要影响。实证分析结果表明,从整体上看,集聚经济与创新溢出皆对区域创新绩效有显著影响。因此,应通过强化集聚经济效应,构建开放式创新环境,提高吸收能力以充分利用创新溢出效应,并促进企业价值网与区域创新网“两网合一”,降低交易成本,不断提升区域创新绩效。 相似文献
8.
徐元 《地质技术经济管理》2011,(3):77-81
在国际贸易中,因知识产权滥用而导致的知识产权纠纷时有发生。我国学者对知识产权滥用这一问题的认识并不一致,主要有否定说、狭义说和广义说三种代表性观点。在广义理解的基础上,对我国企业在对外贸易中遭遇的知识产权滥用的具体表现形式进行了简要的归纳和分析。 相似文献
9.
Integrating the impact of both resource and institutional factors and taking into consideration potential agency problems, this study proposes to investigate the joint effect of both related and unrelated diversification strategies on firm performance in an emerging economy setting and to assess empirically the hypothesized relationship using Chinese firms. The empirical results support the basic contention that both resource building and utilization through concentration and related diversification and institutional environmental management through unrelated diversification are important for firm performance in emerging economies but they must be considered together. This paper concludes with a discussion of its contributions, practical implications, and directions for future research. 相似文献
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Mona V. Makhija 《战略管理杂志》2004,25(3):243-267
Although the value creating effect of firm restructuring which results in a reduction of internal markets (including spin‐offs, carve‐outs and other divestitures) is generally well accepted for U.S. firms, there is little evidence on the extent to which such arguments can be extended to firms in emerging economies. This study addresses this void in the literature by examining the issue of restructuring in the newly emerging economy of the Czech Republic. Several hypotheses relating to internal and external markets in emerging institutional environments are developed and tested using a large database of original and restructured Czech firms undergoing privatization. After controlling for factors such as size and performance, it is found that restructuring significantly reduced the value of firms, despite the general belief that Czech firms emerging from the communist era were highly overdiversified. This finding, while contradicting a majority of the work on restructured firms in the United States, nonetheless supports the notion that sizeable internal markets play an enhanced role in underdeveloped institutional environments. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This paper examines how knowledge created by firm experience (learning economies) and scale and scope economies affect performance in firms' development activities. The empirical results suggest that each factor has a significant effect on development performance. Moreover, knowledge that results from greater experience within a particular technological area, when combined with knowledge spillovers from greater scope in other technological areas, significantly improves development performance. The results suggest that experience shapes and facilitates firms' abilities to absorb knowledge spillovers. Our empirical findings thus provide a more nuanced examination of the drivers of performance and have implications for the management of firms' development activities. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Many entrepreneurs in developing economies face unstable environments due to violence and civil unrest. Yet, we know very little about how environments characterized by high levels of political and civil violence affect new venture processes and survival. Moreover, it is unclear whether standard theories about organizational strategy, such as planning, hold true in such environments. We explore these issues using a sample of 730 new ventures in Colombia from 1997 to 2001. We find that political and civil violence decreases firm survival, increases the benefits of incremental (operational) planning, and decreases the benefits of comprehensive (strategic) planning. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
Because agglomeration economies may create competitive advantage and each location has a unique array of agglomeration economies, where should firms locate? We combine fundamental economic and strategy concepts to: (1) determine when firms must locate proximately to access factor pools; (2) show that factor pools controlled by fewer firms are less useful to new entrants; and (3) demonstrate that certain firms risk aiding competitors when contributing to efficient factor pools. We find support for our predictions with a test on new U.S. manufacturing entrants from 1985 to 1994, using an empirical specification that separates agglomeration levels from agglomeration economies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
金融集聚的内在动因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
金融集聚形成动因问题上,本文对国际金触中心形成的微现理论基础进行了探讨.从金融本身的特点出发,本文提出了如下观点:(1)金融集聚作为产业集聚的伴随物,随着产业集聚的形成而发展;(2)金融本身的高流动性加速了金融集聚;(3)金触成长至高级阶段成为经济主导与核心,其对经济的主导性促进了金融集聚.从空间经济学及相关的视角来看,本文认为:(1)集聚的空间外在性是金融集聚形成的基础;(2)不对称信息与默示信息所要求的金融主体的空间邻近促使金融集聚的形成;(3)金融规模经济(内部规模经济与外部规模经济)促使金融集聚的形成. 相似文献
16.
Stephen Petrina Kenneth Volk Soowook Kim 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2004,14(3):181-204
What do we know about technology and rights? This article provides a fairly comprehensive overview of current issues regarding this topic. We explore and analyse a wide spectrum of rights that are challenged in this current era of technological convergence. We use the United States Bill of Rights as an example of the vulnerability of legal protections for rights against particular political and technological changes in this post 9-11 climate. New streams of rights acting as a safeguard against further incursions of technology into civil liberties are explored. We also address intellectual property rights and international trends in copyright, patent and trademark laws. We question whether these issues of technology and rights have a place in current technological literacy scenarios. 相似文献
17.
Research summary : Existing research describes a broad range of determinants of new product development (NPD), a fundamental competitive activity of firms. A considerable share of this work has occurred in the context of developed economies, raising a concern that some important determinants may remain unexamined. We suggest that one such determinant is competition from informal (unregistered) firms. Drawing from the attention‐based view, we investigate the effects of informal competition on NPD in a large sample of firms located across Eastern Europe and Central Asia. We examine not only the direct effect but also how this effect is moderated by characteristics of the competitive and institutional context. Managerial summary : The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between competition from informal (unregistered) firms and new product development (NPD) by formal firms. We argue that NPD is an effective response to differentiate from informal firms, and our analyses of over 9,000 firms located in emerging economies across Eastern Europe and Central Asia indicate that NPD activities are more likely in formal firms who rate informal competition as a greater obstacle. The strength of this direct relationship depends on aspects of the competitive and institutional environment: it is weakened when levels of competition from other formal firms are higher, when alternative responses such as corruption are more available, and when managers are more optimistic about the regulatory environment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
Frode Steen 《Review of Industrial Organization》2002,21(1):3-20
In this paper we analyse how vertical industry linkages maywork as channels for externalities. We test for activity based externalities stemming from outputgrowth and output level in vertically linked industries. Moreover, by comparing resultson localised inter-industry externalities as well as significance of local sales linkages,we try to reveal the strength of self-reinforcing agglomeration forces. A number of Norwegianmaritime transport and services sectors are analysed. The results are promising inthe sense that the model allows us to distinguish empirically between different sources ofexternalities, and unveils the extent to which vertical industry linkages give rise to self-reinforcingagglomeration. 相似文献
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Extant literature holds that firm acquisitions create value through innovation if the knowledge bases of the acquirer and the target complement each other. Little is known about the value that patents associated with a target's knowledge convey to the acquirer, i.e., their value in securing market exclusion and freedom to operate in R&D. We argue that such property rights hold preemptive power allowing firms to capture the value from combining complementary technologies and to realize gains from trade in strategic factor markets. Our results for a sample of 1,428 acquisitions indicate that—controlling for technological value—acquired preemptive power is an important determinant of the acquisition price, particularly when the acquirer is technology intensive and acquired patents are highly related to the acquirer's knowledge base. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献