试论跨国公司海外市场进入的模式选择

邓宁的国际生产折衷理论是当前跨国投资经营的理论基础之一。由对此理论的两个拓展可以得出跨国公司选择进入海外市场的方式主要流程及各关键的影响因素。当前跨国公司海外市场进入方式主要有设立合资公司或独资子公司、收购与兼并、技术转移等,不同的市场进入模式各有其自身特性。市场进入方式的选择是跨国公司海外市场进入战略的核心部分,值得公司综合内外部环境因素仔细斟酌予以取舍。     

外向型企业集团国际市场的进入模式分析与选择

<正> 企业集团具有参与国际竞争的技术、资金、人力及规模优势,一旦确定进入国际市场,它们就将面临如何选择进入模式的问题,即以何种方式从事国际市场的经营活动。企业集团进入国际市场有三种典型的方式:出口、海外直接投资(包括合资与独资经营)、许可证贸易。本文重点对占有某些专有技术和具有明显技术优势的外向型企业集团,如何选择进入国际市场的模式等问题,进行分析与探讨。一、进入模式特性分析不同的国际市场进入模式是与不同的控制水平、资源委     

服务业企业海外市场进入模式选择的理论分析

海外市场进入模式的选择是企业国际化战略的核心组成部分。由于产业特性、知识和技术等方面的差异,导致服务业企业在海外市场进入模式的选择上与制造业存在不同,同时服务业本身也不是同质的,不同类型的服务业企业由于内在属性的不同,其国际化战略和海外市场进入模式也不一样。     

跨国零售企业本土化实证研究

零售本土化是跨国零售企业海外经营过程中需要解决的一个难点问题.本文选取家乐福作为研究对象,通过比较家乐福在中国市场高度本土化的策略和在韩国市场高度全球化的策略,导致不同的经营结果,说明了跨国零售企业进入与母国市场差异较大的海外市场时实施有效的本土化策略的重要性,同时也分析了本土化的模式与程度.     

中国企业海外并购

一、中国企业海外并购的动机1.1寻求海外市场中国企业进行海外收购往往是为了避开各类贸易保护壁垒,直接进入当地市场(钱志清,2000),从而达到巩固和扩大原有市场,开辟新市场的目的。对于处于成长性行业的企业而言,跨国并购可获得的增长可能要比在新的领域或新的市场自行开拓,获得发展花的成本更低,时间更少,同时能够利用原有网络渠道迅速克服那些造成企业迸入市场增加消耗的因素。企业通过跨国并购可以迅速获得新的市场机会。1.2寻求资源我们这里的资源主要是指企业的战略资源,它包括有形资源、财务资源、人力资源以及组织资源。实现企业的…     

零售企业核心竞争力的跨国转移:一个理论框架

本文认为零售企业的核心竞争力是由外显竞争力要素和内含竞争力要素复合累积而成的动态竞争力,在跨国转移过程中,不同要素的标准化程度与本土化程度有所不同.有效的核心竞争力跨国转移受东道国环境因素和零售企业自身因素的影响.东道国环境因素包括文化环境、制度环境、经济环境、技术与基础设施环境;零售企业自身因素包括核心竞争力的情景嵌入性、企业学习能力和国际化经验.最后,作者提出了零售企业核心竞争力跨国转移过程的框架.     

社会网络嵌入对零售专业技能本土化的影响——以家乐福在中国市场为例

在经济全球化的背景下,世界零售巨头纷纷实施国际化战略来谋求经济利益最大化。但基于东道国与母国市场环境的差异,跨国零售商往往不能将在母国市场发展起来的专业技能完全移植到东道国市场,有效运用本土化策略显得尤为必要。文章从社会网络嵌入的视角出发,通过对家乐福在中国市场发展的案例分析,发现跨国零售企业进入海外市场后,将嵌入到一个全新的社会网络中,只有有效利用由社会网络带来的社会资本与知识资源优势,才能有效的实现零售专业技能的本土化。     

我国石油企业海外投资模式的选择

海外投资这项工作在我国宏观调控中的展开,不仅可以保障我国石油的供给安全,而且也可以增强我石油企业的竞争力。它鼓励企业到海外区寻求稳定的石油来源,从根本上实现石油进口的多元化。选择什么样的投资模式对石油企业海外投资影响较大,投资模式的特点,影响投资模式的因素等是必须要考虑的。一、石油企业海外投资模式的特点石油企业的海外投资模式有以下几种：石油企业进入国际资源流通市场、参与海外跨国投资项目,进行资源贸易交流及其融通服务。且同时具有海外跨国投资的特点和石油企业自身的特点。（1）投资模式形式多样。丰富的石油公司海外跨国投资模式,提供投资实体根据自己的条件和合理的机会选择并匹配这些投资模型。（2）投资模式切实可行。实际的投资模型必须有可能在这个国家进行资源开发。（3）投资模式灵活多变。灵活多变的投资模式能更好的适应变化万千的市场形势,规避经济风险,最终能节约成本。     

网络零售商与传统零售商自有品牌战略比较研究——以京东商城与华润万家为例

互联网时代网络零售商取得长足发展,并对传统零售商带来较大冲击.在此背景下,自有品牌战略将成为决定网络零售商与传统零售商市场竞争优势的重要影响因素.以京东商城(网络零售商)和华润万家(传统零售商)为例,从自有品牌模式选择、市场定位、商品组合及品牌开发、营销战略等视角对两者的共同点与差异性进行比较.结果表明:网络零售商的自有品牌开发与营销优势更为明显,而传统零售商的市场定位更为准确.只有准确把握各自的自有品牌战略,才能有效提升企业核心竞争力,进而促进零售商可持续发展.     

跨国公司股权进入模式影响因素理论述评

股权进入模式日益成为跨国公司开拓国际市场、扩大其市场的主要手段。同时跨国公司投资都处于东道国的大环境中,因此在选择股权进入模式的时候将不可避免地受到东道国宏观环境的影响,其中就包括政治、经济、社会文化和技术等因素的影响。本文将从影响股权进入模式的不同因素出发,在对已有的理论进行回顾和评述,解释跨国公司从股权低控制模式(合资)向高控制模式(独资)转变这一现象。     

Brown＇s Blossom in Britain-China

The overall strategic relationship between U.K. and China is ＂better than ever＂, China- Britain relations have maintained good momentum, with increased high-level exchanges and the reinforcement of strategic mutual trust, with more room for growth in the future.     

Challenge and Opportunity Go Hand in Hand——What Global Economic Agitation Brings to the China's Economy?

Domino effects of the global finance agitation As the origin of the subprime crisis,US financial institutions lost USS45 billion last year,accounted for over half of the total US,EU & Japan loss.Since January 15th,Chtigroup released its financial statement of the 4th quarter,showing a net deficit of USS9.83 billion,which marked the hisoric high of its quarterly deficit.     

Sinosteel：Extraordinary Moves in Industry Chess

Among the Fortune 500 firms,more and more images from China emerge out.On the 2008 list,Sinosteel Corporation,a landmark group of China industries quietly squeezes into the candidate line.As the largest steel service ＆ trade enterprise,its sales reached at RMB 111.24 billion,with a year-on-year increase of 83.03 percent,and the profit grew by 180.03 percent.On the Sinosteel 2008 Work Meeting,the president Huang Tianwen uttered,＂In the coming year,we will work for US$20 billion sales,and look forward to getting a position in Fortune 500 firms for ourselves.＂     

Walk Through Unusual Five Years—— An Exhibitor＇s Canton Fair Course

When the 103rd Canton Fair is approaching, an old friend of Canton Fair, Li Ying from Jiangsu prov-ince recollected his past five years＇ experiences to the grand trade meeting. Each year is special, with some unforgettable memories colored by the year.     

Jean-Pierre Duprieu： Willing to Be A Legate of Sino-French Business

Estaing, former French president, Valery Giscard d＇Estaing attended Sino-French Economic Seminar held in Shanghai in early April and said that the world center has shifted from the west to the east with many European and US companies entering into Asia, and China has the ability to play an important role in the world stage. Estaing, naming himself＂French Confucian＂, then said in Chinese that a cook-group includes 10 people in ancient Chinese soldier system and the cook is in charge of cooking for them. And people who belong to the same cook are actually ＂Partners＂.     

China''''s Stock Market Wave

The annual meeting of the World Economy Forum was held in Davos,a little town in Switzerland,on January 23rd to the 27th this year,with the theme"the Power fo Collaborative Innovation",over 2500 celebrates from ture political and cconomic circles of more than 80 countries and challengred logether to talk about the future of the global economy in 2008,A Forum for the problems and challenges that face whole world,some of the keywords which drew attention during the event were:the U.S.subprime mortgage crisis,soaring energy prices,the economic slowdown in the U.S.ermerging economic bodies,authority funds and the general unpredictable nature of the global economy.     

Trade Promotion from Neighborhood

If you are considering to trade with companies in Japan or expanding your .business to Japan, we are ready to help from the very beginning.＂ You will find this greeting at the first sight on the Chinese website of Japan External Trade Organization （JETRO）. JETRO has committed itself in delivering highly efficient and quality services to meet the demand of internal and external customs including Japanese companies, hence winning a good reputation in the international trade arena. In recent years, with its priority in advancing business cooperation in South and East Asia, JETRO has made great achievement in promoting trade between China and Japan. Therefore, China＇s Foreign Trade interviewed Mr. Yoichi Maine, Deputy Director General of JETRO BEIJING.     

Auto Parts Market Potential Coming into Surface

Looking at the increasingly fierce competition in the world auto market. global automobile manufacturing industry, taking Europe, the U.S. and Japan as representatives, is gradually forming a new type of relationship, mutual cooperation between whole vehicle and parts manufacturers. We can clearly see that auto parts manufacturers have become independent from the whole vehicle manufacturing companies, which means that the former structure of auto industry has greatly changed, and a new relationship,     

Domino Effect on Electricity and Coal Prices

In the middle of last December, the key purchase contracts for coal used in power generation in 2008 were signed, reflecting a demand for more than 1.085 billion tons. It is important to note that the country＇s five biggest power producers, China Huaneng Group, China Guodian Corporation, China Power Investment Corporation, China Huadian Corporation and China Datang Corporation, had settled on the prices on their purchase contracts, and they are expected to consume 290 million tons of coal for generating electricity,     

Slimmed May Day Holiday

Last November the State Council of China decided to renew its holiday system by reducing the seven-day May Day holiday to three days and introducing three new one-day public holidays, namely the Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Moon Festival. By doing so, the three golden-week holidays that were introduced in 1999, namely the Spring Festival, May Day and National Day, could be better distributed.