为21世纪的持续发展培育质量专业人才队伍--我国首次质量专业资格考试进入倒计时

我国从今年1月1日起开始实行质量专业技术人员职业资格考试制度的消息发布后,质量工作者们都在关心:今年什么时候进行考试?考试大纲确定了吗?辅导教材什么地方可以买到?什么机构可以进行辅导培训?--现在,这一切都有了答案:我国首次质量专业资格考试大纲、教材已经付印;师资培训将于5月底在北京和上海(上海质量管理科学研究院)举办;第一次考试定于今年9月23日在全国统一进行.     

Retirement policies for the 21st century

As we rapidly approach the 21st century, current human resource management policies emphasizing early retirement may prove shortsighted. Changing demographics and projected labor shortages in certain critical occupations may require a reversal of present early retirement policies. This article reports the views of a national sample of 897 executives on work and retirement. We report their reactions to pressures for early retirement, their responses to proposed incentives to delay retirmeent, and finally, their planned post retirement activities. Their responses have important implications for revising human resource policies in the years ahead.     

21世纪初期中国西部地区城镇发展战略

本文通过对西部地区城镇发展现状的综合分析 ,提出 2 1世纪初期西部地区的城镇发展要以中等城市为核心 ,以中小城市为主导 ,谋求大中小城市的和谐发展 ,构筑完善、有序的城镇体系。     

On the relationship between economic development and political democracy

A politico-economic model is defined, in which consumers, at date 0, decide how much to invest in a firm (and how much of its stock to purchase), whose production possibilities are determined by the outcome of an election, to be held at date 1. At date 1, consumers vote on the level of pollution the firm shall be allowed to emit. There are incomplete markets; the states of the world are the two possible electoral outcomes at date 1, each associated with the victory of a particular party. In turn, the parties represent poor and rich voters; voters’ interests at date 1 are determined by the investments they have made at date 0. Because parties are uncertain about a parameter of voter preferences, the electoral (Nash) equilibrium at date 1 is not median-voter: there are two possible policies (pollution levels), occurring with probabilities that can be calculated. A full equilibrium of the model is an economic equilibrium with incomplete markets at date 0 and a political equilibrium at date 1, each of which induces the other. In a fictional ‘benevolent dictatorship,’ elections are called off, and the dictator announces a pollution policy which is the expected outcome of the would-be elections. By substituting the expected value of a lottery for a lottery, the utilities of citizens, who are risk-averse, increase. There are, however, costs to dictatorship, in the form of the absence of civil liberties. For any economic environment, it is possible to compute the equilibria under democracy and benevolent dictatorship, and to evaluate what coalition of the population prefers one to the other. In this way, the benevolent dictatorship is a benchmark against which to measure the costs of democracy. We examine to what extent the support for democracy, contrasted with benevolent dictatorship, grows among the population as economic development occurs. Development is simulated in five different ways, and it is not unambiguously the case that it induces a growing social preference for democracy. I have benefitted from discussions with A. Alesina and M. Quinzii, from the comments of S. Barbera at the International Economic Association conference on democracy and development (1992), from the comments of Michael Winston at the NBER political economy conference (1992), and from comments by participants at these conferences and at several university seminars.     

Wage inequality, technology and trade: 21st century evidence

This paper describes and explains some of the principal trends in the wage and skill distribution in recent decades. Increases in wage inequality started in the US and UK at the end of the 1970s, but are now widespread. A good fraction of this inequality trend is due to technology-related increases in the demand for skilled workers outstripping the growth of their supply. Since the early 1990s, labor markets have become more polarized with jobs in the middle third of the wage distribution shrinking and those in the bottom and top third rising. I argue that this is because computerization complements the most skilled tasks, but substitutes for routine tasks performed by middle wage occupations such as clerks, leaving the demand for the lowest skilled service tasks largely unaffected. Finally, I argue that technology is partly endogenous, for example it has been spurred by trade with China. Thus, trade does matter for changes in the labor market, but through a different mechanism than conventionally thought.     

21世纪呼唤理论创新

人类发展的局部性与封闭性走向终结 ,相互依存与整体性凸现 ,我们应当以新的思维 ,新的视角 ,重新审视国际关系     

新世纪的区域规划:思路、框架与对策

本文从 2 1世纪的时代特征及对区域规划带来的影响与要求入手 ,回顾与评价了现行区域规划的历史功绩与作用 ,在此基础上概括性地提出了 2 1世纪区域规划的内容框架、体系结构、实施机制等。     

21世纪饭店业的机遇与挑战

在中国经济瞬息万变的今天,饭店业应以创新及变革去对应个性化和多元化需求的发展,顺应知识经济的进步,同时采取国际市场和国内市场并举的经济策略,在满足“涉外”需求的同时满足内需市场,进一步确立可持续发展目标,迎接巨大的市场压力和强劲的挑战。     

抓住机遇 善谋实干 努力推进长春城建事业的跨越式发展

文章指出 ,“十五”期间 ,长春市要大力实施城市布局调整、基础设施建设、环境保护、住宅建设、城镇体系规划、市容管理等工程 ,同时 ,深化投融资、城市管理、公用事业、规划用地审批、住房分配等的制度改革 ,促进城建事业的更大发展。     

虚拟经营——21世纪的制胜之道

文章对虚拟经营进行了详细的说明,介绍了虚拟经营的5种形式,论述了转向虚拟经营的可行性,同时提出了虚拟经营已经成为一种新型的企业运转和管理的模式。随着计算机技术的不断发展,虚拟经营将在现代社会中演绎更重要的角色。     

浅谈21世纪成人高等教育的课程设置

21世纪的成人高等教育课程设置的改革 ,应从两个方面入手 ,首先应将“能力本位”的课程取向改革为以“人为本位”的课程取向。其次要在以“人为本位”的课程取向的基础上 ,从终身教育观的高度 ,进行课程内容的组织与选择。     

对构建21世纪中国会计准则体系的思考

经济全球化的趋势与我国会计制度体系出现了不一致 ,本论文拟探讨一下目前我国会计准则体系中存在的与经济发展不一致的地方 ,如体系不完整、覆盖面窄、权威性不强等。提出完善会计准则体系的几条建议 ,包括与国际接轨、改革准则制定办法和强化准则的权威性等。最后 ,分析一下完善准则体系的意义     

Income growth in the 21st century: Forecasts with an overlapping generations model

We forecast income growth over the period 2000–2050 in the US, Canada, and France. To ground the forecasts on relationships that are as robust as possible to changes in the environment, we use a quantitative theoretical approach which involves calibrating and simulating a general equilibrium model. Compared to existing studies, we allow for life uncertainty and migrations, use generational accounting studies to link taxes and public expenditures to demographic changes, and take into account the interaction between education and work experience. Forecasts show that growth will be weaker over the period 2010–2040. The gap between the US and the two other countries is increasing over time. France will catch-up and overtake Canada in 2020. Investigating alternative policy scenarios, we show that increasing the effective retirement age to 63 would be most profitable for France, reducing the gap between it and the US by one third. A decrease in social security benefits would slightly stimulate growth but would have no real impact on the gap between the countries.     

21世纪新生代企业经营管理者培训探析

新生代企业经营管理者具有文化层次高,专业能力强,接受新生事物快,计划经济框框少,职业经理人的意识浓等特点.如何对这类知识型的"儒商"进行培训,文章针对职业经理人应具备的政治素质、知识素质、智力素质、能力素质、心理素质等设计了一套培训课程,并强调了转变观念,强化使命,重视创新力和探讨失误等重点.     

21世纪民营企业核心竞争力的培育

文章认为面对日益激烈的市场竞争,民营企业的各种优势正在逐渐减弱,原有的一些优势正在被新的形势、新的环境逐渐取代。因此只有进一步培育和提升民营企业在新的发展阶段上的核心竞争力,才能推动民营企业继续做大做强。     

Labour relations in transition in Eastern Europe

This article discusses the emerging models of labour relations in Bulgaria, the Czech and Slovak Republics, Hungary and Poland. It focuses on the institutions of trade unions, tripartism, collective bargaining and participation and considers the degrees of similarity and difference between the countries.