矿山环境管理引入矿山环境责任保险制度研究

我国矿山环境问题比较突出:采矿诱发地质灾害,造成大量人员伤亡和经济损失;引起岩爆或矿震;造成矿坑涌水与突水灾害;引起水土流失及土地沙化;占用和破坏大量土地;产生大量废气、废渣、废水。引入矿山环境责任保险制度有法制基础,对我国矿山环境管理具有借鉴意义;同时,也是运用经济和市场两种手段进行矿山环境管理的较好体现。     

海参典型养殖生产方式的投入产出及风险评估

海参是我国重要的水产品养殖种类之一,不同养殖方式的投入产出情况关系到激烈竞争下的产业经营体存续与否。本文通过对既有文献的梳理和案例调查,对我国主产区海参的工厂化养殖、池塘养殖及人工放流增殖等三种典型养殖生产模式的投入产出情况及风险因素进行了梳理和量化分析,相应地提出了促进我国海参养殖产业发展的对策和建议。     

The cost of agricultural production risk

We examine the relative influence of preferences and technology on producers' ex ante willingness to pay for a reduction in production risk. A risk averse producer pays both an Arrow-Pratt risk premium to stabilize income and a ‘production premium’ to stabilize yield. Using soil-nitrate risks as our motivating example, we demonstrate that the production premium accounts for 40-85% of producers' willingness to pay for risk reduction. These results demonstrate the relative importance of technology over risk preferences when estimating the costs of agricultural production risk.     

Joint production under uncertainty and multifunctionality of agriculture: policy considerations and applied analysis

The impact of various policy instruments on the production ofenvironmental goods that are complementary to or competing withagricultural commodities is analysed in the light of the uncertaintyin output prices and farmers' risk aversion. Some theoreticalassessments are first summarised and then tested on a case studyconcerning beef and grassland biodiversity production in Montsdu Cantal, France. The results of simulations carried out bymathematical programming farm-level models show that joint commodityand non-commodity production is nearly independent of the degreeof farmers' risk aversion, and that commodity-linked policyinstruments are not suitable for the production of environmentalgoods even under uncertainty.     

听证程序引入土地督察制度的必要性探讨

我国自2006年建立土地督察制度以来,相关法律、法规及政策性文件中尚未涉及听证程序。这种现象导致土地督察机构缺乏有效的外部监督,土地督察决策在执行上重重受阻,地方人民政府及行政相对人的权益难以得到保障等问题和不足。解决这些问题,弥补这些不足的路径是引入听证程序。听证程序的引入可制约土地督察机构的权力膨胀,提高督查效率,保障相对者权益。     

Technical change and irreversible investment under risk

A stochastic dynamic model was constructed to analyze investment decisions of an individual farme under risk in the presence of legibilities, embedded technical change and indivisible capital. An analytical solution was obtained and its local behavior studied by numerical methods. Optimal investment is obtained by regulating the difference between the desired and actual capital stocks between two barriers that define an inaction interval. While the desired capital drifts between the barriers, no action is taken. If the desired capital touches the upper barrier, the farmer invests pushing the average efficiency of the actual capital stock up. This in turn raises the desired capital even higher and contracts the inaction interval. If these effects are strong enough, the farmer will invest again until the potential gains of the technological package are exhausted. If the desired capital falls enough, the farmer disinvests, pushing down the average productivity and expanding the inaction interval. Disinvestment continues until it slops either because the inaction interval becomes so wide that it is no longer optimal to disinvest or because the actual capital stock is so small that it is no longer profitable to produce.     

农业信息化带动农业现代化的战略分析

从工业化社会走向信息化社会 ,从农业现代化走向农业信息化 ,是人类社会进步和农业发展的里程碑。世纪之交 ,全球正在进行一场不见硝烟的信息战。发达国家正在力图抢占当代信息科学技术的制高点 ,发展中国家也在制定本国的信息化战略 ,力图在若干重要领域占领信息科学技术的前沿。面对正在激烈兴起的新的科技革命 ,中国已经意识到信息化对于中国的发展是一次难得的历史机遇。在农业发展中 ,中国应当实施“信息跨越”战略 ,确立“信息强国”路线 ,发挥农业信息化和农业现代化叠加时期的叠加效应和倍增效果 ,即加快推进农业信息化 ,带动农业现…     

中国粮食生产波动特征的实证研究

<正>由于粮食的生产特性和供求弹性的独特性,使得粮食供求关系较小的变化往往会引起粮食价格较大的波动,而且粮食价格的波动,反过来会引起粮食供给的不稳定。粮食作为人们的生活必需品     

Criteria for optimal production under uncertainty. The state-contingent approach

The state-contingent approach to production economics presented by Chambers and Quiggin provides a new basis for deriving optimality criteria for production under uncertainty. In the present paper criteria are formally derived for risk-averse producers. It is not possible to derive useful criteria for strictly risk-averse producers, but useful criteria for risk-neutral producers are presented for three different types of input. Based on a formal definition of 'good' and 'bad' states of nature, the use of inputs and levels of production of strictly risk-averse producers are compared to those of risk-neutral producers. Depending on the type of input, risk-averse producers may use more or less input than risk-neutral producers.     

Managerial efficiency under risk for broiler producers in Saudi Arabia

Managerial efficiency for broiler producers m Saudi Arabia is generally difficult lo achieve. High investment costs coupled with relatively high average production costs and the consequent incompetent market prices, have resulted in projects either working at less than full capacity or being shut down completely. The aim here is to determine the most efficient production alternatives (actions) available to managers under business risk considerations. The ordinary stochastic dominance approach was used to solicit the most efficient production alternatives for broilet producing projects of all sizes in the Central Region of Saudi Arabia. For small-and medium-sized projects, the efficient production alternatives concentrated on marketing risk. For large projects, the efficient actions concentrated on both marketing and production risks. For the three sizes of projects, the two production alternatives that proved to be the most efficient, were the one that contains creating morc marketing strategies and the one that adopts good veterinary care systems. On the other hand, the production alternative that deals with selecting good breeds of chicks appeared to be most efficient for small and large projects only.     

世界鳗鱼的生产和贸易分析

论文通过对世界鳗苗、活鳗和鳗鱼产品的生产和贸易的深入分析,发现鳗苗资源是制约鳗鱼产量增加的主要因素,并且影响鳗鱼产品的国际贸易。中国、台湾地区和日本是世界上主要的鳗鱼生产地区,亚洲和世界的鳗鱼出口变化主要受到中国鳗鱼出口变化的影响,亚洲和世界的鳗鱼进口变化主要由日本的鳗鱼进口变化决定。文章最后提出相关结论和建议,为发展我国鳗鱼生产和贸易提供相关的政策依据。     

我国淡水养殖生产成本收益变动分析

本文通过对2000～2007年淡水养殖生产中各成本构成及其变化趋势的比较,探讨了我国水产养殖生产成本收益的变化趋势。结果表明：淡水养殖成本逐年上升,年收益率则表现为波动下降的趋势;我国水产养殖苗种成本、鱼药成本、饲料成本以及人工成本均呈现增长趋势,而销售成本和固定资产折旧则为下降趋势;但从各成本构成要素占总成本的比重来看,苗种费用、饲料费用和鱼药费用的比重基本稳定,人工费用比重增长明显,而销售费用、固定资产折旧费用的比重则为下降。     

基于SBM模型的中国水稻生产效率分析

本文采用Kaom Tone 2001年修正的非径向SBM模型的方法划区域分时段地考察了1978-2005年我国水稻生产效率的动态变化,分析其变化的特点和趋势,在此基础上,剖析影响生产效率、技术效率、技术进步的因素,进而探讨增强我国水稻生产效率及技术进步的路径.     

云南省罗非鱼苗种生产现状分析

近年来,云南省罗非鱼产业发展迅猛。据省农业厅统计,2013年商品罗非鱼产量达到19.8万吨,产量增长速度超过了其他主产省区。但省内具有一定规模自行培育亲本进行繁育的罗非鱼苗种场仅3-4家,实际繁育产量为1.5-2亿尾,自产苗种占比不到总需求的1/3,罗非鱼苗种产能明显不足,远远落后于商品鱼生产的增长需要,成为制约云南省罗非鱼产业发展的主要因素之一。而云南省具备罗非鱼苗种生产优越的自然气候条件,发展潜力巨大。     

山东省渔业生产函数的协整分析

本文根据C-D生产函数和协整理论方法,对1971～2006年山东省渔业经济增长的产出与三种投人要素进行了协整分析,模拟估计了山东省渔业C-D生产函数模型,并建立误差修正模型,将短期波动和长期均衡结合在一个模型中,体现出了长期均衡对短期波动"负反馈"的调整机制,并分析了资本、技术、劳动对渔业产出的贡献,综合反映了山东省渔业生产特征,对于发展山东渔业经济、促进渔业经济增长具有现实指导意义.     

新形势下我国农业政策性金融建设探讨

改革开放以来,我国对农村金融体系进行了一系列的改革,初步形成了农村商业性金融、农村合作金融和农村政策性金融共同发展的农村金融体系格局。农业作为弱质产业,在中国加入WTO的背景下,如何充分利用和发挥农业政策性金融的职能和优势,支持和保护我国农业和农村经济的可持续发展,是完善我国农村金融体系不可忽视的重要组成部分。本文就这一问题做一探讨,为我国农村金融体系的完善做出努力。一、农业政策性金融设立的理论基础及中国农业发展银行的运行状况农业生产是自然再生产和经济再生产的统一,这就决定了农业生产不仅面临着自然风险,同…     

新形势下兵团纺织业发展问题探析

在2008年的金融风暴中,中国纺织服装业受到巨大冲击,新疆生产建设兵团（以下简称兵团）纺织业也受到严重影响。本文在研究兵团纺织企业发展现状及企业类型及特征的基础上,深入分析目前兵团纺织企业存在的若干问题,如产品结构比较单一、生产规模较小、产业链较短、人才短缺、强势品牌缺乏等;最后从政府和企业两个角度提出促进新形势下兵团纺织企业可持续发展的对策建议。