Regulatory fallacies in global telecommunications: the case of international mobile roaming

International mobile roaming cartel agreements prompted the EU to intervene, firstly encompassing competition law measures by a cartel exemption, then initiating several competition proceedings based on the accusation of abuse of a dominant market position, and finally applying price regulations of increasing scope. The paper exposes the temporary market power regulations, including the designated local break out measures, as insufficient and misleading. The solution is to solve the cartel problem at its root, permitting visiting customers the freedom of choosing between their home operator and alternative carriers from the visited country by the implemention of carrier portability.     

Russian knowledge-intensive services in international trade

This paper reviews the share of the Russian sector of knowledge-intensive services in the global market. The dynamics, structure, and geography of import-export operations in this sector is analyzed. The effectiveness of measures aimed at incentivizing the Russian export of knowledge-intensive services is assessed from the perspective of foreign trade institutions and tax mechanisms.     

Wage and employment effects in the EU of international trade with the emerging economies

The paper investigates whether significant HOS effects are present in the EU from trade liberalization with the emerging economies. Regarding wage inequality, there is only evidence of a trade-induced technological change, but biased towards thelower-skilled-labor-intensive sectors. Relative wages in the EU member states are not affected differently. Trade liberalization under ‘European assumptions’, however, could affect primarily relative factor demand. A flexible cost function approach shows that import competition from the emerging economies influenced relative labor demand in favor of the higher skilled, implying an intrasectoral rather than an intersectoral specialization in skill-intensive activities. JEL no. F11, F14     

Trading firms in the services sectors: comparable evidence from four EU countries

We establish a set of stylised facts for trade and trading firms in five market services sectors using comparable firm- and activity-level data from four EU countries. Our analysis shows that exports account for much lower shares of overall sales in the services sectors than in manufacturing. This is because fewer firms are engaged in trade in the services sectors and also because within particular sectors firms trade a lower share of their sales on average. Services producers trade mostly goods, but in terms of value, trade in services is much more important to them than to manufacturers. Larger and more productive firms are more likely to be two-way traders and to engage in both goods and services trade. Trade by services firms is somewhat less dominated by firms that both export and import than trade by manufacturing firms. Few firms export many services or to many countries. The value of services exports is increasing in the number of markets served but not necessarily in the number of services traded.     

服务业对外直接投资:一个国际比较

随着世界各国产业结构的调整和服务业自由化进程的加速，服务业对世界经济、国际贸易和世界对外直接投资的作用日益增强，服务业本身也因为纳入国际经济竞争体系而得到了长足发展。与此相对，我国服务业的发展却大大落后于世界水平，尤其是在服务业的对外直接投资领域严重滞后。     

Russian market of transport services in international container transportation

The paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the corridor of Euro-Asian transport links in comparison with other international routes and identifies the factors constraining the development of transit container transportation and establishment of effective mechanisms ensuring the competitive advantages of the Russian route.     

How Sensitive is FDI to Differences in Corporate Income Taxation within the EU?

Differences between corporate taxation of EU member states drive a wedge between after-tax and pre-tax productivity. This implies that productivity could be increased by reallocating capital from low-tax to high-tax member states. Moreover, the integration of the EU capital market may trigger tax competition among member states. The responsiveness of investors to taxation is crucial for the importance of both the misallocation of capital and the extent of tax competition. In this paper we measure this responsiveness by examining the relation between FDI positions and effective corporate income tax rates. Our estimates show that investors from one EU member state increase their FDI position in another EU member state by approximately four percent if the latter decreases its effective corporate income tax rate by one percentage point relative to the European mean.     

The distribution of power within the EU: perspectives on a Ukrainian accession and a Turkish accession

International Economics and Economic Policy - On February 28th, 2022, Ukraine submitted an application concerning accession to the European Union. As Ukraine is already linked to the European Union...     

天津滨海新区发展服务外包的优劣势分析及对策建议

国家“十一五”规划纲要中明确提出,“鼓励外资参与软件开发、跨境外包、物流服务等。建设若干服务业外包基地,有序承接国际服务业转移”。天津作为我国服务外包基地城市之一,应切实抓住全球以现代服务业及高端制造业和研发环节转移为特征的世界经济新一轮产业转移的重要机遇,积极承接国际服务外包业务转移,增强天津承接服务外包的竞争力,促进经济的快速全面发展。     

Patterns and determinants of international fragmentation of production: Evidence from outward processing trade between the EU and Central Eastern European countries

Patterns and Determinants of International Fragmentation of Production: Evidence from Outward Processing Trade between the EU and Central Eastern European Countries. — In this paper we investigate a specific form of international fragmentation of production, that is, the form giving rise to international trade for reasons of processing. Data on textile and apparel trade between EU countries and Central European countries show that the magnitude of trade for reasons of processing greatly overshadows that of final trade. The industry appears to be affected by a process of international fragmentation whose understanding requires a new definition of the concept of comparative advantage. Our analysis suggests that this fragmentation is activated by labor cost differentials as well as by reasons of geographic and cultural proximity.     

The political economy of services trade liberalization: a case for international regulatory cooperation?

Little progress has been made since the creation of the WTOon expanding and deepening the coverage of services liberalizationcommitments. This paper identifies and discusses five hypothesesthat may explain the absence of dynamism: (i) technologicalchanges allowing ever more services to be traded cross-borderunaffected by policy; (ii) strong incentives to pursue liberalizationon an autonomous basis (unilaterally); (iii) perceptions thatbilateral or regional cooperation are a good substitute forthe WTO; (iv) standard political-economy factors, such as adjustmentcosts and resistance by incumbents to erosion of rents; and(v) concerns that the WTO will affect the ability of regulatorsto enforce national norms. We argue that all of these explanationsplay a role, and that some of these factors significantly impedethe scope for reciprocal exchanges of ‘concessions’—theengine of WTO negotiations.     

Fiscal Sustainability in the EU

We assessed the sustainability of fiscal policy in the 28 European Union countries over the 1980-2015 years. Panel unit root tests in the presence of cross-sectional dependence showed that government revenues, expenditures, the primary balance, and debt were non-stationary series. However, cointegration tests reveled that a long-run relationship exists between government revenues and expenditures as well as between government primary deficit and debt. The results of causality tests were in line with the neutrality hypothesis: government revenues do not cause the expenditures, and vice versa. Furthermore, mixture models analyses indicated the presence of three homogeneous clusters, one of which included Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain (PIIGS), whose coefficient of 0.68 indicates the absence of sustainability, since government expenditures grow faster than revenues.     

基于Unity3D虚拟校园漫游碰撞检测的研究

在三维虚拟校园中漫游,物体之间的碰撞是避免不了的,为了让用户更好地体验虚拟校园,防止出现穿墙的发生,让场景中物体间的碰撞真实还原现实中的碰撞是很有必要的。文章就基于Unity3D搭建的虚拟校园探讨其在漫游时的碰撞问题。     

绵阳科技城与国际接轨的发展目标分析

国务院副总理李岚清同志在建设绵阳科技城座谈会上指出:“经过若干年不断创新、不断努力,踏实工作,把绵阳市率先建设成中等发达国家那样的水平的中小型科技城市是能够做到的”。实际上,国家领导已经为绵阳科技城的发展目标作出了具体的可以比较的规定。而在现实中,我们面临的问题是,“发     

Measuring the Economic Costs and Benefits of the EU

The EU has pursued protectionist policies not merely in food but also in manufacturing at the customs union level. In services it has not dismantled much of the existing national protectionism. The economic costs are calculated here at some 3% of GDP for the UK and some 2% for the rest of the EU. Added to its social interventionism, these costs suggest that the EU has put political integration before economic efficiency. This paper draws heavily on my book with Vidya Mahambare and Eric Nowell (Minford et al., 2005). I am grateful for helpful comments to Kim Huynh, Michele Fratianni and other participants at the IU 2006 conference in Fratianni’s honour. I contributed this paper in recognition of many pleasurable discussions with Michele over the years on this and many other topics. JEL Classification Numbers: F13, F14     

欧盟区域间集体安全的构建——基于欧盟在非洲危机管理行动经验分析

欧盟区域间集体安全是欧盟在共同安全防务政策的制度和区域间合作框架中形成的对外危机管理概念。欧盟在非洲的危机管理行动经验表明,作为普遍性集体安全与区域性集体安全的"中间体",它既有集体安全的共同逻辑,如主权国家通过组织化的集体行动应对战争或其他大规模暴力的发生,具有大国主导和利益导向等特征;又有普遍性和区域性集体安全的共有特征,如依据《联合国宪章》等通行的国际法来指导其行为;也有区域性集体安全的共同特征,如拥有独立的制度框架和冲突预防的机制化;更有显著的"自我特性",如超国家机构的引入,综合安全方法和安全部门改革的机制化,军事权力、民事权力、规范权力的综合运用以及有效多边主义下的包容性进程等。作者认为,虽然欧盟区域间集体安全亦有明显的局限性,如行动的选择性、军事能力的不足、决策的单向性等,但它构建起了一种新的集体安全实践模式,进一步丰富了集体安全的内涵。