A path analytic model of store loyalty involving self-concept,store image,geographic loyalty,and socioeconomic status

A model is introduced which posits that store loyalty is primarily determined by store-image evaluation and shopping-complex loyalty. Store image-evaluation, in turn, is hypothesized to be determined, to a major extent, by self-image/store-image congruity, and shopping-complex loyalty by area loyalty and socioeconomic status. The model was tested using a path analytic procedure and the results were consistent with the model. A replication study was attempted and the results reinforced the validity of the proposed model.     

品牌个性一致性与体验对品牌忠诚的影响——基于娱乐性网站的研究

基于品牌个性、品牌体验的相关文献,以娱乐性网站为主要研究对象,构建了网站品牌个性一致性、品牌体验对品牌忠诚影响的结构方程模型,以此来研究品牌个性一致性、品牌体验如何影响品牌忠诚。研究对初始构建的结构方程模型进行了修正,并探讨了口碑和品牌认同的中介效应。研究表明：网站品牌个性一致性显著地影响网站品牌忠诚;品牌体验对认同和口碑行为有正向影响作用;网站品牌体验对品牌忠诚的直接影响并不显著,而是通过口碑行为的中介作用影响品牌忠诚。     

Salesperson learning,organizational learning,and retail store performance

Salesperson learning has the potential to contribute to the competitive advantage of the firm by increasing its capacity for organizational learning. The relationship between employee and organizational learning is often taken-for-granted, yet the relationship between the two is complicated. The transfer of individual learning to the organizational level can not always be assumed. The authors examine this relationship, focusing on the facilitating role of organizational climate for learning and information dissemination efficiency in translating salesperson learning to organizational learning. The model, tested using a sample of 422 respondents from 113 retail stores in a national chain, is partly supported. Individual learning was found to be postitively associated with organizational learning and organizational climate for learning had a positive moderating effect on this relationship. The hypothesized moderating effect of information dissemination efficiency was insignificant. Implications for theory and management are discussed.     

The antecedents and consequences of manufacturer–distributor cooperation: an empirical test in the U.S. and Japan

We develop a conceptual model for studying the antecedents and consequences of achieved and optimal levels of manufacturer–distributor (M–D) cooperation. We hypothesized that levels of market turbulence, competitive intensity, and the manufacturing firm’s strategic type (i.e., prospector, analyzer, or defender) affected the optimal level of M–D cooperation. We also hypothesized that the level of under- and overachieving the optimal levels of cooperation negatively affects firm performance. The conceptual model is tested using empirical data collected from 295 manufacturing firms in the U.S. and validated using data collected from 104 distributors in the U.S. We also collect data from 255 Japanese manufacturing firms and 98 Japanese distributors. The empirical results support the model’s hypotheses with only one unexpected finding: in the Japanese sample, overachieving the optimal level of cooperation has a greater negative effect on performance than underachieving. We conclude by discussing theoretical and managerial implications.

零售业顾客体验对顾客忠诚的影响路径研究

零售业整体消费具有向更高体验层面发展的趋势.基于体验-情感-满意-忠诚的框架,构建偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型进行实证分析,结果表明;正向情感、负向情感和特色感知均对顾客满意,进而对顾客忠诚产生显著影响;各体验维度中,信任承诺和关联对正向、负向情感均有影响,而特色感觉、选择掌控影响正向情感,空间感觉、知识影响负向情感.可见,消费者对零售企业的满意度不只停留在服务质量评价层面,而有在购物过程中追求体验的趋势.因此,基于体验-情感-满意框架的模型比服务质量-满意模型更具预测优势.     

When consumers complain: A path analysis of the key antecedents of consumer complaint response estimates

When do consumers complain? This study probes this question by developing a conceptual framework that includes multiple theoretical perspectives, empirically testing a portion of the proposed model, and using dissatisfaction/complaint data from three different service industries. The hypothesized model uses multidimensional consumer complaint response estimates including voice, private, and third-party responses as dependent variables. Results support several proposed relationships, provide a high level of explained variance, and indicate a moderating role for dissatisfaction intensity. The complaint response estimates are characterized by disparate influence pathways, and expectancy value judgments emerge as critical determinants with positive and negative crossover effects. Attitude toward complaining is more dominant under low dissatisfaction intensity than it is under the high dissatisfaction condition. Important differences emerge across service categories. Implications of this work for managers and researchers in understanding when consumers complain are enumerated.     

Word-of-mouth communications in marketing: a meta-analytic review of the antecedents and moderators

Although word-of-mouth (WOM) activity has been studied as an outcome variable of other constructs such as satisfaction, less attention has been given to the antecedents and moderators of WOM when considering WOM as a central construct. Hence, we propose a model of WOM antecedents and moderators using a meta-analytic review. The results show that all antecedents have significant effects on WOM activity, with customer commitment showing the strongest effect. The following hypotheses are also supported: (1) WOM valence is a significant moderator, (2) cross-sectional studies show a stronger influence of satisfaction and loyalty on WOM activity than longitudinal studies, and (3) studies of WOM behavior show a weaker link between loyalty and WOM activity than studies of WOM intentions. In addition, we show that satisfaction has a stronger relationship with positive WOM than loyalty, whereas (dis)loyalty has a stronger relationship with negative WOM than does (dis)satisfaction. We discuss this finding based on the different natures of positive and negative WOM. This article is based on the first author’s dissertation.     

Voice,exit, and negative word-of-mouth behaviors: An investigation across three service categories

Drawing upon Hirschman’s (1970) framework for Exit, Voice and Loyalty, a model is proposed which predicts and explains variation in voice, exit, and negative work-of-mouth behaviors. The findings from extant consumer complaining behavior (CCB) literature are also incorporated into the hypothesized model. Using data from customer dissatisfaction with three different service categories, the proposed model is subjected to empirical investigation. Despite the parsimony of Hirschman’s framework, results show that the hypothesized model provides good model-fit indices in each of the three data sets. In addition, the explanatory power of the model is encouraging, ranging from 36 percent to 50 percent variance explained. However, the support for the hypothesized pattern of CCB rates across the service categories is mixed. Specifically, while voice responses conform to the hypothesized pattern, exit responses do not. Implications stemming from a comparative analysis of the results are discussed, and directions for future research outlined.     

旅游产业发展、收入分配失衡及其社会福利效应

针对我国不同地区旅游业发展、收入分配不均衡的现象,将旅游收入、收入分配引进福利函数,构建旅游产业、收入分配、社会福利影响的一般均衡模型,对旅游业发展、收入分配失衡的社会福利影响进行理论分析显示:旅游业发展对旅游目的地经济增长存在正面影响,增加其社会福利,但对其收入分配失衡产生显著的负面影响,间接地对旅游目的地居民的社会福利产生负面影响。基于四大世界双重遗产地、张家界等旅游区的实证资料验证了该内在影响的存在性,该研究为不同旅游目的地旅游产业发展战略制定提供理论与实证基础。     

Consumer online privacy concerns and responses: a power–responsibility equilibrium perspective

We use the Power–Responsibility Equilibrium (PRE) framework and advance that consumers balance perceived deficits in privacy protection by power holders (businesses and regulators) with defensive actions. In our model, consumer privacy concern is the endogenous mediating entity linking business policy and regulatory perceptions to negative online user responses. The model was empirically tested and confirmed in an experimental setting. In a second study, we added the nature of consumer information involved into a sub-model. Here, we investigated the moderating role of information sensitivity and congruency on the business policy–concern relationship across three industry contexts. Both hypothesized two-way interactions were confirmed, suggesting that a strong business policy is effective in reducing concern when low sensitivity data are gathered, but insufficient in reducing concern for highly sensitive data. Furthermore, concern increased dramatically when sensitive data were collected that were incongruent with the business context.     

股价对利率敏感吗——-基于股改后数据的ＳＶＡＲ模型分析

采用我国股权分置改革后的数据构建ＳＶＡＲ模型,分别从利率、物价对股价的传导机制以及股价对利率、物价的反馈机制进行实证分析,可发现利率对股价存在负向冲击,且存在时滞性;物价对股价存在负向冲击,且存在短期效果;股价对利率和物价存在正向冲击。股改后利率与我国股票市场的相互作用机制符合经济学的基本理论。     

Self-congruity versus functional congruity: Predictors of consumer behavior

Four studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that (1) consumer behavior is more strongly predicted by functional congruity than by self-congruity, and (2) functional congruity is influenced by self-congruity. The pattern of the results provides support for hypotheses.     

中国经济金融化与城镇化的空间计量分析——基于直接效应与间接效应分解

在理论分析经济金融化影响城镇化机制的基础上,运用我国省际面板数据建立空间计量模型,并采用直接效应和间接效应分解的方法来探寻经济金融化对本区域和邻近区域城镇化发展的影响效应及特征。研究发现,经济金融化对本区域城镇化的影响存在着倒"U"型的非线性转换特征。当经济金融化水平未达到倒"U"型曲线的顶点以前,对该区域城镇化的影响效应显著为正;而其跨越"U"型曲线的顶点后,对该区域城镇化发展的负面效应便开始显现。但值得注意的是,其对邻近区域城镇化影响的非线性特征并不显著,而是存在显著的、线性的负向关系,会制约邻近区域城镇化的发展。此外,工业化和农业人力资本两个控制变量对本区域和邻近区域的城镇化影响效应均显著为正。     

本地市场需求、产业集聚与地区工资差异

本文基于新经济地理学模型,利用1998～2008年中国省级面板数据,对本地市场需求、产业集聚与工资水平之间的关系进行了实证检验。就全国和地区层面的实证结果表明,国内市场需求规模对工资水平具有显著为正的影响,而国外需求对工资水平的影响不显著;制造业集聚对工资水平的影响为负,而服务业集聚的工资效应为正,尤其在东部地区的作用最强;教育水平、物质资本投入对中西部地区工资的正效应大于东部地区,地区财政支持对西部地区工资的影响最小。因此,本文认为充分利用本地市场规模、发展服务业集聚是缩小地区间工资差距的重要途径。     

成本差异对双寡头企业行为的影响分析

文章构建了生产成本不对称双寡头研发生产模型,采用逆推归纳法求解模型的Nash均衡解,研究了生产成本差异系数与参与程度、研发水平、产量间的关系。研究结果表明,生产成本差异系数与研发水平间呈正向关系、与参与程度和总产量间呈负向关系。     

论一般均衡中的违约

人们通常认为违约对经济只有负面影响。但是，经济中实际上允许存在一定程度的违约，如公司股东的有限责任制度。GE（R，λ，Q）模型将违约因素纳入一般均衡模型进行考察，认为在不完全市场情况下，违约对经济存在一定的积极作用，表现在违约增加了可交易证券的供给，实现了更加有效的风险分担，提高了经济效率。然而．违约在增加证券供给的同时，也相应增加了经济的总体风险，使经济变得更加不稳定。因此，对违约现象进行适度惩罚，将违约水平限制在社会可接受的范围内，违约对经济的积极作用才能得到体现。     

The effect of incidental affect on preference for the status quo

The authors report results from four experiments that describe the influence of incidental affect on preference for the status quo. The first and second experiments, each using different affect induction methods, demonstrated that positive affect increased and negative affect reduced the choice of the status quo alternative. The third experiment replicated the effect of incidental affect on a separate dimension of status quo bias, the preference of omission. The last experiment investigated whether preference for the status quo was affected by four specific emotions that differed along valence and certainty appraisal dimensions. Compared with affective states associated with uncertainty, affective states associated with certainty led to a greater magnitude of status quo bias. The certainty appraisals mediated the effect of specific emotions on preference for the status quo, regardless of the emotion valence. The findings extend our knowledge by showing that incidental affect can influence consumer choice through emotion-related appraisals.     

民族地区居民旅游发展态度及资源保护行为影响因素研究

以典型的民族地区居民为例,通过对假设关系的验证性分析,研究居民地方感、社区参与对旅游影响感知各个维度、态度及资源保护行为的影响及其机理,并就研究结果做出形影行为分析,可在保护民族传统文化和社会风情的基础上,为促进居民持有积极的旅游发展态度并支持当地旅游事业的可持续发展提供科学基础。     

中国保险业发展影响因素实证分析

本文研究了现阶段影响我国保险业发展的主要因素,并通过建立计量分析模型进行了实证分析,结果显示现阶段我国保险业的发展主要受居民收入水平、社会固定资产投资以及通货膨胀的影响,其中居民收入水平、社会固定资产投资与保险市场成正相关的关系,通货膨胀与其成负相关的关系。     

权利成本分析的困境与限度——评《权利的成本:为什么自由依赖于税》

对于权利的论述可谓汗牛充栋,主要可分为内部视角与外部视角两种。而内部视角又可分为消极权利学派与积极权利学派。美国的霍姆尔斯和桑斯坦则试图消解积极权利与消极权利二分观,对它们存在的共同预设给予了有力的抨击。然而,他们在实然层面与应然层面相调和的试图却将其理论带进了困境。因此,必须对其理论自身及其有效性的限度进行反思性的剖析。