网络效应、消费偏好与标准竞争

完全信息静态标准竞争可能产生三种市场格局：技术标准市场不存在、个体标准并存、强势标准阻止弱势标准进入。强制标准化的错误来自两个方面：选择了错误的个体标准即弱势个体标准的标准化，错误地选择了标准化，即优势个体标准的标准化市场的社会福利低于竞争市场的社会福利。     

京津冀地区经济差距及财税政策调控研究

随着社会经济的全球化发展,区域经济一体化成为一种必然趋势,逐渐受到越来越多人的重视,但基于我国国情,各地区经济的不均衡发展也是无法避免的,经济差距过大会给区域经济的发展带来不良影响,进而制约我国社会经济的全面发展。本文通过对京津冀地区经济发展现状进行分析,详细阐述了造成三地经济差距的主要原因。在此基础上,本文通过财税政策对京津冀地区经济差距的影响的深入研究,并针对该区域的财税政策进行分析,提出了缩小京津冀地区经济差距的有效措施。     

金融化一定会损害企业价值吗——基于生命周期视角的实证研究

文章以中国A股市场的制造业企业为样本,实证研究企业金融化对企业价值的影响.研究发现:金融化与企业价值之间存在倒"U"型关系;基于生命周期理论,金融化与企业价值的非线性关系在成长期、衰退期依然显著,在成熟期不显著.最后,产品市场竞争在企业金融化和企业价值之间存在中介效应.本文揭示了金融化对企业价值的非线性影响以及其传导机...     

我国移动通信企业竞争模型及其策略——基于产品质量差异的分析

我国移动通信市场呈现典型的双寡头竞争结构。移动通信企业的实际经营状况表明.我国移动通信企业竞争问题不能用经典的伯川德模型解释。在分析影响移动通信市场企业竞争因素的基础上.本文建立了考虑产品质量差异的我国移动通信企业竞争的纳什均衡模型。通过对模型的数值计算与分析,探讨了我国移动通信企业竞争的特征和规律。在运用我国移动通信企业竞争的实际数据进行经验分析并验证了上述竞争模型之后.本文评价和提出了我国移动通信企业的竞争策略。     

Do Merger Efficiencies Always Mitigate Price Increases?

In a Cournot model with differentiated products, we demonstrate that merger efficiencies in the form of lower marginal costs for the merging firms (the insiders) lead to higher post‐merger prices under certain conditions. Specifically, when the degree of substitutability between the two insiders is not too high relative to that between an insider and an outsider, increased efficiencies may exert upward rather than downward pressure on the prices of the merging firms. Our results suggest that in cases where firms engage in quantity competition, antitrust authorities should not presume that efficiencies will necessarily mitigate the anticompetitive effects of the merger.     

How do strategic factor markets respond to rivalry in the product market?

This paper explores the interplay between product market, strategic factor market, and resource development. More competition in the product market makes resource buyers bid higher for resources, as the value of trying to preempt the resources is higher. Holding other initial conditions constant, resources are developed more in industries with factor markets than in industries without. When buyers of resources cannot integrate more than one resource, developers choose to develop either at a low or high level, generating a type of heterogeneity that would not arise otherwise. Changes in the intensity of competition in the product market can have the opposite effect on resource development efforts depending on the presence or absence of factor markets. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The propensity to exit and innovation

In offering an answer to the question, “Who exits and why?”, I introduce a model relating the decision to remain in, or exit from an industry, to conditions of demand and the underlying technology. In particular, I argue that two elements of technology are important — the role of scale economies in an industry and the extent to which the underlying technological information conditions can be characterized by either an entrepreneurial or a routinized regime. Based on the evidence from over 300 U.S. manufacturing industries, I conclude that the process of firm selection and industry evolution tends to conform either to the model of the revolving door, where the bulk of exiting businesses are new entrants, or else the metaphor of the forest, where incumbent establishments tend to be displaced by new entrants.     

虚拟合作竞争：相理、系统模型及实证研究

在网络经济环境下，传统的竞争范式已不适应，一种新的竞争范式——虚拟合作竞争应运而生。本文在有关研究的基础上，对虚拟合作竞争的内涵、特征、主体、客体、市场、虚拟合作关系和虚拟竞争关系进行了较系统地探索性研究，提出了由客户、供应商、互惠者、协力者、替代者、潜在进入者、竞争者7种力量，以及它们相互间基于网络化信息系统所形成的3种虚拟合作关系．以及3种虚拟竞争关系所构成的虚拟合作竞争模型，并以利丰公司为例进行了实证．     

虚拟合作竞争:机理、系统模型及实证研究

在网络经济环境下,传统的竞争范式已不适应,一种新的竞争范式——虚拟合作竞争应运而生。本文在有关研究的基础上,对虚拟合作竞争的内涵、特征、主体、客体、市场、虚拟合作关系和虚拟竞争关系进行了较系统地探索性研究,提出了由客户、供应商、互惠者、协力者、替代者、潜在进入者、竞争者7种力量,以及它们相互间基于网络化信息系统所形成的3种虚拟合作关系,以及3种虚拟竞争关系所构成的虚拟合作竞争模型,并以利丰公司为例进行了实证。     

产品价值网络竞争与后发企业追赶策略北大核心

市场环境的复杂引致产品竞争转变为产品价值网络之间的竞争,后发企业的追赶能力依赖于产品价值网络的竞争力。本文基于博弈理论构建了包含后发企业新产品价值网络和在位企业旧产品价值网络的防降价均衡模型。通过数理推导产品价值网络各主体在降价博弈中的行为选择,进而分析后发企业为引导其他主体协同跟进、成功构建和运营新产品价值网络的策略安排。研究表明后发企业应该:(1)提高与模块供应商、互补品提供商的兼容度;(2)提高新旧产品的兼容度;(3)根据市场份额调整产品价格;(4)根据用户规模把控补贴额度和时间节点。研究结论为后发企业通过产品价值网络竞争实现追赶提供了重要见解。最后,结合华为鸿蒙系统案例分析了后发企业追赶策略的实际应用。     

Does product market competition foster corporate social responsibility? Evidence from trade liberalization

This study examines whether product market competition affects corporate social responsibility (CSR). To obtain exogenous variation in product market competition, I exploit a quasi‐natural experiment provided by large import tariff reductions that occurred between 1992 and 2005 in the U.S. manufacturing sector. Using a difference‐in‐differences methodology, I find that domestic companies respond to tariff reductions by increasing their engagement in CSR. This finding supports the view of “CSR as a competitive strategy” that allows companies to differentiate themselves from their foreign rivals. Overall, my results highlight that trade liberalization is an important factor that shapes CSR practices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Price-Performance Competition and the Merger Guidelines

While analysis of competition among differentiatedproducts has evolved under the revisions to theMerger Guidelines since 1982, it remains adhoc. This paper argues that price and performancecompetition among differentiated products is the rulerather than the exception and proposes methods toexplicitly analyze both forms of competition. Themethods address price and performance competition indemand and supply, explicitly incorporatingcompetitive responses as called for by the 1992 Guidelines. Empirical implementation is discussed for a specificmarket.     

石化产品的结构优化模型

石化产品及主要原料－原油的价格变化速度较快，这就要求企业根据市场变化及时进行产品结构调整。结合一个具有代表性的石化企业实际，运用优化方法，以原油加工量、产品收率为主要指标进行石化产品结构优化，为企业生产决策提供可靠的依据。     

“We do what we must,and call it by the best names”: Can deliberate names offset the consequences of organizational atypicality?

Research summary: This article focuses on organizational naming as a strategic choice organizations make to overcome liabilities of atypicality. We argue that, in markets presenting an “illegitimacy discount,” atypical organizations may use deliberate names—names that communicate the market categories to which organizations claim membership—to offset the consequences of atypicality. Using data from the global hedge fund industry, we show that atypical hedge funds are more likely than typical funds to have deliberate names. Importantly, the selection of a deliberate name is economically significant. First, funds with deliberate names grow faster than funds without deliberate names, especially among atypical funds. Second, while atypicality heightened the likelihood of failure during the recent financial crisis—even after controlling for fund performance—having a deliberate name mitigated this effect. Managerial summary: Differentiation is a core element of many organizations' competitive advantage. Nevertheless, as differentiation implies being atypical among one's competitors, differentiation strategies can also lead to an “illegitimacy discount” whereby differentiators are at risk of being misunderstood, miscategorized, and ignored by consumers. Here we investigate how atypical hedge funds—funds that differentiate themselves from their competitors by investing in notably unique ways—use names to offset the potential consequences associated with the “illegitimacy discount.” Our analysis of more than 12,000 hedge funds over 12 years highlighted a trend whereby atypical hedge funds were more likely to choose names that unambiguously associated them with a known investment strategy—for instance, choosing the name “Apex Global Macro Capital” over simply “Apex Capital.” Importantly, name selection proved to be economically significant. For example, among atypical hedge funds, those with unambiguous names grew faster than those without. Furthermore, while being atypical increased the level of disinvestment during the recent financial crisis, having an unambiguous name reversed this effect. Organizational names play an important communication role with consumers, which, while highly symbolic, may also help resolve the dual organizational need to both conform to consumer expectations and differentiate from market competitors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

创意型企业产品特征及其生产决策研究

本文讨论了精神产品的特点，界定了准精神产品、泛精神产品和创意型企业的概念，分析了精神产品的价值形成过程及其与物质产品价值形成的差异。文章指出创意型企业的人力成本、宣传成本和研发成本在总成本中占的比例都较高，并讨论了它在生产可能性曲线、供给曲线和生产决策等方面特殊的特点和规律。