考虑技术异质性的中国省区环境创新效率评价

环境保护日益受到大众的普遍关注,进行环境创新效率评价对于环境保护具有重要意义。采用基于共同前沿（Meta-Frontier）生产函数的效率评价模型,将我国分为东、中、西及东北4个区域进行环境创新效率分析。结果表明,将各地区视为技术同质性单元时得到的环境创新效率与技术异质性环境创新效率差异较大;考虑技术异质性时我国环境创新效率普遍偏低;环境创新效率由高到低分别为东部、西部、中部和东北,各区域间效率差距较显著。在此基础上,对我国不同区域环境技术创新效率改善提出了具体的政策建议。     

区域一体化发展背景下京津冀能源政策绩效评估

研究了基于模糊DEA的京津冀能源政策绩效评价方法和评价流程。引入L-R模糊数,将定性评价指标的值转化成模糊数。在基本C2 R模型的基础上,应用α截集构建了能源政策绩效评估的α-FC2 R模型,根据决策单元的效率评价指数确定绩效的好坏。通过评价京津冀能源政策的绩效,证明了该方法的有效性。     

环境绩效审计研究——以H省为例

采用DEA方法中的BCC模型,以H省的13家代表性的制造业企业为样本决策单元,采用营业成本、氮氧化物、固定资产净额为投入指标,以营业收入为产出指标,分别对2019年的综合效率、技术效率和规模效率进行分析,并对无效DEA的技术效率（环境绩效）和规模效率进行评价,综合分析得出H省相关环境绩效水平较优,但仍有进一步改进的空间。     

我国主要工业省市的环境-经济综合效率——基于SBM模型的实证研究

基于松弛的SBM模型可综合评价决策单元的环境效率和经济效率。运用改进的SBM模型对我国主要工业省市环境经济效率及其环境规制的经济影响测算的结果表明,主要工业省市环境与经济效率整体较低且稳中趋降,环境规制带来的经济损失则在上升,说明这些省市的工业和经济发展方式仍然粗放。应切实转变经济发展方式,发展循环经济,推行有区别的环境规制政策和减排目标。     

基于DEA的煤炭上市公司效率三阶段评价

本文分析了我国煤炭行业18家上市公司的资产负债表和利润表,运用DEA方法对18家公司进行效率评价,得到12家公司处在生产前沿面上。引入Jackknifing方法对所得结果进行稳健性检验并剔除异常指标,对剔除异常值的数据进行二阶段评价,构造最优决策单元引入模型,得到上海能源的二次评价效率值为最高。为获得其余决策单元如何有效地管理信息,进行了三阶段DEA评价。实证表明,本文的方法比以往的前沿效率分析法更具合理性。     

评价产业集群竞争力的GEMS模型构建研究

政府政策、社会环境对产业集群竞争力具有重要影响,却被现有的产业集群竞争力评价研究所忽略。以GEM模型为基础,将政府政策、社会环境二因素作为"因素对Ⅳ"——环境加入GEM模型中,构建出GEMS模型因素对,并对各因素分别设定二级评价指标,确定了二级评价指标的权重,建立了GEMS模型评价指标体系。     

环境约束下的经济效率——中国工业部门的实证检验

当生产过程出现污染物时,评价企业的经济效率变得十分困难。文章在扩展的数据包络分析(DEA)模型基础上,建立了环境约束下的经济效率评价模型,并使用全国31个省市的558个数据,对2001年～2003年环境约束下的中国工业部门经济效率进行了实证检验。结果表明:在整体上,中国工业部门的经济效率处在较低的水平,污染物排放进一步使得产出降低或投入增加,同时,效率水平在地区分布上也呈现明显的特点。     

旅游在线团购顾客信任评价DEA模型探讨

文章在对旅游在线团购影响消费者信任的问题分析基础上,基于DEA模型,实现对旅游在线团购顾客信任评价指标体系的建立与整理,采用相关软件实现初始数据分析,最终建立旅游在线团购顾客信任评价体系。采用实证研究法,以携程网和酷讯网作为决策单元,运用DEA模型实现信任效率分析,测试该评价模型的有效性,对当前旅游在线团购如何评估顾客信任度有着积极的借鉴意义。     

基于DEA-ABC物流成本效率控制研究

作业成本法是企业物流成本管理的一种有效方法,但企业物流成本管理本质在于通过成本控制来提高物流作业效率.论文构建了物流成本效率核算的ABC、DEA相结合模型.该模型运用作业成本法将决策单元各项作业及资源的消耗进行分摊,作为DEA的输入指标,以租金和利润作为DEA的输出指标,从而对决策单元进行有效性评.针对弱有效决策单元分析各项作业对成本的影响,找出低效率作业,设定物流作业目标成本值,物流作业改善提供改进方向.结果表明ABC-DEA相结合的模型是一种综合物流成本效率评价的有效方法.     

基于DEA—ABC物流成本效率控制研究

作业成本法是企业物流成本管理的一种有效方法,但企业物流成本管理本质在于通过成本控制来提高物流作业效率。论文构建了物流成本效率核算的ABc-DEA相结合模型。该模型运用作业成本法将决策单元各项作业及资源的消耗进行分摊,作为DEA的输入指标,以租金和利润作为DEA的输出指标,从而对决策单元进行有效性评。针对弱有效决策单元分析各项作业对成本的影响,找出低效率作业,设定物流作业目标成本值,物流作业改善提供改进方向。结果表明ABC—DEA相结合的模型是一种综合物流成本效率评价的有效方法。     

Optimal size of the government: the role of the elasticity of substitution

This paper analyzes the optimal fiscal policy in an endogenous growth model with productive public services. Government expenditure, which may be subject to different degrees of congestion, is financed by distortionary income taxation. The standard result on the equality between the growth-maximizing, welfare-maximizing and first-best income tax rates holds if and only if production is Cobb–Douglas or there is proportional congestion. With non-proportional (or in the absence of) congestion, the first-best income tax is lower than the (second-best) welfare-maximizing income tax which, in turn, is lower than the growth-maximizing income tax if the elasticity of substitution is below unity. Under mild conditions these relations are reversed if the elasticity of substitution is above unity. Intuition on these results is also provided.     

The impact of carbon cap and trade regulation on congested electricity market equilibrium

Greenhouse gas regulation aimed at limiting the carbon emissions from the electric power industry will affect system operations and market outcomes. The impact and the efficacy of the regulatory policy depend on interactions of demand elasticity, transmission network, market structure, and strategic behavior of generators. This paper develops an equilibrium model of an oligopoly electricity market in conjunction with a cap-and-trade policy to study such interactions. We study their potential impacts on market and environmental outcomes which are demonstrated through a small network test case and a reduced WECC 225-bus model with a detailed representation of the California market. The results show that market structure and congestion can have a significant impact on the market performance and the environmental outcomes of the regulation while the interactions of such factors can lead to unintended consequences.     

Optimizing replenishment policy in an EPQ-based inventory model with nonconforming items and breakdown

The optimal replenishment policy for an economic production quantity (EPQ)-based inventory model with nonconforming items and breakdown is presented. A real-life production system inevitably generates nonconforming items and has equipment breakdowns owing to process deterioration or other uncontrollable factors. This study addressed these issues in an EPQ-based system to optimize a replenishment policy that minimizes the long-run average cost for the proposed system. Whenever a breakdown occurs, the machine is assumed to immediately be under repair, and an abort/resume inventory control policy is adopted. Under this control policy production of the interrupted lot resumes immediately after the machine is fixed and restored. A mathematical model and a recursive algorithm were used to derive the optimal replenishment policy. A numerical example was used to demonstrate the practical application and better cost efficiency of the proposed policy compared to a breakdown that occurs under a no-resumption policy.     

Longevity and environmental quality in an OLG model

Whereas existing OLG models with endogenous longevity neglect the impact of environmental quality on mortality, this paper studies the design of the optimal public policy in a two-period OLG model where longevity is influenced positively by health expenditures, but negatively by pollution due to production. It is shown that if agents, when choosing how much to spend on health, do not internalize the impact of their decision on environmental quality (i.e. the space available for each person), the decentralization of the social optimum requires a tax not only on capital income (to internalize the pollution externality), but, also, on health spending (to internalize the congestion externality). We also examine the second-best policy under a limited set of taxation instruments, and explore its sensitivity to the pollution process and to individual preferences.     

First-best tax policy,congestion, and imperfect competition

In the presence of imperfect competition and externalities -increasing returns to diversity and congestion -competitive equilibria are not efficient. Thus, the inefficiency can be modified by the introduction of appropriate fiscal policies. Under the consideration of an optimal fiscal policy, the results of this paper show that the government should pay a subsidy to labor and capital income in order to correct the production inefficiency. Furthermore, the optimal subsidy to fixed costs depends on the degree of increasing returns to diversity and the degree of congestion, and it decreases with the latter effect. (JEL: E62, H41, L16)     

财政政策的供给效应与经济发展

本文分析了发展中国家公共投资对私人资本积累的动态响应。针对公共资本的拥挤性特征 ,同时考虑财政投资可能引起的风险。在不考虑公共投资风险的分权经济中 ,由于公共资本和私人资本都处于短缺状态 ,企业争夺拥挤性公共资本而扩张私人资本的投资行为虽然使经济超常增长 ,但是存在过度投资和过度拥挤。在集中优化模型中 ,如果考虑到公共投资的风险 ,政府通过税收方式弥补公共投资风险 ,同时将企业投资产生的拥挤效应内部化 ,就能消除企业的过度投资和过度拥挤现象 ,使经济保持合理持续的增长。对中国这样的发展中国家 ,需要重视财政的供给效应 ,在经济起飞初期保证一定数量的政府资本性支出是必要的 ,但随着经济的不断发展和政府资本性支出累积的风险增加 ,财政转型十分必要。     

Fiscal Policy, Congestion, and Endogenous Growth

We devise an endogenous growth model with private and public physical capital, and human capital, which allows for relative and absolute congestion. According to empirical evidence, long-run growth is invariant to fiscal policy. Despite its complexity, the dynamics of the market economy and the centralized economy are analyzed in detail. We show that an increase in absolute congestion reduces the long-run growth rate of output. In contrast, relative congestion does not affect long-run growth. In the absence of congestion, it is optimal to use lump-sum taxation, and with congestion it is optimal to also tax income.     

区际生产要素流动的网络模型研究

文章基于生产要素跨区域流动视角,构建了区际要素流动的网络模型.对区域间生产要素、要素的主体、要素的流动以及区域环境的概念进行了界定;认为区域间生产要素流动网络是指在市场机制作用下,基于要素价值比较、价值互补和价值创新,由具有自适应性和自主决策能力的要素主体所构成的一个网络状的组织模式;网络随着时间而不断进化,受到内部环境的制约、外部环境的影响,或者根据预先设定的规则来演化;提出了网络的微观和宏观特征度量指标.文章采取的网络分析方法既可以用来研究区域内部的生产要素流动,也可以用来研究区域间的流动,还可以在更为广泛的范围来研究全球化的资源配置.     

差别电价效应及影响因素的系统动力学分析

差别电价政策作为价格杠杆直接调控经济,在实施中受较多因素的影响。本文建立了差别电价政策的系统动力学模型,对影响差别电价政策效果的因素进行了分析。研究结果表明,在其他因素不变的前提下,当高耗能企业的单位电耗降低时,企业为获取较多利润会增加生产量,从而使用电量提高;当高耗能企业产品的市场价格提高时,企业较少考虑差别电价,会提高实际生产量,差别电价政策的效果弱化;当高耗能企业产品的市场价格减低时,企业会降低实际生产量,差别电价政策的效果很明显。     

1978-2007年我国畜牧业全要素生产率及其影响因素研究

本文运用扩展的索洛模型和C-D生产函数测算了1978—2007年我国畜牧业全要素生产率(TFP)及其影响因素。分析结果表明,1978—2007年我国畜牧业TFP的年均增长率为4.71%;从总体上看,我国畜牧业生产处于规模报酬递增阶段,且畜牧业政策、劳动者质量、规模化程度和科技投入量是影响我国畜牧业TFP变动的主要因素。