A HIERARCHICAL THEORY OF THE FIRM*

This paper provides a mathematically coherent and concise formulation of the Williamson market-failure approach and, hence, develops models for single-level and multilevel firms and organizations. These models optimally determine the extent of integration for each viable link on every hierarchical level, When the models are reformulated in terms of four operational parameters that determine integration, applied benefit-cost methods can be utilized, in practice, to model a firm. Both static and dynamiclmodels-are presented.     

LOCATION OF PUBLIC FIRM IN THE PRESENCE OF MULTINATIONAL FIRM: A MIXED DUOPOLY APPROACH*

By incorporating a multinational private firm into the mixed duopoly model with Hotelling‐type spatial competition, we show that the private firm's nationality is a matter of the public firm's location. As the share of foreign capital increases in the private (multinational) firm, the public firm moves to a central place. The effects of price regulation and sequential location choice are also discussed.     

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND THE SMALL FIRM: A REVIEW ARTICLE

H erbert G iersch (ed.) New Opportunities for Entrepreneurship . Tübingen: Mohr, 1984, pp. 262 + vi, DM62 (paperback). C yril L evicki     

FROM PRIVATE BANKING TO CENTRAL BANKING: INGREDIENTS OF A WELFARE ANALYSIS*

An earlier analysis of Cavalcanti and Wallace showing that the set of allocations achievable using outside (government) money is a subset of those achievable using inside (private) money is extended. Here, the class of outside‐money allocations is enriched by allowing the planner to make transfers in the form of outside money. At the same time, punishments for defection are weakened. It is shown that the subset result continues to hold, although for a different reason than in the Cavalcanti and Wallace analysis.     

BANKING CONCENTRATION AND FIRM GROWTH: THE ROLE OF SIZE,LOCATION AND FINANCIAL CRISIS

Using conditional quantile regressions for a panel of listed firms from euro‐area countries in the 2005–11 period, we explore the impact of banking concentration on firm growth between smaller and larger firms; core and periphery countries; in pre‐crisis and post‐crisis years. Our findings reveal that increasing banking concentration favours high‐growth larger‐sized firms located in periphery countries pre‐crisis. By contrast in post‐crisis years increasing banking concentration impacts negatively on low‐growth smaller firms irrespective of location, revealing their vulnerability.     

西方城市营销理论研究进展

随着城市竞争的加剧,城市营销越来越成为地方政府关心的话题。文章对西方具有代表性的城市营销理论进行了综述,认为西方主要的城市营销理论可以分为市场营销学派、规划学派、旅游地营销学派和城市形象学派,并且介绍了各种学派的基本观点,最后提出了今后的研究展望。     

中国农村城市化研究评述

从概念、内涵、动力机制、道路、水平和推进措施等方面对农村城市化研究的争论问题进行回顾,从农民角度针对当前农村城市化的概念之争进行评述,指出根源在于没有从农民的视角来界定农村城市化的概念.在此基础上,农村城市化是农民面对工业化机会和城市化的门槛时的理性反应和自然选择,主体在于农民,根本动力在于转变为产业工人的农民的收入的持续提升;认为农村城市化道路是内生于工业化进程的农民理性选择的结果.     

预算约束与金融制度选择的新理论:文献述评

本文的考察发现,在预算约束与金融制度结构之间存在着十分紧密的逻辑联系,而且国内外不少文献已经围绕于此展开了广泛而深入的讨论。针对预算约束与金融制度选择的关系,现有文献的理论发现大致包括三个层面:第一,虽然缓解乃至消除软预算约束是任何一种金融体系共同面临的挑战,但软预算约束的消除并非一定有利于长期经济增长;第二,分权的或者集权的金融体制都具有"内生性",因此,至少在理论上无法对其进行孰优孰劣的直观评判,同时也无法在它们之间进行简单的复制和移植;第三,金融体系应对预算约束问题的能力要远弱于企业制度,因此,当一个国家面对预算约束问题时,应当首先着手改善微观经济基础的金融需求结构,而不是调整金融供给结构。     

国外银行系统性风险研究综述

2008年金融危机以来,银行系统性风险得到越来越多的重视和关注,出现了大量的相关研究文献。本文在梳理近期国外相关文献基础上,对系统性风险定义、度量方法、传染机制、风险预警、风险监管等方面的新研究进展进行了较为系统的文献回顾与评述,对未来该领域的研究方向进行展望,并就加强中国银行系统性风险研究提出了建议。     

结算货币选择理论研究评述

国际交易媒介职能的发展关乎一国货币的国际化进展程度,该职能的微观市场表现即为国际贸易中企业结算货币的选择。基于此,本文对20世纪70年代发展至今的结算货币选择理论的研究进行了仔细梳理和阐释。伴随着欧元的发展,对该理论的研究经历了从纯理论到理论和实证相结合、从微观和宏观层面的独立研究到宏微观相结合的发展历程。在新开放经济宏观经济学视角下,企业结算货币选择模型将企业结算货币的选择从微观经济学层面转变为宏观经济领域的重要研究变量。文章最后,本文依托于相关理论并结合大量贸易数据,提出制约人民币国际交易媒介职能发展的重要因素即是我国出口产品差异化程度过低,企业缺乏竞争力。