重回过程图

最近,我在客护现场进行一系列的项目评审,几个绿带(GB)团队、项目黑带(BB)及其发起人和两个黑带(MBB)参加了评审.     

Japan in Britain: the dynamics of joint consultation

Despite the centrality of Company Councils for Japanese firms in the UK, empirical data on their evolution is rare. In this article consultation methods used by a Japanese manufacturing transplant are analysed using a longitudinal approach. The findings suggest that the development of a ‘consensus culture’ proved to be highly problematic for employees, shop stewards, local managers and Japanese staff, especially at the consultation-bargaining interface.     

Britain at the crossroads: the single currency

The concept of the single currency, to be adopted by the majority of the members of the European Union, is difficult for the general public to understand because of the lack of coherence of the objectives of its advocates (bureaucrats, ex-bureaucrats, academics, labour leaders, multinational business, and politicians). The general economic arguments for the single currency do not add up. Europe is not an 'optimal currency area.' A one-size-fits-all monetary policy will impose great strains. It is not necessary for Britain to participate in this enterprise. Britain does not need the euro, any more than Canada needs the US dollar. The ideal role for Britain is to be at the margin of Europe as the interface between Europe and North America     

Homeworking in Britain: the national picture in the mid-1990s

Previously published research on homeworking in Britain has been locally specific or dated. Yet this form of working is an area of current policy-making concern. By providing national data on the extent and characteristics of homeworking in Britain in the mid-1990s, this article aims to plug the gap.     

Workfare in Britain and America: A Personal View

But could workfare succeed in Britain? Professor Richard Nathan of Princeton University argues that the differences between Britain and America are such that workfare in Britain will require even larger changes in attitude than was the case in America.     

Cost allocation in Britain: towards an institutional analysis

This historical investigation attempts to gain insight into some of the socioeconomic factors surrounding the development and functioning of cost allocation practices in Britain. These factors are conceived in this study as isolated neither from the nature and structure of human behaviour, nor from the dynamic changing world in which individuals, firms and other constituent elements of society exist, act and interact. The institutional approach taken in this paper is contrasted with the transaction cost economics and labour process approaches. The historical analysis focuses on the emergence of uniform costing systems, government contracting in wartime, and the effects of collective trade agreements, and it reveals some of the wider economic, organizational, legal and political contexts in which cost allocations evolved and developed over the years. In addition, it demonstrates the complex and changing framework of norms, working rules and institutional arrangements within which cost allocation systems came to function in industrial and social organizations. The study concludes that although cost allocation systems have over the years remained simple, procedural and repetitive, their wider meanings and significance have served a variety of interests and needs in different times and in different socio-economic environments.     

Intergenerational Mobility in Britain: Evidence from Unemployment Patterns

Recent papers have examined the intergenerational transmission of well-being by looking at the relationship between parents' and children's income. However, by concentrating on those who are working these studies exclude some of the very poorest in society, the unemployed. In this paper we extend the empirical work on intergenerational welfare in the UK by looking at the links between fathers' and sons' unemployment histories. Using an approach which takes account of both incidence and intensity of son's unemployment, we provide further evidence showing that parental background is an important determinant of a child's future welfare. A son whose father was unemployed 20 years earlier is almost twice as likely to be unemployed as a son whose father was not unemployed. Furthermore, this dependency remains significant after controlling for a range of son's characteristics including education, ability and family composition.     

EMU without Britain: reasons for scepticism

This paper applies the theory of optimum currency areas to the question of which countries could be expected to be successful members of EMU if the monetary union does not include Britain, and is therefore led by the Bundesbank. Correlation matrices are prepared for potential members of EMU for recent years to see which countries would have tended to agree on a monetary policy and which would frequently disagree. The statistics strongly suggest that the Bank of England would be a far more successful leader of EMU than would the Bundesbank. Only Austria and the Netherlands have had macroeconomic cycles which closely follow those of Germany. Far more countries have had cycles which parallel those of Britain. With EMU being led by the Bundesbank, because Britain has not joined, the prospects for monetary union are quite poor.     

Britain and the European Monetary System: an American Perspective

How strong is the Case for Britain's entry to the ERM? Christopher Culp, of the Competitive Enterprise Institute in Washington, argues that the case for British entry is far from clear.     

Managing the Managers: Japanese Management Strategies in the USA

One of the greatest difficulties Japanese multinationals have had is managing American managers in their US subsidiaries. The reason for this is fundamental and profound: Americans and Japanese conceive of management very differently and have strikingly different conceptions of themselves as managers and of correct management practice.
We do two things in this paper. First, borrowing from social psychology, we explore the idea of the 'management self'. Second, we report our research on management self-conception and style in Japanese-owned factories or 'transplants' in the USA.
The research reports the results of 34 interviews conducted with 19 US and Japanese managers in three electronics transplants. Each factory had adopted different combinations or 'hybridizations' of the management styles of the two countries. The three factories had very different characters. One was dominated by Japanese management practice, another by American practice, and the third was a hybrid of the two styles. We found four factors critical determinants of management style: the nationality of the general manager, a stated preference (or lack thereof) for bicultural management, control over the budget-setting process, and the strength of the Japanese assignees     

Women's occupational status in Britain,France and the USA: explaining the difference

Using directly comparable data this article explores the lower occupational status overall of British employed women indicating the importance of social and employment policies to the amount of part-time working by women and the occupational status of women's part-time jobs in the three societies.