人民币汇率变动对我国农产品价格传递效应的实证分析

本文基于2005-2008年6月的月度数据,对人民币汇率变动对农产品价格的传递效应进行了实证分析。结果表明:人民币汇率升值将显著提高农产品价格水平;人民币汇率变动对农产品价格的传递效应具有由短期波动到长期均衡的自我修正的动态机制;给定一单位人民币实际汇率变动的冲击,该冲击对农产品价格呈现平稳的正向响应趋势。因此,为稳定农产品价格,应该采取有效措施使得人民币维持在基本均衡、合理的水平上。     

浅论我国部分农产品价格不正常波动成因及解决办法

从今年上半年起,我国农产品就开始出现价格的不断提升,5月份由于采取了强制力措施以后价格有所下降,7月份价格再次反弹。本文对部分农产品价格不正常波动的现状及影响进行了简要概述,并从自然因素、资金流动性过剩、政府调控力度等方面做出简要分析,对抑制我国小宗农产品价格不正常波动,优化相关制度提出建议。     

对中国农产品价格波动和政府调控问题的思考

近年来,中国农产品价格呈现频繁波动、恢复性上涨等特征。通过对农产品价格波动的原因进行分析,提出了政府宏观调控的对策是:应该充分发挥政府的调控作用,积极发展现代农业,增强农业综合生产能力;完善调控手段,增强价格调控的针对性;加大市场价格监管力度,保障价格稳定;完善农产品供求调节机制,平衡市场供求;健全农产品物流体系,降低流通成本。     

浅论我国部分农产品价格不正常波动成因及解决办法

从今年上半年起,我国农产品就开始出现价格的不断提升,5月份由于采取了强制力措施以后价格有所下降,7月份价格再次反弹.本文对部分农产品价格不正常波动的现状及影响进行了简要概述,并从自然因素、资金流动性过剩、政府调控力度等方面做出简要分析,对抑制我国小宗农产品价格不正常波动,优化相关制度提出建议.     

宏观经济景气波动对我国农产品价格的影响

我国农产品价格与宏观经济之间的联动性日益明显,宏观经济景气波动通过农产品产出、农产品需求和政府宏观调控等三种途径影响农产品价格,经济波动与农产品价格存在相互作用关系。在农产品产出传导路径上,经济波动刺激了农产品产出,影响了农产品价格的波动;在农产品需求传导路径上,经济增长促进了城镇居民收入的增加,购买力的加强,刺激了农产品价格的波动;在政府宏观调控传导路径上,经济增长使得国家广义货币供应量增加,货币的超发刺激了经济波动对农产品价格的冲击。     

中国农产品价格波动:供需因素还是货币因素?

本文在SVAR模型和方差分解基础上,利用2003年一季度至2012年四季度数据,分析了短期内供需因素和货币因素对农产品价格波动的影响。结果显示:需求因素对农产品价格波动影响最大,其中生物能源需求是重要原因,而传统消费需求影响减弱;货币因素对农产品价格波动也有较大影响,其中汇率因素是重要原因;供给因素对农产品价格波动影响较小。     

农产品价格上涨不会引起通货膨胀——基于投入产出法价格模型的模拟分析

由于农业产品的生产受季节变动和不规则变动的影响较大,农产品的价格很容易由此而波动。当出现农产品价格上涨时,人们总会担心引起通货膨胀。本文运用投入产出分析模型并使用1992年和2002年我国投入产出表数据,通过计算分析得出农产品及其相关联的部门产品价格上涨对其他部门产品价格变动影响程度很小,因此不会造成全国整体物价水平的大幅度上涨、不会引起通货膨胀的结论。     

货币政策对中国农产品价格波动的冲击效应研究

本文借鉴Frankel[1]的分析框架,构建了货币政策与中国农产品价格之间的数理模型,并运用时间序列分析方法,对1952至2012年中国农产品价格波动的影响因素进行了检验,研究结果表明:(1)无论是长期抑或是短期,货币政策均对中国农产品价格产生了强烈的冲击效应,广义货币供应量增长是导致中国农产品价格上升的关键性因素;在货币流动性泛滥导致的通货膨胀压力中,农产品价格比较敏感脆弱极易受到影响而产生剧烈波动。(2)从长期来看,中国农产品价格波动还受到财政政策、人民币汇率的影响;从短期来看,财政支出的扩张对中国农产品价格的上涨起到了助推作用,而汇率的冲击则并不显著;此外,农产品产量无论在长期还是短期都已经不是导致中国农产品价格波动的重要因素。(3)基于1999年1月至2012年12月数据,运用邹氏断点检验方法证明了我国2009年2月之后快速的货币供应量是导致本轮农产品价格剧烈波动最主要的因素;另外工业品出厂价格、国际农产品价格和人民币实际有效汇率也对本轮农产品价格波动产生了正向冲击效应。     

中国农产品价格的理论研究综述

近年来中国农产价格剧烈波动,使其成为目前学术界关注的焦点。从农产品价格波动的原因、影响、国外管理农产品价格的经验和稳定农产品价格的措施四个方面对国内专家学者的研究成果进行了综述,形成了如下认识：通货膨胀会带来农产品价格上涨,但农产品价格上涨不是形成通货膨胀的主因;稳定稳产品价格最为关键的是平衡农产品供求,其他的措施是围绕着这个目标而展开的;农产品价格作为百价之基,涉及的利益面太广,大幅上涨不现实,促进农民增收的作用有限。     

农产品价格波动的原因、影响及对策——以甘肃省武威市为例

近几年以来,我国农产品价格在全国范围内出现了大幅波动。这种大幅波动如果不能有效控制,农户、消费者乃至我国的宏观经济都将深受其害。文章通过对地处西北内陆的武威市农产品价格波动的原因和影响的分析,提出稳定武威市农产品价格的对策。将有利于正确引导农业生产和农产品流通,实现农产品区域供求平衡;有利于政府部门调整农业结构,有效解决三农问题。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.